[The influence of the institutions on local health councils]. / La influencia de las instituciones en los consejos locales de salud.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influences of the institutions in the operation of the Local Health councils. DESIGN: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study. STUDY SETTING: 02 Primary Health Care services of a municipality in the inland of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: twenty-four members of the Local Health Councils and 4 key informants. METHODS: Supported by the theoretical methodological framework of Institutional Analysis. Data were produced through 28 semi-structured interviews, observation and participation in the activities of the councils and recording in the research diary. Data were organized and analyzed by the process of transcription, transposition and reconstitution. RESULTS: The institutions act in the territories represented by social actors who occupy positions and functions within the Primary Health Care services, evidencing the perpetuation of hierarchization with valorization of the speeches of professionals and managers to the detriment of patients and predominance of bureaucratized meetings. The social actors reproduce the ideals of the collective to which they belong in these spaces. CONCLUSIONS: The health management teams do not recognize the different forces that act in the health territory, however, these forces interfere in the activities performed and in health care. The groups act both in formal spaces through official representatives who meet and discuss issues in collegiate meetings and in informal spaces, and constitute forces in dispute in the health territory.

Time between symptom and testing in relation to familial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Tempo entre o início dos sintomas e a testagem está relacionado à maior transmissão de SARS-CoV-2 entre contatos familiares

Abstract Brazil has a huge number of cases and deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, few studies have dealt with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among familial contacts in Brazil. Here, we report our findings on transmission in a family-based study in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The study, conducted from July to November 2020, comprised 974 individuals with 233 index patients and 741 familial contacts. Familial contacts were evaluated using the rapid COVID-19 Ag ECO and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests immediately after the index patient diagnosis. The antigen-based rapid test was validated in 121 individuals using RT-PCR as the gold standard. Additionally, 30 days later, familial contacts were evaluated for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We found 333 cases of COVID-19 among familial contacts (44.9%). A positive correlation was observed between the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms until the index patient's COVID-19 testing and the number of family contacts infected by SARS-CoV-2. Early SARS-CoV-2 testing and familial contact evaluation are relevant strategies to contain transmission.

Resumo O Brasil apresenta um alto número de casos e óbitos por coronavírus (COVID-19), apesar disso, poucos estudos tratavam da infecção pelo coronavirus-2 causador de síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2) entre contatos familiares no Brasil. Relatamos aqui nossos achados sobre a transmissão de SARS-CoV-2 em um estudo de base familiar de Bauru, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado de julho a novembro de 2020 e compreendeu 974 indivíduos, sendo 233 pacientes índice e 741 contatos familiares. Os contatos familiares foram avaliados por meio do teste rápido COVID-19 Ag ECO Test e RT-PCR imediatamente após o diagnóstico do paciente índice. O uso do teste rápido baseado em antígeno foi validado em 121 indivíduos utilizando RT-PCR como padrão ouro. Adicionalmente, 30 dias após a avaliação inicial, os contatos familiares foram avaliados quanto à presença de anticorpos IgM e IgG contra SARS-CoV-2. Encontramos 333 casos de COVID-19 entre contatos familiares (44,9%). Observamos uma correlação positiva entre o tempo decorrido entre o início dos sintomas e o teste para COVID-19 do paciente índice e o número de contatos familiares infectados por SARS-CoV-2. A testagem precoce da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e a avaliação de contatos familiares são estratégias relevantes para conter a transmissão.

Time between symptom and testing in relation to familial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Brazil has a huge number of cases and deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, few studies have dealt with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among familial contacts in Brazil. Here, we report our findings on transmission in a family-based study in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The study, conducted from July to November 2020, comprised 974 individuals with 233 index patients and 741 familial contacts. Familial contacts were evaluated using the rapid COVID-19 Ag ECO and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests immediately after the index patient diagnosis. The antigen-based rapid test was validated in 121 individuals using RT-PCR as the gold standard. Additionally, 30 days later, familial contacts were evaluated for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We found 333 cases of COVID-19 among familial contacts (44.9%). A positive correlation was observed between the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms until the index patient's COVID-19 testing and the number of family contacts infected by SARS-CoV-2. Early SARS-CoV-2 testing and familial contact evaluation are relevant strategies to contain transmission.

Approaching optimal entangling collective measurements on quantum computing platforms.

