RESUMO
Tumour associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII have been recognised as potential targets for the treatment of hypoxic tumours. Therefore, considering the high pharmacological potential of the chromene scaffold as selective ligand of the IX and XII isoforms, two libraries of compounds, namely 2H-chromene and 7H-furo-chromene derivatives, with diverse substitution patterns were designed and synthesised. The structure of the newly synthesised compounds was characterised and their inhibitory potency and selectivity towards human CA off target isoforms I, II and cancer-associated CA isoforms IX and XII were evaluated. Most of the compounds inhibit CA isoforms IX and XII with no activity against the I and II isozymes. Thus, while the potency was influenced by the substitution pattern along the chromene scaffold, the selectivity was conserved along the series, confirming the high potential of both 2H-chromene and 7H-furo-chromene scaffolds for the design of isozyme selective inhibitors.
Assuntos
Anidrases Carbônicas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Anidrase Carbônica IX , Anidrases Carbônicas/metabolismo , Anidrase Carbônica I , Anidrase Carbônica II , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/farmacologia , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/química , Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Current therapeutic protocols for the treatment of HIV infection consist of the combination of diverse anti-retroviral drugs in order to reduce the selection of resistant mutants and to allow for the use of lower doses of each single agent to reduce toxicity. However, avoiding drugs interactions and patient compliance are issues not fully accomplished so far. Pursuing on our investigation on potential anti HIV multi-target agents we have designed and synthesized a small library of biphenylhydrazo 4-arylthiazoles derivatives and evaluated to investigate the ability of the new derivatives to simultaneously inhibit both associated functions of HIV reverse transcriptase. All compounds were active towards the two functions, although at different concentrations. The substitution pattern on the biphenyl moiety appears relevant to determine the activity. In particular, compound 2-{3-[(2-{4-[4-(hydroxynitroso)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl} hydrazin-1-ylidene) methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl} benzamide bromide (EMAC2063) was the most potent towards RNaseH (IC50 = 4.5 mM)- and RDDP (IC50 = 8.0 mM) HIV RT-associated functions.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/química , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/antagonistas & inibidores , HIV-1/metabolismo , Ribonuclease H/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiazóis/química , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/química , HIV-1/enzimologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Ligantes , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazóis/síntese químicaRESUMO
A small library of coumarin and their psoralen analogues EMAC10157a-b-d-g and EMAC10160a-b-d-g has been designed and synthesised to investigate the effect of structural modifications on their inhibition ability and selectivity profile towards carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX, and XII. None of the new compounds exhibited activity towards hCA I and II isozymes. Conversely, both coumarin and psoralen derivatives were active against tumour associated isoforms IX and XII in the low micromolar or nanomolar range of concentration. These data further corroborate our previous findings on analogous derivatives, confirming that both coumarins and psoralens are interesting scaffolds for the design of isozyme selective hCA inhibitors.
