Peach Palm Fruit (Bactris gasipaes) Peel: A Source of Provitamin A Carotenoids to Develop Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems.

The peach palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes) peel is a byproduct after fruit consumption. The peel flour of two varieties (yellow and red) was separately obtained by hot air drying and was subsequently milled. The proximate analysis showed that the red variety exhibited higher protein, fat, and fiber contents than the yellow one. A higher carotenoid (836.5 ± 24.5 µg/g), phenolic compounds (83.17 ± 1.76 mg GAE/100 g), and provitamin A activity (33.10 ± 0.83 µg retinol/g) were found in the cooked red variety. The carotenoid and phenolic compositions were analyzed by HPLC-PDA-MS, finding ß-carotene and γ-carotene to be major compounds. The effect of thermal treatment increased the amount of these provitamin A carotenoids and lycopene, which were detected only in the red variety. Among phenolic compounds, procyanidin dimer (isomer I), feruloyl quinic acid, and several apigenin C-hexosides were identified as major constituents of peach palm epicarp. A carotenoid-rich emulsion-based delivery system was obtained after the optimization (RSM model) of carotenoid extraction with ultraturrax and sunflower oil and further development of an ultrasound-assisted emulsion. The best conditions for a stable emulsion were 73.75% water, 25% carotenoid-rich oil extract, 1.25% emulsifiers, and 480 W of ultrasonic power for 5 min. The optimized emulsion had a total carotenoid content of 67.61 µg/g, Provitamin A activity of 3.23 ± 0.56 µg RAE/g, droplet size of 502.23 nm, polydispersity index of 0.170, and zeta potential of -32.26 mV. This emulsion was chemically and physically stable for 35 days at 30 ± 2 °C, showing potential as a food additive with biofunctional properties. The strategy here developed is an economical and environmentally friendly process that allows the reuse of the byproduct of B. gasipaes.

Construção e validação de material educativo para promoção da alimentação complementar infantil / Construction and validation of educational material to promote complementary infant feeding

A introdução alimentar inadequada pode resultar em consequências danosas para a saúde infantil, o que ressalta a importância da utilização de métodos direcionados para a promoção da alimentação adequada aos menores de dois anos. Neste estudo apresenta-se o processo de construção e validação de uma cartilha educativa para promoção da alimentação complementar às crianças menores de dois anos de idade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, de validação, realizada na cidade de Picos - Piauí. A cartilha foi construída com base em diagnóstico situacional e publicações. A validação do conteúdo se deu mediante consulta realizada a especialistas nas áreas de interesse e às mães com filhos menores de dois anos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município. A cartilha foi validada quanto ao seu conteúdo, linguagem e ilustrações pelos juízes, apresentando Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,87 e, quanto à sua organização, estilo de escrita, aparência e motivação, apresentando 94,93% de aprovação do público-alvo. Dessa forma, a tecnologia educativa desenvolvida mostrou-se um material que pode ser utilizado como ferramenta estratégica para a promoção da saúde de menores de dois anos de idade por meio do incentivo a hábitos alimentares saudáveis.

Inadequate food introduction can result in harmful consequences for children's health, which highlights the importance of using methods aimed at promoting adequate food for children under two years of age. This study presents the construction and validation process of an educational booklet to promote complementary feeding for children under two years of age. This is a methodological research, validation, carried out in the city of Picos - Piauí. The booklet was built based on situational diagnosis and publications. Content validation was carried out through consultation with specialists in the areas of interest and mothers with children under two years of age, in Basic Health Units in the municipality. The booklet was validated for its content, language and illustrations by the judges, presenting a global Content Validity Index of 0.87 and for its organization, writing style, appearance and motivation, presenting 94.93% approval from the target audience. Thus, the educational technology developed proved to be a material that can be used as a strategic tool for promoting the health of children under two years of age by encouraging healthy eating habits.

Effect of carotenoid pigments extracted from papaya epicarp (Carica papaya) on the characteristics of Frankfurt sausages

The industrialization of papaya generates a large amount of organic waste, which is rich in antioxidant compounds, especially carotenoids. The purpose of the present article was to study the influence of carotenoid pigments extracted from the papaya epicarp as a partial substitute for nitrites in Frankfurt sausages. Four concentrations of lipid extract of papaya epicarp were analyzed in said sausages. While the control sample had 0 % substitution, 25 %, 50 % and 75 % substitution of nitrite was added to the other samples. The sausages were kept at 6 ± 2 °C for 30 days. The chemical composition, pH, water holding capacity, water activity, emulsion stability, color coordinates, texture profile and sensory appearance were analyzed, and for the sausage that presented the best physicochemical parameters, the stability in the time at 0, 10, 20 and 30 days of storage. It was obtained that adding the papaya epicarp extract to a concentration of 25 % did not affect the physicochemical parameters. In addition, the texture and color characteristics, as well as the sensory evaluation showed the best results for said concentration, guaranteeing stability up to a period of 30 days of storage under vacuum packing conditions and under refrigeration (6 ± 2 °C). A new alternative is proposed to minimize the negative action of nitrites in analyzed Frankfurt sausages, replacing them with antioxidant compounds obtained from a raw material of vegetable origin.

