Immunogenicity of Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S Booster Dose among Navy Personnel in Mexico.

Booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have been recommended to improve and prolong immunity, address waning immunity over time, and contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. A heterologous booster vaccine strategy may offer advantages over a homologous approach. To compare the immunogenicity of two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S booster dose, immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody titers (Ab) were compared over 1 year and post-booster vaccination. Results showed that, at 3- to 9-month assessments in vaccinated subjects, an-ti-N Ab were undetectable in participants with no history of COVID-19. In contrast, anti-S Ab measurements were lower than those with COVID-19, and a decrease was observed during the 9 months of observation. After booster vaccination, no differences were found in anti-S between participants who reported a history of COVID-19 and those who did not. Anti-S levels were higher after booster vaccination measurement vs. at 9 months in participants with COVID-19 and without COVID-19, i.e., independent of an infection history. Vaccine administration elicited a response of higher anti-S IgG levels in those infected before vaccination, although levels decreased during the first nine months. IgG anti-N titers were higher in participants with a history of declared infection and who were asymptomatic. The ChAdOx1-S booster increased anti-S Ab levels in participants regardless of whether they had been infected or not to a significantly higher value than with the first two vaccines. These findings underscore the importance of booster vaccination in eliciting a robust and sustained immune response against COVID-19, regardless of the prior infection status.

Exposure to green spaces, cardiovascular risk biomarkers and incident cardiovascular disease in older adults: The Seniors-Enrica II cohort.

INTRODUCTION: The impact of residential green spaces on cardiovascular health in older adults remains uncertain. METHODS: Cohort study involving 2114 adults aged ≥ 65 years without cardiovascular disease (CVD), residing in five dense municipalities (Prince et al., 2015) of the Madrid region and with detailed characterization of their socioeconomic background, health behaviors, CVD biological risk factors, and mental, physical, and cognitive health. Greenness exposure was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at varying distances from participants' homes. Traffic exposure, neighborhood environment, neighborhood walkability, and socioeconomic deprivation at the census level were also assessed. Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) were measured at baseline, and incident CVD events identified through electronic medical records (International Classification of Primary Care-2 codes K74, K75, K77, K90, and K92). RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, educational attainment, financial hardship and socioeconomic deprivation at the census level, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 m around participants' homes was associated with mean differences in ProBNP of -5.56 % (95 %CI: -9.77; -1.35), -5.05 % (-9.58; -0.53), -4.24 % (-8.19, -0.19), and -4.16 % (-7.59; -0.74), respectively; and mean differences in hs-TnT among diabetic participants of -8.03 % (95 %CI: -13.30; -2.77), -9.52 % (-16.08; -2.96), -8.05 % (-13.94, -2.16) and -5.56 % (-10.75; -0.54), respectively. Of similar magnitude, although only statistically significant at 250 and 500 m, were the observed lower IL-6 levels with increasing greenness. GDF-15 levels were independent of NDVI. In prospective analyses (median follow-up 6.29 years), an IQR increase in residential greenness at 500, 750, and 1000 m was associated with a lower risk of incident CVD. The variables that contributed most to the apparent beneficial effects of greenness on CVD were lower exposure to traffic, improved cardiovascular risk factors, and enhanced physical performance. Additionally, neighborhood walkability and increased physical activity were notable contributors among individuals with diabetes. CONCLUSION: Increased exposure to residential green space was associated with a moderate reduction in CVD risk in older adults residing in densely populated areas.

Associations between muscular strength and mental health in cognitively normal older adults: a cross-sectional study from the AGUEDA trial.

