Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map scientific knowledge on nursing students' attitudes and perceptions regarding ageism. METHOD: scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study question was: What are scientific evidence available on the attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding ageism? The search was conducted in 12 databases using the Rayyan application and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were selected by two reviewers using a data extraction tool. RESULTS: of the 4,595 files, 46 that were published between 1984 and 2022 were selected, and the quantitative method was the most used. The most commonly used instrument was the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Positive, negative, mixed, neutral, and inconclusive attitudes and perceptions were identified. CONCLUSION: attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. Future intervention studies are recommended to detect changes in the behavior of nursing students in the face of ageism. BACKGROUND: (1) Attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. BACKGROUND: (2) Importance of discussing ageism in the training of nursing students. BACKGROUND: (3) Intervention studies to identify paradigm shifts in nursing students.

Attitudes and perceptions about ageism among nursing students: a scoping review / Actitudes y percepciones sobre edadismo entre los estudiantes de enfermería: una revisión de alcance / Atitudes e percepções sobre idadismo em estudantes de enfermagem: revisão de escopo

Objective: to map scientific knowledge on nursing students' attitudes and perceptions regarding ageism. Method: scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study question was: What are scientific evidence available on the attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding ageism? The search was conducted in 12 databases using the Rayyan application and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were selected by two reviewers using a data extraction tool. Results: of the 4,595 files, 46 that were published between 1984 and 2022 were selected, and the quantitative method was the most used. The most commonly used instrument was the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Positive, negative, mixed, neutral, and inconclusive attitudes and perceptions were identified. Conclusion: attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. Future intervention studies are recommended to detect changes in the behavior of nursing students in the face of ageism.

Objetivo: mapear el conocimiento científico sobre las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes de enfermería respecto al edadismo. Método: La pregunta del estudio fue: ¿Qué evidencia científica está disponible sobre las actitudes y percepciones de los estudiantes de enfermería respecto al edadismo? La búsqueda se realizó en 12 bases de datos utilizando la aplicación Rayyan y la Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews . Los estudios fueron seleccionados por dos revisores mediante una herramienta de extracción de datos. Resultados: de los 4.595 artículos, se seleccionaron 46 publicados entre 1984 y 2022, siendo el método cuantitativo el más utilizado. La herramienta más utilizada fue el Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale . Se identificaron actitudes y percepciones positivas, negativas, mixtas, neutras y no concluyentes. Conclusión: las actitudes y percepciones sobre la discriminación por edad son diversas y no concluyentes. Se recomiendan futuros estudios de intervención para detectar cambios en el comportamiento de los estudiantes de enfermería ante el edadismo.

Objetivo: mapear o conhecimento científico sobre as atitudes e percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem em relação ao idadismo. Método: revisão de escopo segundo as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute . A pergunta de estudo foi: Quais são as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre as atitudes e percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem no que diz respeito ao idadismo? A busca foi realizada em 12 bases de dados utilizando o aplicativo Rayyan e o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews . Realizou-se a seleção dos estudos por dois revisores, com uso de um instrumento para a extração dos dados. Resultados: dos 4.595 arquivos, selecionaram-se 46 publicados entre 1984 e 2022, sendo que a maioria utilizou o método quantitativo. O instrumento mais utilizado foi o Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale e os estudos mostraram que os estudantes apresentaram atitudes e percepções positivas, negativas, mistas, neutras e não conclusivas. Conclusão: as atitudes e percepções sobre idadismo são diversificadas e não conclusivas. Recomenda-se estudos futuros de intervenção para detecção de mudanças de comportamento dos estudantes de enfermagem frente ao idadismo.

Association between Sarcopenia, Falls, and Cognitive Impairment in Older People: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

With the aging process, elderly people present changes in their bodies that can lead them to suffer several geriatric syndromes. The present study aimed to analyze and synthesize the literature produced concerning the association of sarcopenia with falls in elderly people with cognitive impairment. This is a systematic review study on etiology and risk, conducted according to the JBI methodology using the Medline (Pubmed), Cinahl, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The gray literature search was conducted in the CAPES Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Google Scholar, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), EBSCO Open Dissertations, DART-e, and ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication. The identification of the association between the variables was extracted from the articles themselves (Odds Ratio and the 95% Confidence Intervals). Four articles published between 2012 and 2021 were included in this review. A prevalence of falls was identified, ranging from 14.2% to 23.1%, of cognitive impairment ranging from 24.1% to 60.8%, and of sarcopenia ranging from 6.1 to 26.6%. The meta-analysis found that elderly people with cognitive impairment who suffer falls are at a 1.88 times greater risk of presenting sarcopenia (p = 0.01). There is evidence of an association between the variables, but it is necessary to conduct follow-up studies to support this association as well as other factors that may influence the senescence and senility process.