La industrialización de la papaya genera residuos orgánicos, ricos en compuestos antioxidantes, especialmente, en carotenoides. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estudiar la influencia de los pigmentos carotenoides extraídos de epicarpio de la papaya, como sustituto parcial de los nitritos en salchichas Frankfurt. En dichos embutidos, se analizaron cuatro concentraciones de extracto lipídico de epicarpio de papaya; mientras que la mezcla control tenía 0 % de sustitución, se añadió 25, 50 y 75 % de reemplazo de nitrito a las otras muestras. Las salchichas se mantuvieron a 6 ± 2 °C durante 30 días. Se analizó la composición química, el pH, la capacidad de retención de humedad, la actividad de agua, la estabilidad de la emulsión, las coordenadas de color, el perfil de textura y la apariencia sensorial y para el embutido que presentó los mejores parámetros fisicoquímicos, la estabilidad en el tiempo a 0, 10, 20 y 30 días de almacenamiento. Se obtuvo que la adición del extracto de epicarpio de papaya a una concentración del 25 % no afectó los parámetros fisicoquímicos. Además, las características de textura y color, así como la evaluación sensorial, mostraron los mejores resultados para dicha concentración, garantizando la estabilidad, hasta un periodo de 30 días de almacenamiento, en condiciones de envasado al vacío y en refrigeración (6 ± 2°C). Se propone una nueva alternativa para minimizar la acción negativa de los nitritos en las salchichas Frankfurt, sustituyéndolos por compuestos antioxidantes, obtenidos a partir de una materia prima de origen vegetal.

Confiabilidade teste-reteste de um protocolo de coleta do sinal eletromiográfico do músculo masseter em indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular / Test-retest reliability of a protocol for recording the electromyographic signal from the masseter muscle on patients with temporomandibular disorders

Introdução: A eletromiografia (EMG) tem sido utilizada para avaliar alterações no sistema mastigatório proporcionada pela disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Objetivos: Verificar a confiabilidade teste-reteste de um protocolo de coleta do sinal EMG do músculo masseter em indivíduos com DTM. Métodos: Estudo transversal composto por 20 indivíduos com DTM. Os testes foram realizados em duas sessões com 7 dias de intervalo. O sinal EMG foi avaliado pelas variáveis integral (iEMG) e a raiz quadrada da média do sinal (RMS). Resultados: Na análise intradia a confiabilidade para o RMS (ICC2,k: 0.85 a 0.96 ) e iEMG ICC2,k: 0.85 a 0.95) foi excelente, enquanto que a confiabilidade teste/reteste foi pobre para ambas as variáveis RMS (ICC2,1: 0.03 a 0.29) e iEMG (ICC2,1: 0.08 a 0.39). Conclusões: O protocolo de coleta do sinal EMG do músculo masseter em indivíduos com DTM demonstrou que os dados são reprodutíveis somente na mesma sessão de coletas enquanto que, para coletas em dias alternados a confiabilidade foi pobre.

Introduction: Electromyography (EMG) has been used to assess alterations in the masticatory system caused by temporomandybular disorders (TMD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify the test-retest reliability of a protocol for recording the EMG signal from masseter muscle in TMD patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 20 individuals with TMD. Tests were performed in two sessions 7 days apart. The EMG signal was evaluated by the variables integral (iEMG) and the root mean square of the signal (RMS). Results: In the intraday analysis the reliability for the RMS (ICC2,k: 0.85 to 0.96) and iEMG (ICC2,k: 0.85 to 0.95) was excellent, while the test/retest reliability was poor for both RMS (ICC2,1: 0.03 to 0.29) and iEMG (ICC2,1: 0.08 to 0.39) variables. Conclusions: The protocol for collecting the EMG signal from the masseter muscle in an individual with TMD demonstrated that the data are reproducible only in the same recording session, whereas for c recording on alternate days, the reliability was poor.

AAV-mediated neuronal expression of an scFv antibody selective for Aß oligomers protects synapses and rescues memory in Alzheimer models.

The accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-ß peptide (AßOs) in the brain has been implicated in synapse failure and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we initially show that treatment with NUsc1, a single-chain variable-fragment antibody (scFv) that selectively targets a subpopulation of AßOs and shows minimal reactivity to Aß monomers and fibrils, prevents the inhibition of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices and memory impairment induced by AßOs in mice. As a therapeutic approach for intracerebral antibody delivery, we developed an adeno-associated virus vector to drive neuronal expression of NUsc1 (AAV-NUsc1) within the brain. Transduction by AAV-NUsc1 induced NUsc1 expression and secretion in adult human brain slices and inhibited AßO binding to neurons and AßO-induced loss of dendritic spines in primary rat hippocampal cultures. Treatment of mice with AAV-NUsc1 prevented memory impairment induced by AßOs and, remarkably, reversed memory deficits in aged APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Alzheimer's disease model mice. These results support the feasibility of immunotherapy using viral vector-mediated gene delivery of NUsc1 or other AßO-specific single-chain antibodies as a potential therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease.

ARTHROSCOPIC FOOT AND ANKLE SURGERY: BRAZILIAN SURGEON PROFILE.

Objective: To study the profile of the practice of arthroscopy among ankle and foot surgeons in Brazil and its evolution in recent years. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, using a survey sent to all members of the Associação Brasileira de Medicina e Cirurgia do Tornozelo e Pé (ABTPé) in 2017 and 2019. Results: In total, 75 surgeons participated in 2017 and 82 in 2019 and most had over 10 years of experience. Of these, 56 participants in 2017 (75%) and 68 in 2019 (82%) used arthroscopy. The number of specialists with no to five years of experience (p = 0.027) and who learned the technique during fellowship (p = 0.007) increased. The use of the 4.0 mm optics and 30° optics (p = 0.040) increased whereas the routine use of traction (p = 0.049) and radiofrequency (p = 0.002) decreased. The main pathology treated with anterior ankle arthroscopy was bone injury. The most frequent complication was neuropraxia. Conclusion: Most of the foot and ankle surgeons who use arthroscopy have more than 10 years of experience, performed anterior access, and are concentrated in the Southeast region of the country. The number of younger surgeons who learned the technique during fellowship increased. Level of Evidence III, Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

Objetivo: Mostrar o perfil da prática da artroscopia entre cirurgiões de tornozelo e pé no Brasil e sua evolução nos últimos anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, realizado por meio de questionário eletrônico enviado para todos os membros da Associação Brasileira de Medicina e Cirurgia do Tornozelo e Pé (ABTPé) em 2017 e 2019. Resultados: Obtivemos 75 respondentes em 2017 e 82 em 2019; a maioria tinha mais de 10 anos de experiência. Dos respondentes, 56 realizavam artroscopia em 2017 (75%) e 68 em 2019 (82%). Foi observado aumento no número de especialistas com até 5 anos de experiência (p = 0,027) e que aprenderam a técnica durante o estágio de especialização (p = 0,007). Houve aumento no uso da ótica de 4,0 mm e 30° de angulação (p = 0,040), e diminuição do uso rotineiro de tração (p = 0,049) e de radiofrequência (p = 0,002). A principal patologia tratada com artroscopia anterior do tornozelo foi o impacto ósseo, e a complicação mais frequente foi a neuropraxia. Conclusão: A maioria dos cirurgiões de pé e tornozelo que utiliza artroscopia tem mais de 10 anos de experiência, usa o acesso anterior e concentra-se na região Sudeste do país. Foi observado aumento no número de cirurgiões mais novos e que aprenderam a técnica durante o estágio de especialização. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Transversal Comparativo.

Body dissatisfaction, drug use, and associated factors among adolescents in three Brazilian cities. / Insatisfação com a imagem corporal, uso de drogas e fatores associados entre adolescentes em três cidades brasileiras.

OBJECTIVE: analyze the association between drug use and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in three Brazilian cities. METHOD: cross-sectional study, using a nested randomized controlled trial to evaluate the drug use prevention program #TamoJunto2.0 of the Ministry of Health in Brazilian schools. The sample consisted of 5,213 students from 73 schools in three Brazilian cities. The outcome body satisfaction was analyzed using the Stunkard scale and the explanatory variables were drug use and sociodemographic data. RESULTS: the adolescents were between 12 and 14 years old; about 69.9% of them reported body dissatisfaction, and 35.67% used alcohol in the previous year. Dissatisfaction due to overweight was higher among girls (41.5%) and dissatisfaction due to underweight was higher among boys (33.1%). Adolescents who used marijuana were 39% (OR=1.39) more likely to feel dissatisfied due to underweight and being a girl increased the chances of feeling dissatisfied due to overweight by 24% (OR=1.24). CONCLUSION: the levels of body dissatisfaction deserve attention in hebiatric nursing care and reinforce the importance of educational strategies addressing body image and drug use, relating them to the various subjective attributes that can affect the health of adolescents, whether in the community or at school.(1) High prevalence of body dissatisfaction related to overweight. (2) Girls presented 24% more chances of feeling body dissatisfaction due to overweight. (3) Marijuana use in adolescence can increase by 39% body dissatisfaction due to underweight. (4) Last year, about 35.7% of adolescents had already consumed alcohol. (5) Health promotion and stimulation of positive perceptions of self-image.

