Rural atheists in the United States: A critical grounded theory investigation.

The occurrence and impact of antiatheist stigma appear to differ based on the geography and religiousness of the communities in which atheists live (Frazer et al., 2020; Frost et al., 2022). However, few studies have examined the potentially unique experiences of atheists living in parts of the United States (U.S.) designated as rural. Using a critical, grounded theory approach, the present study interviewed 18 rural-residing atheists about their experiences including antiatheist discrimination, outness, and their psychological well-being. Qualitative interviews resulted in five core categories of responses: (a) Harm to Atheists Living in Rural Communities; (b) Anti-Atheist Stigma Complicates Relationships in Rural Communities; (c) Hiding Atheism as a Primary Strategy for Safety in Rural Communities, (d) Personal Advantages that Promote Health and Safety, and (e) Atheism as a Part of a Healthy and Tolerant Worldview. Participants described a heightened danger to their physical safety, a preference for identity concealment, and barriers to access to health-promoting resources like non-religion-affirming health care and community, particularly in the rural Southern United States. However, conversely, participants also described the health benefits of their nonreligious worldview in the context of the challenges of living as an atheist in a rural community. Implications for future research and recommendations for clinical practice are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Sexuality training in counseling psychology: A mixed-methods study of student perspectives.

Counseling psychologists are a cogent fit to lead the movement toward a sex-positive professional psychology (Burnes et al., 2017a). Though centralizing training in human sexuality (HS; Mollen & Abbott, 2021) and sexual and reproductive health (Grzanka & Frantell, 2017) is congruent with counseling psychologists' values, training programs rarely require or integrate comprehensive sexuality training for their students (Mollen et al., 2020). We employed a critical mixed-methods design in the interest of centering the missing voices of doctoral-level graduate students in counseling psychology in the discussion of the importance of human sexuality competence for counseling psychologists. Using focus groups to ascertain students' perspectives on their human sexuality training (HST) in counseling psychology, responses yielded five themes: (a) HST is integral to counseling psychology training, (b) few opportunities to gain human sexuality competence, (c) inconsistent training and self-directed learning, (d) varying levels of human sexuality comfort and competence, and (e) desire for integration of HST. Survey responses suggested students were trained on the vast majority of human sexuality topics at low levels, consistent with prior studies surveying training directors in counseling psychology and at internship training sites (Abbott et al., 2021; Mollen et al., 2020). Taken together, results suggested students see HST as aligned with the social justice emphasis in counseling psychology but found their current training was inconsistent, incidental rather than intentional, and lacked depth. Recommendations, contextualized within counseling psychology values, are offered to increase opportunities for and strengthen HST in counseling psychology training programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).