Objective: To examine the associations between muscular strength and mental health. Design: We used baseline data of 91 cognitively healthy older adults (71.69 ± 3.91 years old, 57 % women) participating in the AGUEDA randomized controlled trial. Methods: Muscular strength was assessed using both objective (i.e., handgrip strength, biceps curl, squats, and isokinetic test) and perceived (i.e., International Fitness Scale) indicators. Psychological ill-being indicators: anxiety, depression, stress, and loneliness; and psychological well-being indicators: satisfaction with life, self-esteem, and emotional well-being) were assessed using a set of valid and reliable self-reported questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were performed adjusting for sex, age, years of education, body mass index , alcohol, diet, and smoking (model 1), and additionally by cardiorespiratory fitness (model 2). Results: Elbow extension was positively associated with stress in model 1 (ß = 0.252, 95 % Confidence Interval [95 % CI] = 0.007 to 0.497, p = 0.044), and even after further adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness (ß = 0.282, 95 % CI = 0.032 to 0.532, p = 0.028). Perceived strength was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in model 1 (ß = -0.271, 95 % CI = -0.491 to -0.049, p = 0.017) and model 2 reported associations tending towards significant (ß = -0.220, 95 % CI = -0.445 to 0.005, p = 0.055). Handgrip strength was positively associated with self-esteem in model 1 (ß = 0.558, 95 % CI = 0.168 to 0.949, p = 0.006) and model 2 (ß = 0.546, 95 % CI = 0.135 to 0.956, p = 0.010). No further associations were found among other muscular strength and mental health variables. Conclusion: Handgrip had a moderate association with self-esteem and there was a small association between perceived strength with depressive symptoms and elbow extension with stress. No other associations were observed between muscular strength and mental health outcomes in cognitively normal older adults.

Motivational Orientation, Boredom and Fun in Physical Education: The Mediation Role of Self-Esteem and Motor Self-Efficacy.

Adolescents who enjoy physical education (PE) classes are more likely to be active during out-of-school hours. Similarly, achievement goal theory suggests that task-oriented motivation is associated with higher levels of reported fun during PE classes. In contrast, ego-oriented motivation has been related to boredom in class, but some self-perceptions (e.g., self-esteem or motoric self-efficacy) may modify this relationship and are important for physical activity. Our aim in this paper was to analyze the relationships between motivational orientation and fun and boredom in PE classes by assessing the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy. We surveyed 478 teenagers between 13 and 18 years of age (M = 14.57; SD = 1.15) with the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Scale (SSI-EF). We used a structural equation model to evaluate relationships between these variables of interest. We found a positive relationship between ego orientation and boredom and between task orientation and fun; and we found a negative relationship between task orientation and boredom in PE classes. Importantly, we observed indirect effects from self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy in the relationships between motivational orientation and boredom and fun in PE. These results highlight the importance of students' motivational orientations in PE classes and illustrate that self-perception of self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy can mediate these relationships.

Interpersonal behaviors in sports context: Spanish adaptation and measurement invariance.

Introduction: The interpersonal behavior questionnaire (IBQ) is an instrument that measures support and thwarting interpersonal behaviors based on the self-determination theory (SDT). The aim of this work was to adapt the IBQ to the Spanish spoken in Mexico and to examine its psychometric properties (structural validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, factorial invariance, and nomological validity) in a sample of athletes. Methods: For this purpose, 472 athletes (average age 17.15 years; SD = 1.47) completed a question booklet. Results and discussion: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of six related factors, three factors of behaviors that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and three factors of behaviors that thwarting them. The internal consistency of each factor was also supported, as well as the average variance extracted. However, the discriminant validity between the factors of competence and relatedness in their dimensions of support, on the one hand, and thwarting, on the other, is questioned. Factorial invariance was confirmed across gender (men and women) and sport type (individual and team). Nomological validity is in accordance with theory and empirical literature. More studies of the IBQ in sport are necessary to see if these results are a fortuitous product or if they manifest themselves consistently.

Lifestyle behaviors, social and economic disadvantages, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: results from the US National Health Interview Survey.

Aim: To examine the independent relationships of lifestyle and social and economic factors with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a large representative sample of the US adult population. Furthermore, the association between the combination of lifestyle and social and economic factors with mortality was analyzed in detail. Methods: The sample included 103,314 participants with valid records and eligible for mortality follow-up, and information on lifestyle factors and social and economic disadvantages (NHIS waves 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015). An unhealthy lifestyle score was constructed using information on physical activity, alcohol consumption, diet, and smoking status. Social and economic disadvantages were assessed using information on education, receipt of dividends, employment, family's home, and access to private health. Information on mortality data was determined by the National Death Index records. Results: Compared with favorable lifestyle, unfavorable lifestyle was associated with higher all-cause (HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.97-2.19) and CVD (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.68-2.02) mortality. Higher social and economic disadvantages were also associated with higher all-cause (HR 2.44; 95% CI 2.30-2.59) and CVD mortality (HR 2.44; 95% CI 2.16-2.77), compared to low social and economic disadvantages. In joint associations, participants in the high social and economic disadvantage and unfavorable lifestyle showed a greater risk of all-cause (HR 4.06; 95% CI 3.69-4.47) and CVD mortality (HR 3.98; 95% CI 3.31-4.79). Conclusion: Lifestyle and social and economic disadvantages are associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The risk of mortality increases as the number of social and economic disadvantages and unhealthy lifestyles increases.