Entanglement is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics and holds great promise for enhancing metrology and communications. Much of the focus of quantum metrology so far has been on generating highly entangled quantum states that offer better sensitivity, per resource, than what can be achieved classically. However, to reach the ultimate limits in multi-parameter quantum metrology and quantum information processing tasks, collective measurements, which generate entanglement between multiple copies of the quantum state, are necessary. Here, we experimentally demonstrate theoretically optimal single- and two-copy collective measurements for simultaneously estimating two non-commuting qubit rotations. This allows us to implement quantum-enhanced sensing, for which the metrological gain persists for high levels of decoherence, and to draw fundamental insights about the interpretation of the uncertainty principle. We implement our optimal measurements on superconducting, trapped-ion and photonic systems, providing an indication of how future quantum-enhanced sensing networks may look.

Testamento vital sob a ótica de enfermeiros que assistem pacientes em situação de terminalidade / Living will from the perspective of nurses caring for terminally ill patients / El testamento vital en la perspectiva de los enfermeros que atienden a pacientes terminales

Objetivos: conhecer a representação do Testamento Vital para os enfermeiros que atuam na assistência à pacientes em situação de terminalidade. Métodos:estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em hospital público universitário de alta complexidade localizado na cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil, com 15 enfermeiros que atuam na assistência à pacientes terminais, por meio de entrevista norteada pela questão "Fale a respeito do Testamento Vital". A análise dos dados foi desenvolvida pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: identificou-se três categorias que compõem o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo dos enfermeiros em relação ao testamento vital: "o enfermeiro frente às diretivas antecipadas de vontade"; "o enfermeiro frente à família do paciente em terminalidade" e "o enfermeiro frente ao médico do paciente em terminalidade". Conclusão: o testamento vital representa, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros, a autonomia e o direito do paciente pelas decisões nas situações de terminalidade que devem ser compartilhadas com seus familiares e profissionais de saúde.

Objectives: to know the representation of the living will for nurses working in the care of terminally ill patients. Methods: a qualitative study conducted in a high complexity public university hospital located in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. An interview guided by the question "Talk about the living will" was performed with 15 nurses working in the care of terminally ill patients. Data analysis was performed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject. Results: three categories that make up nurses' Collective Subject Discourse in relation to living wills were identified: "the nurse before advance directives"; "the nurse before the terminally ill patient's family" and "the nurse before the terminally ill patient's physician". Conclusion: from the perspective of nurses, the living will represent the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions in terminally ill situations that must be shared with their family members and health professionals

Objetivos: conocer la representación del Testamento Vital para enfermeros que actúan en el cuidado de enfermos terminales. Métodos: estudio cualitativo realizado en un hospital universitario público de alta complejidad ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Se realizó una entrevista guiada por la pregunta "Hablemos del Testamento Vital" con 15 enfermeros que actúan en el cuidado de pacientes terminales. El análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías que componen el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo de los enfermeros en relación a los testamentos vitales: "el enfermero frente a las directivas anticipadas"; "la enfermera frente a la familia del enfermo terminal" y "la enfermera frente al médico del enfermo terminal". Conclusión: en la perspectiva de los enfermeros, el testamento vital representa la autonomía y el derecho del paciente a tomar decisiones en situaciones terminales que deben ser compartidas con sus familiares y profesionales de la salud.

A Atenção Primária à Saúde e o cuidado aos usuários com COVID-19 nas regiões brasileiras / Primary Health Care and COVID-19 patient care across regions in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo foi caracterizar a atuação da atenção primária à saúde (APS) no cuidado aos usuários com COVID-19, identificando fatores facilitadores e os constrangimentos para a resposta das equipes de APS no enfrentamento à pandemia. Estudo transversal com amostra representativa das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) brasileiras, na forma de inquérito. Participaram do estudo 907 UBS das cinco regiões do país. A coleta de dados foi entre julho e novembro de 2021, por meio de questionário on-line. Os resultados mostram que as UBS das regiões Sul e Sudeste tiveram melhores condições de enfrentamento da pandemia em termos de equipamentos de proteção e estrutura de comunicação e as UBS das regiões Norte e Nordeste tiveram melhor desempenho nas ações relacionadas à vigilância em saúde, atividades educativas, busca ativa de contatos, monitoramento de casos e notificação no sistema de vigilância de síndrome gripal. O processo de vacinação contra a COVID-19 ocorria em 70% das UBS em nível nacional, 28% tiveram que suspender a vacinação da primeira dose por falta do imunizante e 25% da segunda dose. Conclui-se que a APS brasileira realizou importante trabalho no enfrentamento à pandemia apesar das dificuldades decorrentes da ausência de uma coordenação nacional.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the role of PHC in the delivery of care to COVID-19 patients, identifying facilitating factors and constraints to the response of PHC teams to the pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study with a nationally representative sample of primary health care centers (PCCs). A total of 907 PCCs from the country's five regions participated in the study. Data was collected between July and November 2021 using an online survey. The results show that PCCs in the South and Southeast were better prepared to respond to the pandemic in terms of availability of personal protective equipment and communications facilities, while PCCs in the North and Northeast performed better for health surveillance actions, educational activities, contact tracing, case monitoring and notification of cases in the influenza surveillance system. Seventy per cent of PCCs administered COVID-19 vaccines at national level and 28% and 25% had to suspend the first and second doses of the vaccine, respectively. The findings show that primary care services played an important role in the response to the pandemic despite challenges caused by the lack of national coordination.