Relação entre maturação sexual e indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos em adolescentes / Relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar a relação entre a maturação sexual com indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos de adolescentes. Estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado entre 2018 e 2020, com 345 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Coletou-se variáveis sociodemográficas e antropométricas, pressão arterial e maturação sexual. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais, que gerou três componentes e, posteriormente, testou-se a correlação entre a maturação sexual e os componentes gerados. A maioria dos adolescentes eram do sexo feminino (53%), normotensos (66,1%) e com peso normal (73%). Houve correlação positiva entre o desenvolvimento das mamas com o componente 1 e o componente 2, e correlação negativa entre mamas e o componente 3. Nos meninos, o desenvolvimento dos genitais e pelos pubianos estiveram positivamente correlacionados com o componente 2 e inversamente correlacionados com o componente 3. Conclui-se que existe relação entre a maturação sexual e os indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos, sendo variáveis representativas de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes, mesmo que não em sua totalidade.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers. This was a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with 345 teenagers, aged 10 to 19 years, between 2018 and 2020. In this study, data referent to sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, blood pressure, and sexual maturation were collected. The data analysis was performed by applying the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which generated three components and then tested the correlation between sexual maturation and the generated components. Most of the teenagers were female (53%), normotensive (66.1%), and with a normal weight (73%). A positive correlation was found between breast development and component 1 and component 2, as well as a negative correlation between the breasts and component 3. In the boys, the development of genitals and pubic hair was positively correlated with component 2 and inversely correlated with component 3. It could therefore be concluded that there is a relationship between sexual maturation and the anthropometric and blood pressure indicators, which proved to be representative variables for cardiovascular risk in teenagers, even if not in their entirety.

Relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers. / Relação entre maturação sexual e indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos em adolescentes.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers. This was a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with 345 teenagers, aged 10 to 19 years, between 2018 and 2020. In this study, data referent to sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, blood pressure, and sexual maturation were collected. The data analysis was performed by applying the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which generated three components and then tested the correlation between sexual maturation and the generated components. Most of the teenagers were female (53%), normotensive (66.1%), and with a normal weight (73%). A positive correlation was found between breast development and component 1 and component 2, as well as a negative correlation between the breasts and component 3. In the boys, the development of genitals and pubic hair was positively correlated with component 2 and inversely correlated with component 3. It could therefore be concluded that there is a relationship between sexual maturation and the anthropometric and blood pressure indicators, which proved to be representative variables for cardiovascular risk in teenagers, even if not in their entirety.

Objetivou-se investigar a relação entre a maturação sexual com indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos de adolescentes. Estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado entre 2018 e 2020, com 345 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Coletou-se variáveis sociodemográficas e antropométricas, pressão arterial e maturação sexual. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais, que gerou três componentes e, posteriormente, testou-se a correlação entre a maturação sexual e os componentes gerados. A maioria dos adolescentes eram do sexo feminino (53%), normotensos (66,1%) e com peso normal (73%). Houve correlação positiva entre o desenvolvimento das mamas com o componente 1 e o componente 2, e correlação negativa entre mamas e o componente 3. Nos meninos, o desenvolvimento dos genitais e pelos pubianos estiveram positivamente correlacionados com o componente 2 e inversamente correlacionados com o componente 3. Conclui-se que existe relação entre a maturação sexual e os indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos, sendo variáveis representativas de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes, mesmo que não em sua totalidade.

Estratégias desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro na promoção da saúde às juventudes: concepções sobre medicalização e saúde / Estrategias desarrolladas por enfermeros en la promoción de la salud a los jóvenes: conceptos sobre medicalización y salud / Strategies developed by nurses in health promotion to youths: concepts about medicalization and health

Objetivo: desvelar as estratégias desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro na promoção da saúde às juventudes. Métodos: Pesquisa-Ação realizada com 34 jovens com idades entre 15 a 29 anos. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir do círculo de conversação e entrevista de aprofundamento. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática. Resultados: na categoria Medicalização em saúde e a ruptura de paradigmas: o enfermeiro no território do cuidado os jovens expressaram pluralidades em sentidos e vivências nos modos de pensar e agir. A medida que as estratégias educativas são desempenhadas o discurso pautado no modelo biomédico vai dando espaço a percepção sobre a importância dos modelos de cuidado evidenciados nas estratégias de promoção da saúde. Conclusão: uma abordagem dialógica e acolhedora, por meio de estratégias educativas, possibilita a promoção da saúde e fortalece os vínculos criados nos espaços de atenção à saúde, considerando, sobretudo, o protagonismo desses jovens(AU)