Trends in the association between meeting the physical activity guidelines and risk of mortality in US adults.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the trends in the association between meeting the physical activity (PA) guidelines and mortality in adults. METHODS: We included seventeen annual representative samples of US adults 1998-2014 (n = 482,756) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality ascertained through December 2019. Participants were grouped according to PA Guidelines: 150 or more min/week in aerobic PA and muscle-strengthening activities 2 or more times/week. To provide further context, we also examined the trends in mortality risk associated with other modifiable health factors. RESULTS: Meeting the PA guidelines was associated with lower 5-year mortality risk (HR = 0.59, 95%CI, 0.55, 0.63) based on the pooled analyses. We consistently observed an inverse association in all years, but there was a nonsignificant trend association (P for trend = 0.305) between meeting PA guidelines and 5-year mortality across the seventeen annual surveys. Meeting aerobic (HR = 0.58, 95%CI, 0.56, 0.61) and muscle-strengthening (HR = 0.86, 95%CI, 0.81, 0.90) guidelines were independently associated with 5-year mortality risk in pooled analyses, without any evidence for trends in the associations. Similar results were found with cause-specific mortality and 10-year mortality risk. In pooled analyses, attaining a high educational level, body mass index <30 kg/m2, being noncurrent smoker, nonheavy drinker, and living without history of hypertension and diabetes with 5-year mortality were 0.70 (95%CI, 0.67, 0.73), 1.19 (95%CI, 1.15, 1.23), 0.56 (95%CI, 0.54, 0.59), 0.85 (95%CI,0.79, 0.92), 0.91 (95%CI, 0.88-0.94) and 0.65 (95%CI, 0.88, 0.94), respectively. Only no history of diabetes showed a significant trend analysis (B = 0.77, 95%CI, 0.46, 0.91, P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSION: Meeting PA guidelines lower mortality risk and this association does not seem to have varied over time. Encouraging adults to meet the PA guidelines may provide substantial health benefits, despite social, demographic and lifestyle changes, as well as the advances in medical technology and pharmacological treatments.

The role of physical activity in the association between disability and mortality among US older adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.

To examine whether physical activity can mitigate the mortality risk associated with disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities in daily living among older adults. This analysis comprised 177,360 US participants (104,556 women), aged ≥ 60 years, with valid data from the 1997 through 2018 waves of the US National Health Interview Survey. Participants reported the frequency and duration of leisure-time PA, and their disabilities in activities of daily living and instrumental activities in daily living. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index. Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 8.02 (5.43) years, 66,694 deaths occurred from all-cause, 22,673 from cardiovascular disease, and 13,845 from cancer. Among people with disability in activities in daily living, those reaching physical activity recommendations had 25%, 24% and 33% lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer death, respectively, compared with those who do not meet physical activity recommendations. Values were 23%, 22% and 24% for those with disability in instrumental activities in daily living. Risk reductions associated with reaching the recommended physical activity ranged 16% to 29% for people without disability. Combining disability type and compliance with physical activity, individuals with disability in activities of daily living or instrumental activities in daily living who meet the recommended physical activity had moderately higher mortality than those without disability who did not achieve the recommended physical activity. Compliance with physical activity recommendations can partially mitigate excess mortality resulting from disability in activities in daily living or instrumental activities in daily living in older adults.

Emotional manifestations and psychological symptoms in healthcare workers of a general hospital of Buenos Aires city before and after vaccination against SARS-Cov-2 / Manifestaciones emocionales y síntomas psicológicos en los trabajadores de la salud de un Hospital General de Agudos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires pre y posvacunación contra el SARS- CoV-2.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic left healthcare workers physically and mentally exhausted. Studies demonstrated the increase in psychological and psychiatric pathologies with the pandemic. In this work, the impact of vaccination against COVID-19 on the emotional manifestations and psychological symptoms of workers at a general acute care hospital in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina was measured. Methods: A descriptive, observational, transversal study and analytical survey was developed in order to assess the impact of vaccination against COVID-19 on hospital workers' emotional demonstrations and psychological symptoms. An inquiry to the hospital personnel, who had received at least one dose of vaccine against COVID-19, was disseminated to know more details about self-perceived psychological symptoms and emotions, and safety to carry their work out, before and after vaccination. Results: 302 responses were obtained; 214 (70%) of those surveyed presented some psychological symptom, mainly anxiety (153-50,6%%), anguish (141-46,7%) and sleep disturbances (132-43,7%). The incidence of all decreased after vaccination and 22,1% (67) reported disappearance of some of those symptoms after it. The feelings of calm and security increased by 8% and 2,6% respectively. In 75% (229) vaccination increased the feeling of security at work. Conclusions: Our study shows how vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 reduced the psychological symptoms presented as a result of the pandemic and increased the feeling of job security.

