A Rare Case of Tension Pneumocephalus with Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhea Managed by Endoscopic Trans-Sphenoidal CSF Leak Repair.

Tension Pneumocephalus and spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea are very rare associations in clinical practice. We report a case of 65 years old male with clear rhinorrhea, severe frontal headache, vomiting and lethargy for a week. MR Cisternography and CT Paranasal sinuses showed significant Tension Pneumocephalus with defect in the posterior wall of sphenoid sinus and CSF pooling in the sphenoid sinus. Endoscopic trans-sphenoidal CSF leak repair was done without any delay followed by complete resolution of Tension Pneumocephalus with in 4 post op days. Prompt precise diagnosis and early intervention of Tension Pneumocephalus is vital to avoid neurological complications.

Efficiency of Coriandrum sativum (Linn.) and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) in Enhancing Iron Absorption: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach.

Coriandrum sativum (Linn.) and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) are the common herbs used for culinary purposes in daily life. The chlorophyll pigment in plants is being identified with various medicinal values, whereas iron is an essential micronutrient for the proper metabolism of the human body. The current research has been aimed at predicting the role of C. sativum and P. crispum in enhancing iron absorption via an in vitro approach. C. sativum and P. crispum have been analyzed for their capability of being a source of chlorophyll and iron concentration. The extracts prepared from solvents like carbinol, petroleum ether, and water were subjected to the identification of phytoconstituents through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and the identified compounds were subjected to in silico studies against the iron-binding receptor, transferrin, to depict the binding affinity of the identified compounds. The carbinol extract was then put through in vitro analytical studies in Caco2 cell lines with a concentration of 500 µg/ml. Current research has shown that the leaves of C. sativum and P. crispum are an excellent source of chlorophyll and iron and has also suggested that these herbs efficiently enhance the absorption of iron in human intestinal cells.

FTIR studies, DFT calculations and time domain reflectometry studies on tetrahydrofuran - methanol binary solutions.

FTIR signature of neat tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol (MeOH) and their binary solutions at various molefractions (0.8:0.2 (THF:MeOH), 0.6:0.4, 0.4:0.6 and 0.2:0.8) have been recorded. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have also been carried out on THF, MeOH multimers and possible THF-MeOH complex molecules. The results of FTIR studies and DFT calculations confirm the formation of 1:3 (THF:MeOH) and 1:4 complex structures with (MeOH)O - H⋯O(THF), (MeOH methyl)C - H⋯O(THF) and (THF methylene)C - H⋯O(MeOH) H-bond interactions. (MeOH)O - H⋯O(MeOH) homointeractions among the MeOH trimers and tetramers are stronger than the THF-MeOH heterointeractions in complexes. But, the stability of 1:4 complexes is more than that of the trimers and tetramers as inferred from the interaction energy values obtained by DFT calculations. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) study has also been carried out on the THF-MeOH binary solutions in the frequency range 10 MHz-30 GHz at 298 K. The results of dielectric studies have been correlated with that of FTIR studies and DFT calculations.

Protective efficacy of ellagic acid on glycoproteins, hematological parameters, biochemical changes, and electrolytes in myocardial infarcted rats.

The cardioprotective property of ellagic acid in rats has been reported previously. The present study reveals the protective role of ellagic acid in biochemical parameters including serum iron, plasma iron binding capacity, uric acid, glycoprotein, and electrolytes along with hematological parameters. Rats were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (ISO) (100 mg/kg) for 2 days to induce myocardial infarction. ISO-induced rats showed a significant increase in their levels of serum iron, serum uric acid, and blood glucose, and a significant decrease in their levels of plasma iron binding capacity, serum total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and heart glycogen, when compared with normal control rats. The altered hematological parameters were also observed in ISO-induced rats when compared with normal control rats. Pretreatment with ellagic acid at doses of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg produced significant beneficial effect by returning all the above-mentioned biochemical and hematological parameters to near normal levels.

Preventive effect of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (Alliin) on mitochondrial dysfunction in normal and isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in male Wistar rats: a histopathological study.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the preventive role of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (SACS) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (150 mg/kg) once a day for 2 days. SACS (40 and 80 mg/kg) was given as pretreatment orally daily for a period of 35 days using an intragastric tube. SACS pretreatment significantly lowered thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased the activities of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in myocardial infarcted rats. SACS pretreatment also increased significantly the levels of mitochondrial phospholipids and decreased the levels of mitochondrial cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TGs) and calcium, and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in heart. Further, the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH), NADH-dehydrogenase, and cytochrome C-oxidase were significantly elevated in the mitochondrial fraction of the heart in the SACS-pretreated ISO-induced rats. Oral administration of SACS for a period of 35 days to the normal control rats did not show any significant effect. Histopathological studies of the myocardial tissue showed a protective role of SACS in the myocardial-infarcted rats. The effect at a dose of SACS 80 mg/kg was more effective than the dose 40 mg/kg. The results of the study conclude that SACS protect the mitochondria of the ISO-induced myocardial-infarcted rats.