Objective: to unveil the strategies developed by nurses in promoting health to youths. Methods: Action Research carried out with 34 young people aged between 15 and 29 years. Data collection was done through the conversation circle and in-depth interview. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: in the category Medicalization in health and the rupture of paradigms: the nurse in the territory of care, young people expressed pluralities in meanings and experiences in ways of thinking and acting. As educational strategies are carried out, the discourse based on the biomedical model gives space to the perception of the importance of care models highlighted in health promotion strategies. Conclusion: a dialogic and welcoming approach, through educational strategies, enables health promotion and strengthens the bonds created in health care spaces, considering, above all, the protagonism of these young people(AU)

Objetivo: desvelar las estrategias desarrolladas por enfermeros en la promoción de la salud de los jóvenes. Métodos: Investigación Acción realizada con 34 jóvenes de entre 15 y 29 años. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la rueda de conversación y la entrevista en profundidad. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis temático. Resultados: en la categoría Medicalización en salud y ruptura de paradigmas: el enfermero en el territorio del cuidado, los jóvenes expresaron pluralidades de significados y experiencias en los modos de pensar y actuar. A medida que se realizan estrategias educativas, el discurso basado en el modelo biomédico da espacio a la percepción de la importancia de los modelos de atención destacados en las estrategias de promoción de la salud. Conclusión: un abordaje dialógico y acogedor, a través de estrategias educativas, posibilita la promoción de la salud y fortalece los vínculos creados en los espacios de atención a la salud, considerando, sobre todo, el protagonismo de estos jóvenes(AU)

Effect of temperature and particle size on physicochemical and techno-functional properties of peach palm peel flour (Bactris gasipaes, red and yellow ecotypes).

In this study, the effect of temperature and particle size on the techno-functional properties of the flour from peach palm fruit peels (Bactris gasipaes, red and yellow ecotype) were evaluated. The flour from peach palm epicarp obtained by natural convective drying was physicochemically characterized, including the assessment of total dietary fiber determined under the gravimetric enzymatic method. The results obtained showed that temperature and particle size present a significant effect (p < 0.001) on techno-functional properties except for swelling capacity. The flour from the red ecotype presented better nutritional: total dietary fiber 47.93 ± 1.72%, protein 6.87 ± 0.15% and techno-functional properties: water retention capacity (WRC) 7.13 ± 0.29 g/g, oil retention capacity (ORC) 6.24 ± 0.08 g/g, emulsifier activity (EA) 56.84 ± 0.28%, emulsifier stability (ES) 50.33 ± 0.31% than the yellow one water absorption capacity (WAC) 5.31 ± 0.03 g/g and water solubility (WS) 59.58 ± 0.04% at 60 °C and 0.25 mm. Therefore, this study showed that the flour obtained from peach palm fruit peels contains high fiber and protein values and could be used as a promising natural additive (source of dietary fiber or emulsifier) for the food industry.

Arthroscopic foot and ankle surgery: brazilian surgeon profile / Cirurgia artroscópica do pé e tornozelo: perfil do cirurgião brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the profile of the practice of arthroscopy among ankle and foot surgeons in Brazil and its evolution in recent years. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, using a survey sent to all members of the Associação Brasileira de Medicina e Cirurgia do Tornozelo e Pé (ABTPé) in 2017 and 2019. Results: In total, 75 surgeons participated in 2017 and 82 in 2019 and most had over 10 years of experience. Of these, 56 participants in 2017 (75%) and 68 in 2019 (82%) used arthroscopy. The number of specialists with no to five years of experience (p = 0.027) and who learned the technique during fellowship (p = 0.007) increased. The use of the 4.0 mm optics and 30° optics (p = 0.040) increased whereas the routine use of traction (p = 0.049) and radiofrequency (p = 0.002) decreased. The main pathology treated with anterior ankle arthroscopy was bone injury. The most frequent complication was neuropraxia. Conclusion: Most of the foot and ankle surgeons who use arthroscopy have more than 10 years of experience, performed anterior access, and are concentrated in the Southeast region of the country. The number of younger surgeons who learned the technique during fellowship increased. Level of Evidence III, Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mostrar o perfil da prática da artroscopia entre cirurgiões de tornozelo e pé no Brasil e sua evolução nos últimos anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, realizado por meio de questionário eletrônico enviado para todos os membros da Associação Brasileira de Medicina e Cirurgia do Tornozelo e Pé (ABTPé) em 2017 e 2019. Resultados: Obtivemos 75 respondentes em 2017 e 82 em 2019; a maioria tinha mais de 10 anos de experiência. Dos respondentes, 56 realizavam artroscopia em 2017 (75%) e 68 em 2019 (82%). Foi observado aumento no número de especialistas com até 5 anos de experiência (p = 0,027) e que aprenderam a técnica durante o estágio de especialização (p = 0,007). Houve aumento no uso da ótica de 4,0 mm e 30° de angulação (p = 0,040), e diminuição do uso rotineiro de tração (p = 0,049) e de radiofrequência (p = 0,002). A principal patologia tratada com artroscopia anterior do tornozelo foi o impacto ósseo, e a complicação mais frequente foi a neuropraxia. Conclusão: A maioria dos cirurgiões de pé e tornozelo que utiliza artroscopia tem mais de 10 anos de experiência, usa o acesso anterior e concentra-se na região Sudeste do país. Foi observado aumento no número de cirurgiões mais novos e que aprenderam a técnica durante o estágio de especialização. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Transversal Comparativo.