Objetivo: La pandemia por COVID-19 dejó a los trabajadores de salud agotados física y  mentalmente. Estudios demostraron el incremento de patologías psicológicas y psiquiátricas con la pandemia. En este trabajo se midió el impacto de la vacunación contra COVID-19 en las manifestaciones emocionales y síntomas psicológicos de los trabajadores de un hospital general de agudos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Método: Se desarrolló  este estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y analítico. Se difundió una encuesta al personal que había recibido al menos una dosis de vacuna contra COVID-19 sobre los síntomas psicológicos  y emociones auto percibidos y sobre la seguridad para realizar labores, antes y  después de la vacunación. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 302  respuestas; 214 (70%) de los encuestados presentó algún síntoma psicológico, ansiedad (153-50,6%), angustia (14-46,7%) y alteraciones del sueño (132-43,7%). La incidencia de los mismos disminuyó luego de la vacunación y el 22,1% (67) manifestó desaparición de alguno luego de la misma. Los sentimientos de tranquilidad y seguridad se incrementaron en un 8 % y 2,6% respectivamente. En el 75% (229) la vacunación aumentó la sensación de seguridad en el trabajo. Conclusión: En nuestro estudio se evidencia cómo la vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 redujo los síntomas psicológicos presentados a raíz de la pandemia y aumentó la sensación de seguridad laboral.

Analysis of the Sports Psychological Profile, Competitive Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Flow State in Young Football Players.

The objective of this study was to analyse the correlations among the sports psychological profile, competitive anxiety, self-confidence and the flow state of young football players. Additionally, potential distinctions based on age category, competitive level and field position were explored. This study included 328 participants divided into two groups: Group 1, 14-15 year olds, and Group 2, 16-18 year olds (M = 15.85; SD = 1.44). Data were collected by using the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution (IPED), the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) and the Flow State Scale (FSS). The findings revealed positive associations between the sports psychological profile and self-confidence, as well as with the flow state. Conversely, competitive anxiety demonstrated negative relationships with the sports psychological profile, self-confidence and the state of flow. Moreover, superior scores were observed in the analysed variables for the older age category and higher competitive level, with no notable disparities based on field positions. These results underscore the interplay of psychological factors in the performance of football players and underline distinctions among players according to their category (age and level). This emphasises the importance of scrutinising these variables in athletes to comprehend their profiles and enable targeted interventions aimed at enhancing their psychological resources for competitive scenarios.

Physical Activity and Cause-Specific Cardiovascular Mortality Among People With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study of 0.6 Million US Adults.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of physical activity (PA) with cause-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among people with preexisting CVD and to analyze the relationship of PA with CVD-related mortality in people without CVD as well as the association of PA with nonspecific CVD mortality in both populations. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Of the total participants in the 1997 through 2018 US National Health Interview Survey waves, 87,959 adults with CVD and 527,185 without CVD were included. Leisure-time PA was self-reported; based on frequency and duration, minutes per week in PA were calculated and subsequently classified into: (1) none: 0 min/wk, (2) insufficient: 1 to 149.9 min/wk, (3) recommended: 150 to 300 min/wk, and (4) additional: more than 300 min/wk. Mortality data were obtained through link to records from the National Death Index. Statistical analyses were performed with Cox regression adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8.5 years, 12,893 participants with CVD, 9943 with coronary heart disease (CHD), and 843 with stroke died of CVD mortality, diseases of heart mortality, and cerebrovascular mortality, respectively. In fully adjusted models, compared with no PA, insufficient, recommended, and additional PA were associated with 25.9%, 37.1%, and 42.0% lower risk of diseases of heart mortality among people with prior CHD, respectively. Among people with stroke, recommended and additional PA was related to 30.7% and 59.3% lower risk of cerebrovascular mortality, respectively. The protective effect of PA on cause-specific CVD mortality was greater in people with CVD than in those without prior CVD. Moreover, PA was more markedly inversely associated with cause-specific CVD mortality than with nonspecific CVD mortality in people with CVD. CONCLUSION: Physical activity was strongly associated with lower risk of CVD-, CHD-, and stroke-related mortality among people with a history of these specific diseases. Health care professionals should emphasize the importance of a physically active lifestyle in patients with CVD.

