Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome With Herpetic Keratitis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report a rare observation of trigeminal trophic syndrome presenting with concurrent herpetic keratitis. METHODS: This study was a case report. RESULTS: A 42-year-old male with a remote history of a motor vehicle accident, traumatic brain injury, extensive facial reconstructive surgery, and traumatic optic neuropathy presented with left periorbital swelling. He was found to have extensive periorbital and total hypoesthesia in the cranial nerve V1 distribution and partial hypoesthesia in the V2 distribution. Corneal findings were highly suspicious for herpes simplex keratitis or zoster ophthalmicus. The patient was diagnosed with herpetic epithelial and stromal keratitis with periorbital ulceration secondary to Trigeminal trophic syndrome. The patient was treated broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, intravenous acyclovir, and topical antibiotics. He was treated with topical steroids upon closure of epithelial defect. Upon discharge, the patient's vision improved from hand-motion to 20/30 at near. The patient was later fit with a custom thermoplastic facial mask to minimize further selfinjurious behavior. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of trigeminal trophic syndrome presenting with concurrent herpetic keratitis. Successful treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide the patient insight and create protective equipment.

Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Optimizing Diagnostic Yield and Accuracy.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of adjunctive tests, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), cytokine analysis, flow cytometry, and IgH gene rearrangement testing, achieves improved diagnostic parameters compared with cytologic smears alone in the detection of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). To determine which of these tests or combination of tests provide the greatest diagnostic utility. DESIGN: Retrospective review to assess diagnostic value. METHODS: This single university-affiliated tertiary care center study included data from 237 vitreous biopsies performed between 1999 and 2017 in patients with suspected VRL. From 1999 to 2008-2009, cytologic smears were the sole test performed (84 cases). The protocol initiated in 2008-2009 added the 4 additional diagnostic tests (153 cases). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, and diagnostic yield were calculated. Parameters were calculated for tests individually, for all 5 combined, and all possible 2-, 3-, and 4-test combinations. For cytologic smears, diagnostic parameters were calculated both before and after the addition of adjunctive tests to our protocol and for the entire cohort. RESULTS: Of the 237 vitreous biopsies, 50 samples (21%) were from patients with confirmed central nervous system lymphoma and/or actively treated central nervous system, systemic, or intraocular lymphoma. Diagnostic yields (95% CI) were 90% (85%-93%) for smears, 82% (72%-89%) for IHC, 91% (85%-96%) for cytokine analysis, 76% (67%-84%) for IgH gene rearrangement, and 50% (40%-60%) for flow cytometry. For smears, the sensitivity pre-protocol was 73% (39%-94%), compared with 87% (69%-96%) post-protocol. IgH gene rearrangement was the only test exhibiting low sensitivity (40%). The combination of smears, IHC, and cytokine analysis exhibited the highest diagnostic parameters, with sensitivity 92%, specificity 98%, and diagnostic yield 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cytologic smears, IHC, and cytokine analysis seems to be a reasonable and sufficient protocol for the diagnosis of suspected VRL. IgH gene rearrangement and flow cytometry may be the most expendable tests from our protocol.

Surgical management of eyelid lesions in adult-onset asthma and periocular xanthogranuloma.

Medical therapy is the mainstay of initial treatment for periocular xanthogranulomas. Here we depict surgical management of biopsy-proven adult-onset asthma and periocular xanthogranuloma (AAPOX). This 27-year-old female presented with seven years of progressive bilateral periorbital swelling, weight gain, and severe asthma refractory to immunosuppressive therapy including methotrexate, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide. Pre-operative and post-operative photos show excellent resolution of lesions. Orbitotomy with excision involved an upper eyelid crease incision marked at 9 mm centrally. A flap was dissected between the skin and orbicularis-involving xanthogranuloma, extended superiorly to orbital rim and laterally and medially until normal orbicularis was encountered. The xanthogranuloma was excised en-bloc. Infiltrated preaponeurotic fat and portions of the orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland were resected. After achieving hemostasis, the skin was closed with 6-0 polypropylene suture. Surgical pathology was consistent with the diagnosis of AAPOX.

Iris Stromal Cyst in a 6-Month-Old With Rapid Progression to Angle Closure.

CASE REPORT: A 6-month-old female presented with an iris cyst in the left eye, first identified at age 4 months. The patient was seen by an ophthalmologist at age 6 months and referred for further management. Our examination 2 weeks later demonstrated a 6 mm diameter iris cyst originating from the anterior surface of the inferior iris, occupying the inferior two thirds of the anterior chamber and obscuring the pupil. Intraocular pressure was normal and the remainder of the anterior chamber was formed. Because of concern for the development of amblyopia, the patient was scheduled for an examination under anesthesia and iris cyst removal 2 days later. In the intervening 2 days, the patient's mother noted worsening photophobia and tearing. At the time of surgery, the intraocular pressure was 51 mm Hg in the left eye. Anterior examination demonstrated interval development of shallowing of the anterior chamber with irido-corneal and cyst-corneal touch. The iris cyst had increased to 8 mm in size and filled the entire pupillary aperture. The iris cyst was excised, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an iris stromal cyst. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital stromal cysts of the iris can enlarge, threatening amblyopia and secondary glaucoma in children. Although angle closure is a known theoretical complication of iris stromal cysts, actual cases are rare in the literature. This case demonstrates the importance of serial examinations to monitor progression of iris stromal cysts, particularly in young children.