Insatisfação com a imagem corporal, uso de drogas e fatores associados entre adolescentes em três cidades brasileiras / Body dissatisfaction, drug use, and associated factors among adolescents in three Brazilian cities / Insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, uso de drogas y factores asociados entre adolescentes en tres ciudades brasileñas

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a associação entre uso de drogas e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes em três cidades brasileiras. Método: estudo transversal, aninhado em um ensaio controlado randomizado para avaliar o programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas em escolas brasileiras #TamoJunto2.0 do Ministério da Saúde. A amostra foi de 5.213 alunos de 73 escolas de três cidades brasileiras. O desfecho satisfação corporal foi analisado por meio da escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard e as variáveis explicativas foram o uso de drogas e dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: os adolescentes tinham entre 12 e 14 anos e cerca de 69,9% relataram insatisfação corporal, e no último ano 35,67% utilizaram álcool. A insatisfação por sobrepeso foi maior nas meninas (41,5%) e por baixo peso nos meninos (33,1%). Os adolescentes que usavam maconha apresentaram 39% (OR=1,39) mais chance de insatisfação por baixo peso e ser menina aumentou em 24% (OR=1,24) as chances de insatisfação por sobrepeso. Conclusão: os níveis de insatisfação corporal merecem atenção no cuidado de enfermagem hebiátrica e reforçam a necessidade de estratégias educativas abordando a imagem corporal e uso de drogas, a relacionando aos vários atributos subjetivos que podem afetar a saúde dos adolescentes, seja na comunidade ou escola.

Abstract Objective: analyze the association between drug use and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in three Brazilian cities. Method: cross-sectional study, using a nested randomized controlled trial to evaluate the drug use prevention program #TamoJunto2.0 of the Ministry of Health in Brazilian schools. The sample consisted of 5,213 students from 73 schools in three Brazilian cities. The outcome body satisfaction was analyzed using the Stunkard scale and the explanatory variables were drug use and sociodemographic data. Results: the adolescents were between 12 and 14 years old; about 69.9% of them reported body dissatisfaction, and 35.67% used alcohol in the previous year. Dissatisfaction due to overweight was higher among girls (41.5%) and dissatisfaction due to underweight was higher among boys (33.1%). Adolescents who used marijuana were 39% (OR=1.39) more likely to feel dissatisfied due to underweight and being a girl increased the chances of feeling dissatisfied due to overweight by 24% (OR=1.24). Conclusion: the levels of body dissatisfaction deserve attention in hebiatric nursing care and reinforce the importance of educational strategies addressing body image and drug use, relating them to the various subjective attributes that can affect the health of adolescents, whether in the community or at school.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre uso de drogas y la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal de adolescentes en tres ciudades brasileñas. Método: estudio transversal, anidado en un ensayo controlado aleatorio para evaluar el programa de prevención del uso de drogas en escuelas brasileñas #TamoJunto2.0 del Ministerio de la Salud. La muestra fue de 5.213 alumnos de 73 escuelas de tres ciudades brasileñas. El desenlace satisfacción corporal se analizó mediante la escala de Siluetas de Stunkard y las variables explicativas fueron el consumo de drogas y los datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: los adolescentes tenían entre 12 y 14 años y alrededor del 69,9% relató insatisfacción corporal, y en el último año el 35,67% consumió alcohol. La insatisfacción por sobrepeso fue mayor en las niñas (41,5%) y por bajo peso en los niños (33,1%). Los adolescentes que consumían marihuana tenían un 39% (OR=1,39) más de probabilidades de estar insatisfechos con el bajo peso y ser niña aumentó en un 24% (OR=1,24) las chances de insatisfacción por sobrepeso. Conclusión: los niveles de insatisfacción corporal merecen atención en el cuidado de enfermería hebiátrica y refuerzan la necesidad de estrategias educativas abordando la imagen corporal y el uso de drogas, relacionándola a los varios atributos subjetivos que pueden afectar la salud de los adolescentes, ya sea en la comunidad o en la escuela.