Associations of physical activity type, volume, intensity, and changes over time with all-cause mortality in older adults: The Seniors-ENRICA cohorts.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of physical activity (PA) type, volume, intensity, and changes over time with all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS: We used data from 3518 and 3273 older adults recruited in the Seniors-ENRICA-1 and 2 cohorts. PA was assessed with the EPIC questionnaire. Participants reported how many hours they spent a week in walking, cycling, gardening, do-it-yourself (DIY), sports, and housework. Then, time at each intensity (moderate PA [MPA], vigorous PA [VPA], moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA] and total PA) was calculated. Changes in PA were calculated from the date of the baseline interview to Wave 1. All-cause mortality was ascertained up January 31, 2022. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models, adjusting for the main confounders. RESULTS: Walking, gardening, sports, and housework was associated with lower mortality (ranged 20%-46%). Also, MPA, VPA, MVPA was associated with lower risk of mortality (ranged 28%-53%). Analyses of PA change showed that, compared no PA participation (at baseline nor Wave 1), maintain walking, sports, and housework (ranged 28%-53%) and maintaining MPA, VPA, and MVPA (ranged 32%-36%) levels was linked to decreased mortality risk. Those who increased, maintained, or even decreased total PA had lower mortality (57%, 52%, and 36%, respectively) than those with consistently very low PA. CONCLUSIONS: The lower mortality was observed in those with a high baseline level of total PA. Maintaining PA levels such as walking, gardening, and housework, or at all analyzed intensities, was related to lower mortality.

The effect of the colour red in 20 years of Olympic taekwondo.

The objectives of this study were (1) to analyse the relationship between the colour of the protectors and the outcome of 895 matches in the six Olympic Games in which taekwondo has been included, and (2) to analyse the effect of confounding factors through the different degrees of asymmetry between contestants. Data were recorded on the colour of each athlete's protectors, the scoring system, the sex of the athlete, the weight category, the round of competition, the winner of the match, the method of victory and the points scored by each athlete. Among the main results, a relationship emerged between male athletes wearing red and winning the match (p = 0.034) under the manual scoring system. There were relationships between female athletes wearing blue and winning the match in the quarterfinal (p = 0.014) and last 16 rounds (p = 0.021) using the manual and electronic scoring systems respectively. In female athletes, relationships emerged between wearing blue and winning the match with small (p = 0.008) and medium (p = 0.047) asymmetry under the manual system and with large (p = 0.036) asymmetry under the electronic system. The electronic system had a positive impact on the fairness of Olympic competition. Red tends to gain in importance as the asymmetry between the two athletes decreases, but not enough to give a competitive advantage. The results for Olympic competition held in the now concluded era of the manual system confirmed the presence of the colour effect as a result of psychological factors attributable to referees and judges.

Untangling adaptive functioning of PMM2-CDG across age and its impact on parental stress: a cross-sectional study.

Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG) leads to cerebellar atrophy with ataxia, dysmetria, and intellectual deficits. Despite advances in therapy, the cognitive and adaptive profile remains unknown. Our study explores the adaptive profile of 37 PMM2-CDG patients, examining its association with parental stress and medical characteristics. Assessment tools included ICARS for the cerebellar syndrome and NPCRS for global disease severity. Behavioral and adaptive evaluation consisted of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Psychopathological screening involved the Child Behavior Checklist and the Symptom Check-List-90-R. Parental stress was evaluated using Parental Stress Index. Results were correlated with clinical features. No significant age or sex differences were found. 'Daily living skills' were notably affected. Patients severely affected exhibited lower adaptive skill values, as did those with lipodystrophy and inverted nipples. Greater severity in motor cerebellar syndrome, behavioral disturbances and the presence of comorbidities such as hyperactivity, autistic features and moderate-to-severe intellectual disability correlated with greater parental stress. Our study found no decline in adaptive abilities. We provide tools to assess adaptive deficits in PMM2-CDG patients, emphasizing the importance of addressing communication, daily living skills, and autonomy, and their impact on parental stress in clinical monitoring and future therapies.

Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: Importance of Comorbidities in Health Personnel against Reinfections.

