[Fermented milk and probiotic foods are an important part of population diet during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].

The problem of increasing the population antiviral immunity is of particular importance during the third year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Concomitant intestinal dysbiosis is known to play an significant role in immune cell dysfunction. Therefore, it is very important to take measures to maintain the gut microbiota using the most affordable nutritional remedies, which include fermented milk and probiotic products designed for mass population consumption and capable of enhancing their immune defence when added to the daily diet. The aim of the study was to analyze scientific evidence highlighting the role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining the macro-organism immunological balance, and to evaluate modern fermented milk and probiotic products in terms of their effect on normalising the gut microbiota and their importance in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods. The presented scientific and analytical review analyzed the data of electronic resources of the Global Health platform, scientific libraries eLIBRARY.RU, Cochrane Library and CyberLeninka, the search system Google Academy¼, specialized sites for scientific publications ScienceDirect and Elsevier, bibliographic databases of articles on medical sciences MEDLINE, CDC infection diseases, Embase and PubMed- NCBI. The structural-logical, analytical and axiomatic methods were used. Results. It has been shown that normal intestinal microbiota takes part in maintaining metabolism in the digestive tract, increases the body's immune reactivity and regulates the functioning of all organs and systems. The severity of dysbiotic disorders can determine susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, the severity of this infection course, as well as the level of post-infection and post-vaccination anti-COVID-19 immunity. The high prevalence of gut dysbacteriosis indicates the need to strengthen measures of correcting dysbiotic disorders, including the inclusion of fermented and probiotic products in the daily population diet. Conclusion. Fermented milk and probiotic products, as sources of easily digestible macronutrients, essential micronutrients, biologically active substances and beneficial live microorganisms, should be included in the daily diet during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to increase the adaptive capacity and immunity of the population.

[Zinc status improving as a pathogenetically grounded platform for maintaining immunity during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].

The problem of increasing immunity has become especially relevant in the conditions of the rapid spread of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. Nowadays it has been proven that a deficiency of certain micronutrients in the diet can disrupt chemical, structural and regulatory processes in the organism, which negatively affects, first of all, the state of immune system. Zinc is one of the most significant essential trace elements affecting immunological resistance. The aim of the study was to substantiate the need of including zinc-containing products and diet supplements in the diet of the population during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the basis of the study of pathogenetic mechanisms of various disorders of the immunological status under zinc deficit. Material and methods. This review analyzes the data from scientific electronic libraries CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY.RU, the Google Scholar databases and bibliographic medical databases MEDLINE and PubMed-NCBI. Results and discussion. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, adequate zinc supply is especially important, due to its antiviral, immunomodulatory and antiapoptotic effects. This element also regulates the severity of the cytokine response, exhibits antibacterial properties and helps to compensate for chronic comorbid diseases, which plays a particularly significant role in preventing severe SARS-CoV-2 and recurrent respiratory diseases. Prevention and correction of zinc deficiency is considered as one of the important measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, aimed at increasing antiviral and general immunity, reducing the systemic inflammatory response and correcting hormonal and metabolic status. Conclusion. The pathogenetically substantiated inclusion of zinc-containing foods and supplements in the diet will enhance the immunity of the population during the SARSCoV- 2 pandemic.

[Pathogenetic aspects of magnesium deficiency in connective tissue dysplasia syndrome].

The problem of connective tissue dysplasia is currently becoming particularly relevant because of significant increase of individuals with characteristic abnormalities in the structure of connective tissue. The lack of some micronutrients, arising during ontogenesis in the organism, can determine a high risk of worsening connective tissue homeostasis. Recently, the decisive role of magnesium deficiency in the progression of this disease has been demonstrated. The aim of the study was to substantiate the need for magnesium diet therapy in individuals with connective tissue dysplasia basing on the study of the pathogenetic significance of magnesium deficiency in this pathology. Material and methods. The electronic resources of the portals PubMed-NCBI, MEDLINE, the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka and the Google Academy were used. Results and discussion. The analysis of the obtained data made it possible to identify fundamentally new provisions on the main mechanisms of the magnesium influence on the metabolic state of all components of connective tissue. It was proved that magnesium deficiency is a predictor of worsening connective tissue homeostasis, increasing in the number of dysplastic symptoms and their severity. This pathogenetically justifies prescribing a balanced diet to patients with connective tissue dysplasia, including products rich in magnesium, taking into account its recommended daily intake, depending on age of patients. Conclusion. Adequate daily intake of magnesium will increase the mechanical properties and functionality of the connective tissue, and should be recommended for patients with connective tissue dysplasia to prevent the development of complications, maintain the quality of life and improve the prognosis for this disease.

Morphological signs of connective tissue dysplasia as predictors of frequent post-exercise musculoskeletal disorders.

BACKGROUND: Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. Changes caused by disorganization of collagen and elastin fibers lead to the inability of withstanding heavy mechanical stress. In clinical practice, diagnosis of these disorders depends on physical and anthropomorphic evaluation. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with frequent post-exercise musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated for CTD. The control group included 36 healthy participants. Both groups were evaluated via therapeutic examination with assessment of anthropometric indicators and physical-physiological evaluation, surveying and gathering of anamnesis. Based on testing results, study participants were evaluated on CTD presence and risk factors. RESULTS: All experimental group patients had connective tissue dysplasia of moderate and severe degree, with a total score of 49.44 ± 13.1. Certain morphological characteristics showed prevalence, allowing to determine pathognomonic predictors of high predisposition to frequent post-exercise musculoskeletal disorders. Back pain (100%), asthenic syndrome and kyphotic spinal deformation (75%), high gothic palate, hypermobility of joints and the auricles, excessive elasticity (63%), varicose veins of the lower extremities (56%) and hemorrhoids (56%), changes in the shape of the legs and temporomandibular joint (50%) showed to be significant clinical factors indicating possible connective tissue dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of these diagnostically significant morphological signs of CTD in humans is a pathognomonic predictor of a high predisposition to frequent injuries. Their early detection helps promote proper appointment of adequate physical activity regimen and develop treatment for the underlying cause.