A new immunochemotherapy schedule for visceral leishmaniasis in a hamster model.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment with a recombinant cysteine proteinase from Leishmania, rldccys1, associated with allopurinol or miltefosine on Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi-infected hamsters. Golden Syrian hamsters infected with L. (L.) infantum chagasi were treated with either miltefosine (46 mg/kg) or allopurinol (460 mg/kg) alone by oral route or associated with rldccys1 (150 µg/hamster) by subcutaneous route for 30 days. Infected hamsters were also treated with miltefosine (46 mg/kg) plus rldccys1 (150 µg/hamster) for 30 days (phase 1) followed by two additional doses of rldccys1 (250 µg/hamster) (phase 2). After the end of treatment, the animals were analyzed for parasite load, body weight, serum levels of immunoglobulins, cytokine expression, and drug toxicity. The data showed a significant decrease of parasite load in infected hamsters treated with allopurinol or miltefosine alone or associated with rldccys1, as well as in those treated with rldccys1 alone. Significantly lower levels of serum IgG were detected in hamsters treated with allopurinol plus rldccys1. The treatment with miltefosine associated with rldccys1 prevented relapse observed in animals treated with miltefosine alone. A significant loss of body weight was detected only in some hamsters treated with miltefosine for 1 month and deprived of this treatment for 15 days. There were no significant differences in transcript expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 in any of treated groups. Neither hepatotoxicity nor nephrotoxicity was observed among controls and treated groups. These findings open perspectives to further explore this immunochemotherapeutic schedule as an alternative for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana: relato de caso de sucesso com tratamento exclusivamente homeopático / American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: case report of successful exclusive homeopathic treatment

A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma doença infecciosa, que evolui com destruição tecidual. O tratamento convencional é associado a efeitos adversos graves que podem resultar em abandono da terapia. Objetivo: Mostrar a homeopatia como uma opção terapêutica para o tratamento da LTA sem submeter o paciente aos efeitos deletérios do tratamento convencional. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de um caso de leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendido em um consultório particular. O paciente havia sido tratado com homeopatia clássica por um longo tempo. A intervenção foi feita por um medicamento individualizado a cada consulta. Vários medicamentos homeopáticos foram administrados, sendo um de cada vez. Resultados: Todas as manifestações da doença, incluindo a úlcera, foram curadas em 5 meses, sem efeitos colaterais e sem sinais de recaída após 12 anos de seguimento. Conclusão: O tratamento homeopático individualizado isoladamente foi eficaz para curar um caso de LTA em apenas alguns meses e seus efeitos permaneceram após 15 anos de seguimento. Ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados são necessários para demonstrar a eficácia do tratamento homeopático.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a tissue destructing, potentially disfiguring vector-borne disease. Conventional treatment is associated with severe adverse effects which might result in dropout. Methods: Case report of an ACL patient presenting with a severe leg ulcer. The patient was followed up at a conventional specialized service but received individualized homeopathic treatment alone. Results: All manifestations of disease including the ulcer were healed in 5 months with no side effects and no signs of relapse after 13-year follow up. Conclusion: Individualized homeopathic treatment alone was effective to heal a case of ACL in just few months, the effects lasting after 15-year follow up. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of the homeopathic treatment for ACL.

Impediments to deprescription in Brazil: overview from a panel of geriatrics experts / Os condicionantes à desprescrição no Brasil: o panorama de um painel de especialistas em geriatria

Objectives: To identify impediments to deprescription among older adults from the perspective of a panel of Brazilian geriatricians. Methods: The Delphi method was used to obtain a consensus among Brazilian geriatricians about the factors that influence the lack of deprescription for older adults in clinical practice. The study was developed in two stages: (i) a survey and description of potential factors involved in deprescription; and (ii) applying the results of the survey to a panel of experts to obtain a consensus. Results: The deprescription process is influenced by the interaction of three pillars of older adult health care: the prescriber, the patient-family, and the health care system. In the professional and health care systems, professional training and communication skills, prolonged clinical follow-up, access to the multidisciplinary team, medical consultations of an adequate time, and unified electronic health records were identified as facilitators of deprescription. In the patient-family pillar, clear facilitators included health literacy, no sensory or cognitive deficits, and a clinical situation of transitional or palliative care. Conclusions: Deprescription is a complex, multifactorial process that requires attention, time, and specific skills and competencies from the attending physician, but it also requires shared decision-making and a health system compatible with a culture of deprescription.