One of the priority lines of action to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was vaccination programs for healthcare workers. However, with the emergence of highly contagious strains, such as the Omicron variant, it was necessary to know the serological status of health personnel to make decisions for the application of reinforcements. The aim of this work was to determine the seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in a Mexican hospital after six months of the administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (two doses, 4 weeks apart) and to investigate the association between comorbidities, response to the vaccine, and reinfections. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were determined using ELISA assays for 262 employees of Hospital Juárez de México with and without a history of COVID-19. A beta regression analysis was performed to study the associated comorbidities and their relationship with the levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, an epidemiological follow-up was carried out to detect reinfections in this population. A significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was observed in workers with a history of COVID-19 prior to vaccination compared to those without a history of the disease (MD: 0.961 and SD: 0.049; <0.001). Beta regression showed that workers with a history of COVID-19 have greater protection compared to those without a history of the infection. Neutralizing antibodies were found to be decreased in alcoholic and diabetic subjects (80.1%). Notably, eight cases of Omicron reinfections were identified, and gender and obesity were associated with the presence of reinfections (6.41 OR; 95% BCa CI: 1.15, 105.0). The response to the vaccine was influenced by the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated comorbidities. The above highlights the importance of prioritizing this segment of the population for reinforcements in periods of less than one year to guarantee their effectiveness against new variants.

ZundEig: The Structure of the Proton in Liquid Water from Unsupervised Learning.

The structure of the excess proton in liquid water has been the subject of lively debate on both experimental and theoretical fronts for the last century. Fluctuations of the proton are typically interpreted in terms of limiting states referred to as the Eigen and Zundel species. Here, we put these ideas under the microscope, taking advantage of recent advances in unsupervised learning that use local atomic descriptors to characterize environments of acidic water combined with advanced clustering techniques. Our agnostic approach leads to the observation of only one charged cluster and two neutral ones. We demonstrate that the charged cluster involving the excess proton is best seen as an ionic topological defect in water's hydrogen bond network, forming a single local minimum on the global free-energy landscape. This charged defect is a highly fluxional moiety, where the idealized Eigen and Zundel species are neither limiting configurations nor distinct thermodynamic states. Instead, the ionic defect enhances the presence of neutral water defects through strong interactions with the network. We dub the combination of the charged and neutral defect clusters as ZundEig, demonstrating that the fluctuations between these local environments provide a general framework for rationalizing more descriptive notions of the proton in the existing literature.

Typing of Candida spp. from Colonized COVID-19 Patients Reveal Virulent Genetic Backgrounds and Clonal Dispersion.

Advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 allowed the survival of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. However, due to the clinical characteristics of severe patients, they resulted in the appearance of colonization events. Therefore, we speculate that strains of Candida spp. isolated from COVID-19 patients have virulent genetic and phenotypic backgrounds involved in clinical worsening of patients. The aim of this work was to virutype Candida spp. strains isolated from colonized COVID-19 patients, analyze their genomic diversity, and establish clonal dispersion in care areas. The virulent potential of Candida spp. strains isolated from colonized COVID-19 patients was determined through adhesion tests and the search for genes involved with adherence and invasion. Clonal association was done by analysis of intergenic spacer regions. Six species of Candida were involved as colonizing pathogens in COVID-19 patients. The genotype analysis revealed the presence of adherent and invasive backgrounds. The distribution of clones was identified in the COVID-19 care areas, where C. albicans was the predominant species. Evidence shows that Candida spp. have the necessary genetic tools to be able colonize the lungs, and could be a possible causal agent of coinfections in COVID-19 patients. The detection of dispersion of opportunistic pathogens can be unnoticed by classical epidemiology. Epidemiological surveillance against opportunistic fungal pathogens in COVID-19 patients is an immediate need, since the findings presented demonstrate the potential virulence of Candida spp.