Risco de quedas e seus fatores associados na pessoa idosa hospitalizada / Risk of falls and its associated factors in hospitalized older adults

Resumo Objetivo analisar o risco de queda e sua associação com as variáveis demográficas, clínicas, estado cognitivo, risco de sarcopenia e fragilidade da pessoa idosa hospitalizada em uma clínica médica de um hospital universitário. Método Estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e analítico realizado com 60 pessoas idosas hospitalizadas na clínica médica de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo - SP, Brasil, com o uso dos seguintes questionários: perfil demográfico, dados clínicos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Morse, Escala SARC-F e Índice de Fragilidade Tilburg. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para as variáveis quantitativas foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman e para categóricas, o teste U Mann-Whitney. Para identificar a associação, foi utilizada a regressão linear múltipla e adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Predomínio do sexo feminino, entre 60-79 anos e sem companheiro (a). Ademais, 80% apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo, 88,3% foram categorizados como frágeis, 60% apresentavam risco para sarcopenia e 75% possuíam alto risco de queda durante a hospitalização. Verificou-se associação do comprometimento cognitivo, ser frágil e ter risco de sarcopenia com o risco de queda na pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Conclusão o elevado risco de quedas em idosos hospitalizados está diretamente relacionado com a presença de deficit cognitivo, síndrome da fragilidade e o risco para sarcopenia, afirmando que esses fatores merecem atenção dos gestores e profissionais de enfermagem.

Abstract Objective To analyze the risk of falls and its association with demographic and clinical variables, cognitive status, risk of sarcopenia and frailty among older adults hospitalized in a medical clinic of a university hospital. Method A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional analytical study of 60 older adults hospitalized in the medical clinic of a university hospital in São Paulo city, São Paulo state, Brazil, was carried out. Questionnaires collecting demographic profile and clinical data, the Mini-Mental State Examination, Morse Scale, SARC-F Scale and Tilburg Frailty Indicator were applied. Descriptive analyses and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test were performed. Spearman's correlation test was used for quantitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for categorical variables. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the associations and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The study sample comprised predominantly individuals that were female, aged 60-79 years and without a partner. Overall, 80% had cognitive impairment, 88.3% were diagnosed as frail, 60% were at risk for sarcopenia, and 75% had a high risk of falls during hospitalization. Cognitive impairment, frailty and sarcopenia risk were associated with risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults. Conclusion High risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults was directly associated with the presence of cognitive impairment, frailty syndrome and sarcopenia risk, confirming that these factors warrant attention from managers and nursing professionals.

Percepción del enfermero peruano en el cuidado del paciente con covid-19 / Percepção da enfermeira peruana no cuidado de pacientes com covid-19 / Perception of the peruvian nurse in the care of the patient with covid-19

Objetivo: analizar la percepción del enfermero sobre la atención del paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 en tres hospitales peruanos. Método: estudio descriptivo de análisis cualitativo con 47 enfermeras entrevistadas entre febrero a junio de 2021. Se utilizó la técnica del Análisis de Contenido Temático con uso del software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: fueron identificadas cinco clases temáticas: 1- Miedo de contagiar a los familiares con el virus de la COVID-19; 2- Frustración e impotencia de los profesionales de enfermería; 3- El papel de la enfermería: pasado, presente y futuro en el cuidado del paciente; 4- Capacitación para el establecimiento de nuevos protocolos y uso de Equipos de Protección Personal; 5- Doloroso proceso de adaptación para los profesionales de la salud. Consideraciones finales: el enfermero percibió que durante la pandemia su trabajo fue sufrido con carencias de recursos humanos, materiales y dilemas éticos.

Objetivo: analisar a percepção do enfermeiro sobre o atendimento do paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 em três hospitais peruanos. Método: estudo descritivo de análise qualitativa com 47 enfermeiras entrevistadas entre fevereiro e junho de 2021. Utilizou-se a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo Temático com uso do software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: foram identificadas cinco classes temáticas: 1- Medo de contagiar os familiares com o vírus da COVID-19; 2- Frustração e impotência dos profissionais de enfermagem; 3- O papel da enfermagem: passado, presente e futuro no cuidado do paciente; 4- Capacitação para o estabelecimento de novos protocolos e uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Pessoal; 5- Doloroso processo de adaptação para os profissionais de saúde. Considerações finais: o enfermeiro percebeu que durante a pandemia seu trabalho foi sofrido com carências de recursos humanos, materiais e dilemas éticos.

Objective to analyze the perception of the nurse on the care of the patient hospitalized by COVID-19 in three Peruvian hospitals. Method: Descriptive qualitative analysis study with 47 nurses interviewed between February and June 2021. The Thematic Content Analysis technique was used using the R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Results: five thematic classes were identified: 1- Fear of infecting relatives with the COVID-19 virus; 2- Frustration and impotence of nursing professionals; 3- The role of nursing: past, present and future in patient care; 4- Training for the establishment of new protocols and use of Personal Protection Equipment; 5- Painful adaptation process for health professionals. Final considerations: the nurse perceived that during the pandemic his work was suffered with shortages of human resources, materials and ethical dilemmas.