Objetivos: Identificar os fatores condicionantes para a desprescrição em idosos na perspectiva consensual de um grupo de geriatras brasileiros. Metodologia: Foi utilizado o método Delphi para a obtenção de um consenso entre médicos geriatras brasileiros sobre os fatores que condicionam a desprescrição na assistência à saúde do idoso, na prática clínica. O estudo desenvolveu-se em duas etapas: (i) levantamento e descrição dos potenciais fatores envolvidos na prática da desprescrição; e (ii) submissão do levantamento realizado na etapa anterior a um painel de especialistas para a obtenção do consenso. Resultados: O processo de desprescrição é influenciado pela interação de três pilares da assistência à saúde do idoso: o prescritor, o paciente-família e o sistema de saúde. Como elementos de destaque, verificou-se que tanto a capacitação profissional, a habilidade em comunicação e o acompanhamento clínico prolongado do paciente quanto o acesso à equipe multidisciplinar, o tempo adequado para a consulta médica e o registro eletrônico único em saúde foram apontados como facilitadores à desprescrição, conforme os pilares do profissional e do sistema de saúde. Sob o pilar do paciente- família, os facilitadores evidenciados foram a literacia em saúde, a ausência de déficits sensoriais ou cognitivos, a situação clínica de cuidados de transição ou cuidados paliativos. Conclusões: A desprescrição é um processo complexo, multifatorial, que exige atenção, tempo, habilidades e competências específicas do médico assistente, mas requer decisão compartilhada e um sistema de saúde coadunável com a cultura de desprescrever

Interleukin-9 in Immunopathology of Trypanosoma cruzi Experimental Infection.

Chagas' disease is a parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects approximately 8 million people worldwide. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced during immunological responses contributes to disease prognosis and progression. Parasite tissue persistence can induce chronic inflammatory stimuli, which can cause long-term tissue injury and fibrosis. Chronic Chagas' patients exhibit increased levels of interleukin (IL)-9, an important cytokine in the regulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic processes. Data on the role of IL-9 in other pathologies are sometimes contradictory, and few studies have explored this cytokine's influence in Chagas' disease pathology. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of IL-9 in the progression of T. cruzi infection in vivo and in vitro. In vitro infection demonstrated that IL-9 reduced the number of infected cells and decreased the multiplication of intracellular amastigotes in both C2C12 myoblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages. In myoblasts, the increased production of nitric oxide (NO) was essential for reduced parasite multiplication, whereas macrophage responses resulted in increased IL-6 and reduced TGF-ß levels, indicating that parasite growth restriction mechanisms induced by IL-9 were cell-type specific. Experimental infection of BALB/c mice with T. cruzi trypomastigotes of the Y strain implicated a major role of IL-9 during the chronic phase, as increased Th9 and Tc9 cells were detected among splenocytes; higher levels of IL-9 in these cell populations and increased cardiac IL-9 levels were detected compared to those of uninfected mice. Moreover, rIL9 treatment decreased serum IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10 levels and cardiac TNF-α levels, possibly attempting to control the inflammatory response. IL-9 neutralization increased cardiac fibrosis, synthesis of collagens I and III, and mastocyte recruitment in BALB/c heart tissue during the chronic phase. In conclusion, our data showed that IL-9 reduced the invasion and multiplication of T. cruzi in vitro, in both myoblasts and macrophages, favoring disease control through cell-specific mechanisms. In vivo, IL-9 was elevated during experimental chronic infection in BALB/c mice, and this cytokine played a protective role in the immunopathological response during this phase by controlling cardiac fibrosis and proinflammatory cytokine production.

Matrix support in children's mental health in Primary Health Care: institutional socio-clinical intervention research. / Apoio matricial em saúde mental infantojuvenil na Atenção Primária à Saúde: pesquisa intervenção socioclínica institucional.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze matrix support for Family Health Strategy teams in relation to Mental Health in Children and Adolescents. METHOD: This is a research-intervention with a qualitative approach, based on the Institutional Analysis framework, Socio-clinic, carried out with eighteen health workers from two Family Health Strategy and Psychosocial Care Center teams of a small municipality in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, through eleven reflection meetings. RESULTS: The following themes emerged: The dynamics of relations in the FHS territory; Matrix Support as a technological device: unveiling established practices. Subsequently, the results were discussed based on the principles of Institutional Socio-clinic. CONCLUSION: Matrix support in children's mental health, based on Institutional Socio-clinic, favored the deterritorialization of professionals, revealing how mental health care is provided for children and adolescents, and the crossings that occur in the production of this care as well as possible paths to be followed to improve health actions.