Protective effect of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (alliin) on glycoproteins and hematology in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in male Wistar rats.

The antihyperlipidemic, antilipoperoxidative and antioxidant effects of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (SACS) in myocardial infarcted rats were reported previously. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the preventive role of SACS on some biochemical parameters, glycoproteins and hematology in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats. Myocardial infarction was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) (150 mg kg(-1)) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. ISO-treated rats showed a significant increase in the levels of serum iron, uric acid and blood glucose, Na(+) and Ca(2+) in the heart and a significant decrease in the levels of plasma iron binding capacity, serum total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, heart K(+) and heart glycogen. The levels/concentrations of glycoproteins in serum and the heart were increased in myocardial infarcted rats. Myocardial infarcted rats also showed a significant increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, neutrophils, platelet count and fibrinogen level and a significant decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, eosinophils, lymphocytes, bleeding, clotting and prothrombin time. Oral pretreatment with SACS (40 and 80 mg kg(-1)) daily for a period of 35 days showed a positive effect on all the biochemical parameters studied in ISO-induced rats. Thus, the study showed the protective effect of SACS on ISO-induced cardiotoxicity in male Wistar rats.

Preventive effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) on lysosomal hydrolases and membrane-bound ATPases in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats.

In this study, S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide (SACS) was used to evaluate its preventive effect in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia in male Wistar rats. Rats were pretreated with SACS (40 and 80 mg kg(-1)) orally for 5 weeks. After the treatment period, ISO (150 mg kg(-1)) was administered subcutaneously to rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. The activities of beta-D-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase increased in serum and heart in ISO-induced rats. In addition, these rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activities of beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin-D in serum and heart and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in their activities in lysosomal fraction of the heart. The activity of Na(+)K(+)-ATPase declined, while those of Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-ATPases significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the heart of ISO-induced rats. Pretreatment with SACS (40 and 80 mg kg(-1)) showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect in all the biochemical parameters studied. The effect at a dose of 80 mg kg(-1) body weight was more effective than that at 40 mg kg(-1) body weight and brought back all the biochemical parameters to near normal levels. Hereby, our study shows the membrane-stabilizing as well as antioxidant effects of SACS in ISO-induced rats.

Antilipoperoxidative and antioxidant effects of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats.

Our study evaluates the preventive effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide (SACS) on lipid peroxidative products and enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats. The male Wistar rats were rendered myocardial infarction by ISO (150 mg kg(-1), once a day for two days). The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides were increased in hearts from ISO-treated rats, whereas the content of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants were declined in rats administered ISO. Oral pretreatment with SACS (40 mg kg(-1) and 80 mg kg(-1) daily for a period of 35 days) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the lipid peroxidative products and significantly (p < 0.05) increased antioxidants in ISO-induced rats. Oral administration of SACS (40 mg kg(-1) and 80 mg kg(-1)) did not show any significant effect in normal rats. Thus, the present study shows that SACS exhibits antilipoperoxidative and antioxidant effects in experimental myocardial infarction.

Preventive effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) on cardiac marker enzymes and lipids in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury.

The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide (SACS) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischaemia in male Wistar rats. Rats were pretreated with SACS (40 and 80 mg kg(-1) body-weight) for 5 weeks. After the treatment period, ISO (150 mg kg(-1) body-weight) was administered subcutaneously to rats at intervals of 24 h for 2 days. The activities of creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transferase were significantly increased in serum and significantly decreased in the hearts of ISO-treated rats. Pretreatment with SACS decreased the activities of these enzymes significantly in serum and significantly increased the activities in heart in ISO-treated rats. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids increased in serum and heart, while the levels of phospholipids increased in serum and decreased in heart in ISO-treated rats. SACS pretreatment showed a significant effect on the lipids studied. The activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase was significantly increased and the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) was significantly reduced in ISO-induced rats. Oral pretreatment with SACS significantly decreased the activity of HMG CoA reductase and significantly increased the activity of LCAT in ISO-induced rats. The levels of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides were increased in ISO-treated rats. Pretreatment with SACS significantly decreased the levels of lipidperoxides in ISO-treated rats. The effect at a dose of 80 mg kg(-1) body-weight was more effective than at a dose of 40 mg kg(-1) body-weight and brought back all the biochemical parameters to near normal levels. Thus our study shows that SACS has a lipid-lowering effect in ISO-induced rats. Our study may have clinical relevance.