Effect of Adding Guava (Psidium guajava) Epicarp Extract Flour on the Physicochemical, Textural, Colour and Sensory Properties of Frankfurters.

RESEARCH BACKGROUND: The industrial transformation of tropical fruits, and in particular guava, generates a large quantity of by-products that are generally disposed of as organic waste. In these by-products a large quantity of bioactive substances is concentrated, such as carotenoids, which can be used for the partial substitution of nitrites in meat sausages without affecting their physicochemical, colour and conservation characteristics. Although there are some studies in this regard, there is still a lack of research, especially on guava residues, to verify this hypothesis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the components of the guava epicarp extract on the physicochemical, textural, colour and sensory properties of frankfurters. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: There treatments were investigated (25, 50 and 75% nitrite replacement with guava epicarp flour extract), along with a control treatment without the extract. The physicochemical properties, colour coordinates, and texture parameters were analysed, and a sensory evaluation was also carried out. The treatment that gave the best results was subjected to stability analysis over 30 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The addition of 25% guava epicarp flour extract gave the best results, since it did not affect the colouration of the sausages or their physicochemical and textural properties. Likewise, during the stability analysis over time, the parameters related to fat oxidation were not affected, and final products had a residual nitrite load of (23.6±0.2) mg/kg, lower than the maximum allowed (150 mg/kg). NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION: The partial substitution of the nitrites in frankfurters with the carotenoids from the guava epicarp flour added in a mass fraction up to 25% can be a viable alternative to produce sausages with lower content of nitrites, without affecting their colouration or shelf life. This is important for the meat industry, which favours the development of new products using substances of natural origin.

Rapid size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography method for the quality control of amyloid-ß oligomers.

Amyloid-ß (Aß) dysmetabolism is thought to be the main trigger for neurodegenerative events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, soluble Aß oligomers (AßOs) are proposed as key mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in AD. Over the past few decades, AßOs prepared from synthetic Aß have been widely applied in vitro and in vivo, the so-called chemical models of AD, uncovering their multiple neurotoxic mechanisms. However, the lack of a reliable quality control (QC) for synthetic AßOs may reflect poor experimental reproducibility. In keeping with this, we optimized and validated a rapid and reproducible SECHPLC method using fluorescence detection for the QC of synthetic AßOs. Our analytical method offers an unprecedent alternative to improve the reproducibility of AD chemical models.

Nitrite reduction in beef burger using papaya (Carica papaya L.) epicarp.

Current pressure on the need to reduce nitrite content in meat products without affecting sensory properties such as color requires research for the development of healthy foods and the improvement of the quality of life of human beings. Fruit by-products are an important source of bioactive compounds, which can be used as natural additives in food processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate papaya epicarp flour as a natural ingredient in nitrite reduction of beef burger. Papaya epicarp samples after lyophilized were ground. A composite central design and a response surface methodology were used in order to analyze the process variables (nitrite and papaya epicarp flour concentrations) on the color of the beef burger. Response variables were carotenoid fractions and CIEL*a*b*. The optimal color-maximizing nitrite/flour ratio in beef burger was found corresponding to 150 mg/kg nitrite/40 mg/kg flour, where the maximum values for ß-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lycopene were 0.451, 0.447, and 0.251 mg/100 g of sample, respectively, together with the lower value of L* (64.38). This study showed the agro-industrial potential of papaya epicarp flour to reduce nitrite concentrations in this food, in addition, the valuation of this by-product could bring economic and environmental benefits.

Access to the Unified Health System in the perspective of male homosexuals.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the perception of male homosexuals regarding the access to the Unified Health System. METHODS: A qualitative study with male homosexuals in a city in the Northeast Brazil. Eight subjects participated, a socioeconomic questionnaire was used for data collection and a focal group was carried out, in which the narratives were recorded and later transcribed. For the analysis of the speeches, the analysis of thematic content was used. RESULTS: The analysis revealed five thematic categories that express the limitations on humanization and reception, as well as in the quality of health care offered to subjects, disregarding the psychosocial and lifestyle-related demands. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It was emphasized that the focus group technique contributed to the approach of the research with the perception of male homosexuals marked by prejudice and discrimination, reflecting the subjects' dissatisfaction with the care received in the health services.