HLA-DPB1 and HLA-C alleles are associated with leprosy in a Brazilian population.

Despite intense efforts, the number of new cases of leprosy has remained significantly high over the past 20 years. Host genetic background is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of this disease, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), and there is a consensus that the most significant genetic association with leprosy is attributed to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Here, we investigated the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genes with leprosy in a Brazilian population encompassing 826 individuals from a hyperendemic area of Brazil; HLA typing of class I (-A, -B, -C) and class II (-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1) loci was conducted. Initially, the associations were tested using the chi-square test, with p-values adjusted using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Next, statistically significant signals of the associations were submitted to logistic regression analyses to adjust for sex and molecular ancestry data. The results showed that HLA-C*08, -DPB1*04, and -DPB1*18 were associated with protective effects, while HLA-C*12 and -DPB1*105 were associated with susceptibility to leprosy. Thus, our findings reveal new associations between leprosy and the HLA-DPB1 locus and confirm previous associations between the HLA-C locus and leprosy.

HLA-DPB1 and HLA-C alleles are associated with leprosy in a Brazilian population

Despite intense efforts, the number of new cases of leprosy has remained significantly high over the past 20 years. Host genetic background is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of this disease, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), and there is a consensus that the most significant genetic association with leprosy is attributed to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Here, we investigated the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genes with leprosy in a Brazilian population encompassing 826 individuals from a hyperendemic area of Brazil; HLA typing of class I (-A, -B, -C) and class II (-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1) loci was conducted. Initially, the associations were tested using the chi-square test, with p-values adjusted using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Next, statistically significant signals of the associations were submitted to logistic regression analyses to adjust for sex and molecular ancestry data. The results showed that HLA-C*08, -DPB1*04, and -DPB1*18 were associated with protective effects, while HLA-C*12 and -DPB1*105 were associated with susceptibility to leprosy. Thus, our findings reveal new associations between leprosy and the HLA-DPB1 locus and confirm previous associations between the HLA-C locus and leprosy(AU).

Apoio matricial em saúde mental infantojuvenil na Atenção Primária à Saúde: pesquisa intervenção socioclínica institucional / Matriz de apoyo en salud mental infantil en Atención Primaria de Salud: investigación de intervención socio-clínica institucional / Matrix support in children's mental health in Primary Health Care: institutional socio-clinical intervention research

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o apoio matricial para equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família em relação à Saúde Mental em Crianças e Adolescentes. Método Pesquisa-intervenção de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada pelo referencial da Análise Institucional, a socioclínica, realizada com dezoito trabalhadores de saúde de duas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família e do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de um município de pequeno porte, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, por meio de onze encontros de reflexão. Resultados Foram apresentados a partir dos temas: A dinâmica das relações no território da ESF; O apoio matricial como dispositivo tecnológico: desvelando práticas instituídas. Posteriormente, foi realizada a discussão dos resultados a partir dos princípios da Socioclínica Institucional. Conclusão O apoio matricial em saúde mental infantojuvenil, pautado no referencial da Socioclínica Institucional, favoreceu a desterritorialização dos profissionais, revelando como se dá o cuidado em saúde mental para crianças e adolescentes e os atravessamentos que ocorrem na produção desse cuidado, assim como possíveis caminhos a serem trilhados para aprimorar as ações de saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la matriz de apoyo a los equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia con relación a la Salud Mental en la Niñez y la Adolescencia. Método Investigación-intervención con enfoque cualitativo, con base en el marco de Análisis Institucional, el socioclínico, realizado con dieciocho trabajadores de salud de dos equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia y del Centro de Atención Psicosocial de una pequeña ciudad, ubicada en el interior del estado de São Paulo, a través de once encuentros de reflexión. Resultados Se presentaron a partir de los temas: La dinámica de las relaciones en el territorio de la ESF; El soporte matricial como dispositivo tecnológico: revelando prácticas establecidas. Posteriormente, se discutieron los resultados con base en los principios de Socioclínicas Institucionales. Conclusión La matriz de apoyo en salud mental infantil, con base en el marco Socioclínico Institucional, favoreció la desterritorialización de los profesionales, revelando cómo se brinda la atención en salud mental a la niñez y adolescencia y los cruces que se dan en la producción de este cuidado, así como en lo posible caminos a seguir para mejorar las acciones de salud.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze matrix support for Family Health Strategy teams in relation to Mental Health in Children and Adolescents. Method This is a research-intervention with a qualitative approach, based on the Institutional Analysis framework, Socio-clinic, carried out with eighteen health workers from two Family Health Strategy and Psychosocial Care Center teams of a small municipality in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, through eleven reflection meetings. Results The following themes emerged: The dynamics of relations in the FHS territory; Matrix Support as a technological device: unveiling established practices. Subsequently, the results were discussed based on the principles of Institutional Socio-clinic. Conclusion Matrix support in children's mental health, based on Institutional Socio-clinic, favored the deterritorialization of professionals, revealing how mental health care is provided for children and adolescents, and the crossings that occur in the production of this care as well as possible paths to be followed to improve health actions.