Hipertermia maligna en paciente sometida a mastectomía radical tipo Madden / Malignant hyperthermia in a patient undergoing Madden type radical mastectomy

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio es dar a conocer el manejo anestésico que se proporcionó ante un evento crítico hipertermia maligna (HM) en una mastectomía radical Madden programada de manera electiva, la cual fue manejada con lo que se contaba en ese momento por no tener el fármaco específico (dantroleno) para este tipo de evento HM. El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad compleja, es la primera causa de muerte en la mujer a nivel mundial, ocurre en 70% en países desarrollados. México se encuentra en un nivel intermedio, representa un problema de salud con tendencia a la alta debido al envejecimiento de la población y a mayor prevalencia en factores de riesgo. La HM es un trastorno farmacogenético desencadenado por anestésicos que liberan una masiva acumulación de calcio en el sarcoplasma, que conduce a un metabolismo acelerado y a un incremento en la actividad contráctil del musculoesquelético, llevando a un estado hipermetabólico que genera un incremento en la temperatura corporal llegando a tener secuelas importantes y una alta mortalidad. Se trató de paciente femenino 40 años sin antecedentes relevantes para procedimientos anestésicos, se aplicó anestesia general balanceada, a los 60 minutos presentó datos clínicos que nos sugerían hipertermia maligna, fue manejada con los medios disponibles y se obtuvo un resultado favorable desde el punto de vista de morbimortalidad.

Abstract: The objective of the present is to present the anesthetic management that occurred before a critical event malignant hyperthermia HM) in an electively scheduled Madden radical mastectomy and which was managed with what was available at that time for not having the drug specific (dantrolene) for this type of event HM. Breast cancer is a complex disease, being the leading cause of death in women worldwide, with 70% occurring in developed countries. Mexico is at an intermediate level, being a health problem with a tendency to rise due to the aging of the population. population and higher prevalence of risk factors. Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an anesthetic-triggered pharmacogenetic disorder that triggers a massive accumulation of calcium in the sarcoplasm, leading to accelerated metabolism and increased skeletal muscle contractile activity. Leading to a hypermetabolic state showing an increase in body temperature, leading to significant sequelae and high mortality. It was a 40-year-old female with no relevant history for anesthetic procedures, being managed with balanced general anesthesia at 60 minutes present data clinicians that they suggested malignant hyperthermia, being managed. With the available means, obtaining a favorable result from the point of view of morbidity and mortality.

Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003-2020).

In Mexico, urogenital gonorrhea (UG) is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases notifiable by health systems around the world. Epidemiological data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Mexico indicated that UG was "under control" until 2017. However, international epidemiological reports indicate the increase in incidence due to several factors, including an increase during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors suggest that this phenomenon may occur in developing countries, including Mexico. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze national surveillance data on UG from 2003-2019 and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. An epidemiological study of cases and incidence of UG (2003-2020) was performed in the annual reports issued by the General Directorate Epidemiology in Mexico. Cases and incidence were classified and analyzed by year, sex, age group, and seasons (by temperature). Distribution of UG was carried out using heat maps for the whole country. Ultimately, a seasonal and correlation analysis was performed for UG cases versus temperature. The results showed that the distribution of cases and incidence by sex showed that there was no variation over 14 years. From 2016 onward, a significant increase in UG was observed before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, a significant increase was observed in females aged 24-44 years. A heterogeneous distribution of UG was identified; however, border states were ranked among the top states with elevated incidences and cases. Lastly, the occurrence of UG was associated with temperature, related to summer. The information presented is intended to be useful to promote prevention and to contribute to visualize the distribution of UG over the last 18 years for decision making, and to show one of the consequences of the collapse of epidemiological surveillance of UG during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Longitudinal effects of FTO gene polymorphism on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. "The UP & DOWN study".

The role of polymorphism rs9939609 of the FTO gene has been related with fat mass and cardiovascular risk in adults, but it remains unclear in children and adolescents. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the FTO polymorphism effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk both in cross-sectional analysis and after two-years of follow-up in children and adolescents. A total of 2129 participants were included in this study. The rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped. Body composition measurements, CRF, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were determined at baseline and after two-year of follow-up. Moreover, plasma leptin and adiponectin were also determined as inflammatory markers. Furthermore, an index of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF-I) was calculated. Codominant (TT vs. TA vs. AA) and dominant (AA+AT vs. TT) models were applied for statistical analysis. The results showed a main effect of the FTO genotype on body composition measures in both first and third year (p < 0.05), with lower adiposity in TT compared with AA or AA+AT group. These differences were maintained after accounting for pubertal maturity, sex, age, VO2 max, and MVPA. Moreover, lower leptin level was observed in TT compared to AA+AT group in the third year. An interaction in Gene*Time*Sex was found in height and neck circumference in dominant model (p = 0.047; p = 0.020, respectively). No differences were found in CRF, MVPA nor CVDRF-I between groups. Hence, homozygous TT allele could be a protective factor against weight gain from early childhood.