Efeitos da pandemia do novo Coronavírus na saúde mental de indivíduos e coletividades / Efectos de la nueva pandemia de Coronavirus en la salud mental de individuos y comunidades / Effects of the new Coronavirus pandemic on the mental health of individuals and communities

Objetivo: desenvolver reflexões críticas sobre os efeitos da pandemia do novo Coronavírus na saúde mental de indivíduos e coletividades. Método: estudo reflexivo realizado a partir da estruturação de uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre os impactos da pandemia do novo Coronavírus na saúde mental da população. Resultados: tem-se percebido um pânico generalizado e estresse na saúde mental na sociedade. Os achados apontam um impacto psicológico imediato na população em decorrência da pandemia, sendo observado um crescimento de sintomas de ansiedade, e até mesmo depressão. Conclusão: os efeitos da pandemia vêm atingindo direta e indiretamente a saúde mental das pessoas nos mais diversos aspectos, o que implica numa condição preocupante de saúde pública.(AU)

Objective: to develop critical reflections on the effects of the new coronavirus pandemic on the mental health of individuals and communities. Method: reflective study carried out based on the structuring of a narrative review of the literature on the impacts of the pandemic of the new coronavirus on the mental health of the population. Results: there has been widespread panic and stress on mental health in society. The findings point to an immediate psychological impact on the population due to the pandemic, with an increase in symptoms of anxiety, and even depression. Conclusion: the effects of the pandemic have been directly and indirectly affecting people's mental health in the most diverse aspects, which implies in a worrying public health condition.(AU)

Objetivo: desarrollar reflexiones críticas sobre los efectos de la nueva pandemia de coronavirus en la salud mental de individuos y comunidades. Método: estudio reflexivo realizado en base a la estructuración de una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre los impactos de la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus en la salud mental de la población. Resultados: ha habido un pánico y estrés generalizados en la salud mental en la sociedad. Los hallazgos apuntan a un impacto psicológico inmediato en la población debido a la pandemia, con un aumento en los síntomas de ansiedad e incluso depresión. Conclusión: los efectos de la pandemia han estado afectando directa e indirectamente la salud mental de las personas en los aspectos más diversos, lo que implica una condición preocupante de la salud pública.(AU)

Access to the Unified Health System in the perspective of male homosexuals / Acceso al Sistema de Salud Unificado en la perspectiva de los homosexuals masculinos / O acesso ao Sistema Único de Saúde na percepção de homossexuais masculinos

ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the perception of male homosexuals regarding the access to the Unified Health System. Methods: A qualitative study with male homosexuals in a city in the Northeast Brazil. Eight subjects participated, a socioeconomic questionnaire was used for data collection and a focal group was carried out, in which the narratives were recorded and later transcribed. For the analysis of the speeches, the analysis of thematic content was used. Results: The analysis revealed five thematic categories that express the limitations on humanization and reception, as well as in the quality of health care offered to subjects, disregarding the psychosocial and lifestyle-related demands. Final considerations: It was emphasized that the focus group technique contributed to the approach of the research with the perception of male homosexuals marked by prejudice and discrimination, reflecting the subjects' dissatisfaction with the care received in the health services.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Analizar la percepción de los hombres homosexuales sobre el acceso al Sistema Único de Salud. Métodos: Un estudio cualitativo con hombres homosexuales en una ciudad en el noreste de Brasil. Participaron ocho sujetos, se utilizó un cuestionario socioeconómico para la recolección de datos y se llevó a cabo un grupo focal, en el que se registraron las narrativas y luego se transcribieron. Para el análisis de los discursos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: El análisis reveló cinco categorías temáticas que expresan las limitaciones en la humanización y la recepción, así como en la calidad de la atención médica que se ofrece a los sujetos, sin tener en cuenta las demandas psicosociales y relacionadas con el estilo de vida. Consideraciones finales: Se destacó que la técnica del grupo focal contribuyó al enfoque de la investigación con la percepción de los homosexuales masculinos marcados por el prejuicio y la discriminación, lo que refleja la insatisfacción de los sujetos con la atención recibida en los servicios de salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar a percepção de homossexuais masculinos a respeito do acesso ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo realizado com homossexuais masculinos em uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil. Participaram oito sujeitos, sendo utilizado para coleta de dados um questionário socioeconômico e realizado um grupo focal, no qual as narrativas foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas. Para análise das falas empregou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: A análise revelou cinco categorias temáticas que expressam as limitações na humanização e no acolhimento, bem como na qualidade do atendimento à saúde oferecido aos sujeitos, desconsiderando as demandas psicossociais e relacionadas ao estilo de vida. Considerações finais: Destaca-se que a técnica do grupo focal contribuiu para a aproximação da pesquisa com a percepção dos homossexuais masculinos marcada por preconceito e discriminação, refletindo a insatisfação dos sujeitos com o atendimento recebido nos serviços de saúde.