Nursing professor in higher education: time, money and resistance in the management vision / El profesor-enfermero en la educación superior: tiempo, dinero y resistencia en la perspectiva gerencialista / Professor-enfermeiro no ensino superior: tempo, dinheiro e resistência na visão gerencialista

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze university teaching in nursing from an institutional dialectic approach. Method: a qualitative research based on Institutional Socioclinics. Eighteen nursing professors from four regions of Brazil and from six public institutions of higher education participated. For data production, interviews, observations, documentary analyses, individual and collective restitution and use of the research diary were performed. Data was organized for analysis by transcription/translation, recomposition/rearrangement, and final reconstruction/narration. Data analysis was produced from analyzers, based on Socioclinics, Institutional Analysis current of thought, and on the qualitative mode of analysis by questioning and writing. Results: two main analyzers made the institution 'teaching in higher education and the nursing professor' emerge: time-money relation and resistance. Teaching time, increasingly associated with money, in managerialist logic, has formatted the nursing professors as passive subjects in the production of knowledge, induced by the evaluation model of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel and its link to the progression in the university career. In this model, the nursing professor is driven to devote more to research than to teaching. This interferes with teaching conceptions and practices, which are more influenced by managerialism and less grounded in pedagogical theories. Resistance against this model has not yet encountered coping mechanisms. Conclusion: from the analysis produced with the participants, the choices of the nursing professor are so much more grounded in managerialism and so much less based on pedagogical references, especially those arising from dialectical theories. In this sense, resistance is transformed into a movement of adaptation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la docencia universitaria en enfermería a partir de la dialéctica institucional. Método: investigación cualitativa fundamentada en la Socioclínica Institucional. Participaron 18 profesores-enfermeros de cuatro regiones de Brasil y seis establecimientos públicos de educación superior. Para producir los datos se realizaron entrevistas, observaciones, análisis documentales, restituciones individuales y colectivas, además de utilizarse un diario de investigación. La organización de los datos para su análisis se dio mediante la transcripción/traducción de los mismos, su recomposición/reordenamiento, y por su reconstitución/narración final. El análisis de los datos se produjo a partir de analizadores, y se fundamentó en la Socioclínica, una vertiente del Análisis Institucional, y en la modalidad cualitativa de análisis por cuestionamiento y en forma escrita. Resultados: dos analizadores principales hicieron surgir la institución de 'docencia en la educación superior y el profesor-enfermero', a saber: relación tiempo/dinero y resistencia. El tiempo docente, cada vez más asociado al dinero en la lógica gerencialista, ha conformado al profesor-enfermero como un sujeto pasivo en la producción de conocimientos, inducido por el modelo evaluativo de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento para Personal de Nivel Superior y su vínculo con el avance en la carrera universitaria. En ese modelo, el profesor-enfermero está motivado a dedicarse más a la investigación que a la enseñanza. Eso interfiere con las concepciones y prácticas docentes, que quedan más influenciadas por el gerencialismo y menos fundamentadas en teorías pedagógicas. La resistencia contra ese modelo todavía no encontró mecanismos de confrontación. Conclusión: de acuerdo con el análisis elaborado con los participantes, las elecciones de los profesores-enfermeros están tanto más fundamentadas en el gerencialismo como menos basadas en referenciales pedagógicos, especialmente en aquellos devenidos de teorías dialécticas. En este sentido, la resistencia se transforma en un movimiento de adaptación.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a docência universitária em enfermagem a partir da dialética institucional. Método: pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada na Socioclínica Institucional. Participaram 18 professores-enfermeiros de quatro Regiões do Brasil e seis estabelecimentos públicos de educação superior. Para a produção de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas, observações, análises documentais, restituições individuais e coletivas e uso do diário de pesquisa. A organização dos dados para análise se deu pela transcrição/tradução dos mesmos, pela recomposição/rearranjo, e pela reconstituição/narração final. A análise dos dados foi produzida a partir de analisadores, fundamentada na Socioclínica, vertente da Análise Institucional e na modalidade qualitativa de análise por questionamento e pela escrita. Resultados: dois principais analisadores fizeram a instituição 'docência no ensino superior e o professor-enfermeiro' emergir: relação tempo-dinheiro e resistência. O tempo docente, cada vez mais associado ao dinheiro, na lógica gerencialista, tem formatado o professor-enfermeiro como sujeito passivo na produção de conhecimentos, induzido pelo modelo avaliativo da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e seu atrelamento à progressão na carreira universitária. Nesse modelo, o professor-enfermeiro é impulsionado a se dedicar mais à pesquisa do que ao ensino. Isso interfere nas concepções e práticas docentes, que ficam mais influenciadas pelo gerencialismo e menos fundamentadas em teorias pedagógicas. A resistência contra esse modelo não encontrou ainda mecanismos de enfrentamento. Conclusão: pela análise produzida com os participantes, as escolhas dos professores-enfermeiros estão tão mais fundamentadas no gerencialismo e tão menos baseadas em referenciais pedagógicos, notadamente naqueles advindos de teorias dialéticas. Nesse sentido, resistir se transfigura em movimento de adaptar-se.

COVID-19: instruments for the allocation of mechanical ventilators-a narrative review.

After the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic, the elaboration of comprehensive and preventive public policies became important in order to stop the spread of the disease. However, insufficient or ineffective measures may have placed health professionals and services in the position of having to allocate mechanical ventilators. This study aimed to identify instruments, analyze their structures, and present the main criteria used in the screening protocols, in order to help the development of guidelines and policies for the allocation of mechanical ventilators in the COVID-19 pandemic. The instruments have a low level of scientific evidence, and, in general, are structured by various clinical, non-clinical, and tiebreaker criteria that contain ethical aspects. Few instruments included public participation in their construction or validation. We believe that the elaboration of these guidelines cannot be restricted to specialists as this question involves ethical considerations which make the participation of the population necessary. Finally, we propose seventeen elements that can support the construction of screening protocols in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Association between NDO-LID and PGL-1 for leprosy and class I and II human leukocyte antigen alleles in an indigenous community in Southwest Amazon

The frequencies of the Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in the Puyanawa indigenous reserve population and their association with the NDO-LID and ELISA PGL-1 rapid serological test was assessed. This was a cross-sectional study with an epidemiological clinical design conducted in two indigenous communities in the state of Acre, Brazil. Blood was collected in a tube with EDTA to identify HLA alleles and perform serological tests. DNA was obtained using the salting out procedure. The LabType™ technique (One-Lambda-USA) was used for HLA class I (loci A*, B* and C*) and II (loci DRB1*, DQA1* and DQB1*) typing. Allele frequency was obtained by direct count, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association with the NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests. The most frequent alleles in the two communities were: HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*40:02, HLA-DRB1*16:02, HLA-DQA1*05:05 and HLA-DQB1*03:01. The allele HLA-C*04:01 was the most common in the Barão community, and the allele HLA-C*07:01 in Ipiranga. Among individuals who presented seropositivity to the NDO-LID test, the association with alleles HLA-A*02 (43.18% vs 24.8%, p = 0.03, OR = 2.35) and HLA-B*53 (6.83% vs 0.0%, p = 0.03, OR = 8.95) was observed in the Barão community. HLA-B*15 was associated with non-seroconversion to the NDO-LID test in Ipiranga. In both communities, HLA-B*40 and HLA-C*03 were associated with positive serological response to ELISA PGL-1. The HLA class I and II alleles most frequently found in this study have already been described among Terena indigenous groups, and HLA class I contributes to seroconversion to NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests in inhabitants of the Barão and Ipiranga communities(AU).

Association between NDO-LID and PGL-1 for leprosy and class I and II human leukocyte antigen alleles in an indigenous community in Southwest Amazon.

The frequencies of the Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in the Puyanawa indigenous reserve population and their association with the NDO-LID and ELISA PGL-1 rapid serological test was assessed. This was a cross-sectional study with an epidemiological clinical design conducted in two indigenous communities in the state of Acre, Brazil. Blood was collected in a tube with EDTA to identify HLA alleles and perform serological tests. DNA was obtained using the salting out procedure. The LabType™ technique (One-Lambda-USA) was used for HLA class I (loci A*, B* and C*) and II (loci DRB1*, DQA1* and DQB1*) typing. Allele frequency was obtained by direct count, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association with the NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests. The most frequent alleles in the two communities were: HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*40:02, HLA-DRB1*16:02, HLA-DQA1*05:05 and HLA-DQB1*03:01. The allele HLA-C*04:01 was the most common in the Barão community, and the allele HLA-C*07:01 in Ipiranga. Among individuals who presented seropositivity to the NDO-LID test, the association with alleles HLA-A*02 (43.18% vs 24.8%, p=0.03, OR=2.35) and HLA-B*53 (6.83% vs 0.0%, p=0.03, OR=8.95) was observed in the Barão community. HLA-B*15 was associated with non-seroconversion to the NDO-LID test in Ipiranga. In both communities, HLA-B*40 and HLA-C*03 were associated with positive serological response to ELISA PGL-1. The HLA class I and II alleles most frequently found in this study have already been described among Terena indigenous groups, and HLA class I contributes to seroconversion to NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests in inhabitants of the Barão and Ipiranga communities.

Protective Cellular Immune Response Induction for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by a New Immunochemotherapy Schedule.

The palladacycle complex DPPE 1.2 was previously shown to inhibit Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection in vitro and in vivo. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of DPPE 1.2 associated with a recombinant cysteine proteinase, rLdccys1, and the adjuvant Propionibacterium acnes on L. (L.) amazonensis infection in two mouse strains, BALB/c, and C57BL/6. Treatment with this association potentiated the leishmanicidal effect of DPPE 1.2 resulting in a reduction of parasite load in both strains of mice which was higher compared to that found in groups treated with either DPPE 1.2 alone or associated with P. acnes or rLdccys1. The reduction of parasite load in both mice strains was followed by immunomodulation mediated by an increase of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, IFN-γ levels and reduction of active TGF-ß in treated animals. No infection relapse was observed 1 month after the end of treatment in mice which received DPPE 1.2 associated with rLdccys1 or rLdccys1 plus P. acnes in comparison to that exhibited by animals treated with DPPE 1.2 alone. Evaluation of serum levels of AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine showed no alterations among treated groups, indicating that this treatment schedule did not induce hepato or nephrotoxicity. These data indicate the potential use of this association as a therapeutic alternative for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (L) amazonensis.

Percebendo-se como um herói no enfrentamento da dermatite atópica: a percepção do pré-escolar / Realizing as a hero in coping with atopic dermatitis: the preschooler's perception / Darse cuenta como un héroe en el manejo de la dermatitis atópica: la percepción del preescolar

O estudo objetivou compreender a experiência da criança com Dermatite Atópica em relação ao enfrentamento da doença por meio do conteúdo expresso na brincadeira, à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em uma unidade ambulatorial filantrópica em São Paulo-SP, com crianças em fase pré-escolar. Este percebeu que o viver com dermatite atópica é marcado por uma série de restrições. Os resultados permitiram compreender a experiência vivenciada pela criança pré-escolar com dermatite atópica e entender como esta condição interfere em sua vida e na interação com o ambiente à sua volta. O brinquedo mostrou-se como um aliado da criança no enfrentamento da doença e importante ferramenta de coleta de dados, possibilitando à criança expressar-se com liberdade. Este avançou no conhecimento sobre o tema e pode auxiliar o enfermeiro na decisão por ações centradas na criança e em sua perspectiva, contribuindo para aprimorar a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem.(AU)

The research aimed to understand the experience of the child with Atopic Dermatitis in relation to the confrontation of the disease through the content expressed in the game, by the light of Symbolic Interactionism. This is a qualitative research, carried out in a philanthropic outpatient unit in São Paulo, Brazil, with pre-school children. The results allowed us to understand the experience of preschool children with atopic dermatitis and to understand how this condition interferes with their life and their interaction with the environment around them. The therapeutic play proved to be an ally of the child in overcoming his hardships and proved to be an important data collection tool that enables the child to express himself with freedom. It has advanced in the knowledge about the subject and can help nurses in the decision for actions centered on the child and their perspective, contributing to improve the quality of nursing care.(AU)

El estudio objetivó comprender la experiencia del niño con Dermatitis Atópica en relación al enfrentamiento de la enfermedad por medio del contenido expresado en la broma, a la luz del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, realizada en una unidad ambulatorial filantrópica en São Paulo-SP, con niños en fase preescolar. Este percibió que el vivir con dermatitis atópica está marcado por una serie de restricciones. Los resultados permitieron comprender la experiencia vivenciada por el niño preescolar con dermatitis atópica y entender cómo esta condición interfiere en su vida y en la interacción con el ambiente a su alrededor. El juguete se mostró como un aliado del niño en el enfrentamiento de la enfermedad e importante herramienta recolecta de datos, permitiendo al niño expresarse con libertad. Este avanzó en el conocimiento sobre el tema y puede auxiliar al enfermero en la decisión por acciones centradas en el niño y en su perspectiva, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de la asistencia de enfermería.(AU)