Ion Release from Stainless Steel Brackets Subjected to Tooth Bleaching Treatment.

Statement of the Problem: Tooth discoloration in the form of staining is a common finding during conventional orthodontic treatment. Due to elevated esthetic standards, clinicians in the field of orthodontics are faced with increasing demands by patients to perform bleaching treatments while the appliances are still in place. Though the success of such treatments has been reported in literature, the effect of whitening agents on orthodontic appliances has not been evaluated. Increased ion release following corrosion of orthodontic brackets is considered a health hazard. Purpose: In this study, we measured the amount of ion release from steel brackets under home and office bleaching treatment in order to evaluate the safety of such treatments during orthodontic therapy. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, a total of 120 brackets were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was subjected to an office bleaching regimen (hydrogen peroxide 40%). The second group was subjected to a home bleaching treatment (carbamide peroxide 20%). The third group did not receive any bleaching treatment. The specimens of all groups were immersed in artificial saliva and after 30 days, the amount of released chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, and nickel ions was measured and compared using one way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that ion release was significantly different between the three groups (pValue >0.05). For the chromium, iron, magnesium, and Nickel ion release the order was as follows: no bleaching < home bleaching < office bleaching. However, the copper ion release was greater in the group that received home bleaching. Conclusion: Ion release was enhanced when bleaching treatments were performed, with office bleaching having a more significant effect. Although the amounts of released ions were less than those permitted by WHO, we suggest that the clinicians recommend home bleaching for orthodontic patients that are seeking tooth whitening treatment.

A Comparison of Lower Dental Arch Changes Using Two Types of Space Regainers: A Removable Appliance with a Distalizing Screw and a Fixed Double-Banded Appliance.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare lower dental arch changes using two types of space regainers, including a removable appliance with a distalizing screw and a fixed double-banded appliance. Methods and Materials: In this case-control study, the study sample was comprised of thirty-eight children with mixed dentitions, all of whom had unilateral space deficiency due to premature loss of the second deciduous molar in the mandibular arch. Patients were treated with either a removable appliance with a distalizing screw or a fixed double-banded space regainer (DBSR) (n = 19). Pre- and posttreatment dental casts and lateral cephalograms of patients were evaluated to compare the effects of the two space-regaining devices on the mandibular dental arch. The data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Results: Available space, molar angle, IMPA, and the first molar distance to the mandibular plane and symphysis increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001). The mean amount of IMPA changes was significantly greater in the distalizing screw group than in the DBSR group (P < 0.05). But, there were no statistically significant differences between the mean changes of available space, molar angle, and the first molar distance to the mandibular plane and symphysis in the distalizing screw and the DBSR group (P < 0.05). The DBSR group's treatment time was significantly shorter (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The removable device with a distalizing screw and the DBSR were both able to regain mild-to-moderate unilateral space loss, achieving an increase in molar angle, IMPA, and molar extrusion. However, treatment time with the DBSR was shorter and with less incisor tipping as a side effect.

Skeletal maturation and the location of the mandibular foramen within the ramus mandibulae.

PURPOSE: It is well documented that the mandible does not grow at a constant rate. There are significant correlations between the increase of mandibular size and cervical vertebral maturation. The peak growth velocity of the mandible occurs after the third stage of cervical vertebral maturation. The location of the mandibular foramen (MF) and its changes subsequent to growth are of great interest to clinicians as they relate to the anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve and to mandibular surgical procedures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the mandibular growth spurt on the location of the MF in various skeletal growth patterns. METHODS: Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 98 (32 orthognathic, 50 retrognathic, 16 prognathic) patients before and after the growth peak were collected. For each subject, the maturational stage of the cervical vertebrae was defined on successive lateral cephalograms and the vertical and horizontal position of the MF was evaluated on two panoramic radiographs, one before and one after the growth peak. RESULTS: The MF-Post/MF-Ant ratio (MF distance to the posterior border of the ramus/MF distance to the anterior border of the ramus) significantly increased after the growth peak in orthognathic and retrognathic subjects (P = 0.015 and 0.02, respectively). This ratio did not significantly increase in prognathic subjects (P = 0.882). No statistically significant changes in the vertical position of the MF were found in the three groups after the growth spurt. CONCLUSION: The horizontal position of the MF moves in an anterior direction in orthognathic and retrognathic subjects during the mandibular growth spurt. The vertical position of the mandibular foramen remains unchanged during this period.

Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer Cells by Vitamin C plus Quercetin: role of Nrf2 in Inducing Oxidative Stress.

To assess the effect of sequential treatment with Vitamin C (VC) and Quercetin (Q) on Nrf2-related oxidative stress in PC3 and DU145 cells, viability was measured by MTT assay. Intracellular ROS levels were determined, using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent as a probe. Nrf2 gene expression was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Nrf2 protein levels were defined by western blot analysis. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) enzymes were measured. The IC50 values for VC + Q were 263.03-372.1 µM and 144.2-194.1 µM respectively and 200 µM VC + 50 µM Q (dose no.1) and 100 µM VC + 75 µM Q (dose no.2) were selected. Sequential treatment of PC3 cells led to a significant reduction of Nrf2 mRNA expression and protein levels in addition to a significant reduction of GPx, GR and NQO1 enzymatic activity. Although the data was slightly different for DU145 cells after the treatments, in terms of Nrf2 gene expression, we obtained the same results. Our study revealed the significant effects of sequential treatment with VC + Q on Nrf2 suppression in prostate cancer cells.

The efficacy of administrating a sweet-tasting solution for reducing the pain related to dental injections in children: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Anaesthetic injections are an unpleasant experience for children in the dental office. Oral intake of sweet substances by newborns has been shown to be effective in reducing pain. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a prior administration of a sweet-tasting solution has an effect on dental injection pain. DESIGN: A total of 56 healthy children needing bilateral maxillary primary canine extraction were included in this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. In the test side, dental injection (local infiltration) was applied after the patient received a sweet-tasting solution, while in the control side sterile water was administered. The patients' demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and sweet taste preference were recorded. Pain perception during injection was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) and sound, eye, body movement (SEM). RESULTS: Mean VAS (28.30 ± 6.43) and SEM (2.14 ± 0.78) in the test side were lower than the control side (45.80 ± 7.17 and 2.95 ± 1.00). It was shown that higher BMI was associated with reduction in the analgesic effect, while the individual's tendency to sweetness increased pain reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Sweet taste administration before dental injections in children helps to control the associated pain. This effect is influenced by the individual's sweet taste tendency and BMI.

The effect of varying head tilt on the perceived color from composite resin and porcelain restorations: Simulating the effect of altering torque.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the effect of changes in tooth torque on the perceived color of composite and porcelain restorations. METHODS: A total of 30 patients with previous composite restorations and 30 patients with porcelain restorations on lateral and central incisors were selected. To simulate the effect of dental torque change, we asked the patients to tilt their heads upwards and downwards to represent buccal and palatal crown torque, respectively. Photographs were taken in 3 different positions (natural head position, 15° upward tilt, and 15° downward tilt). A laser alignment tool was used to help with head positioning. Color was measured on the 3 principal axes of the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage, L∗, a∗, and b∗ color space using Photoshop software (Adobe, San Jose, Calif), and color differences were calculated. The midpoint of the clinical crown, both mesiodistally and incisogingival, was selected as the point of measurement. A general linear model was used to analyze the significance of changes in each value of different tooth torques. A t test was used to compare color changes of 2 different incisors (central and lateral) and overall color differences in the 2 types of restoration. RESULTS: Significant changes of the L∗ and a∗ values were found as a result of the change in head inclination, whereas b∗ values remained unchanged. It was found that buccal crown torque resulted in lighter and greener porcelain restorations. Composite restorations behaved similarly with the only difference being that the central incisors appeared bluer. Palatal crown torque resulted in a darker and redder porcelain restoration and a darker, redder, and yellower composite restoration. No significant differences were found between color changes in the central and lateral incisors. Furthermore, porcelain and composite restorations had similar color changes with alteration of head inclination. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic changes of tooth torque alter the color perceived from composite and porcelain restorations.

Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a universal adhesive using different etching methods.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three enamel etching modes - laser-etch, self-etch and acid-etch (5, 10 and 15 s) - on bracket bonding, using a universal adhesive. METHODS: Eighty-four maxillary premolars were randomly divided into seven groups (n=12) based on the etching method and the adhesive used for bracket bonding. After water storage and thermocycling, shear bond strength was measured, and adhesive remnant index scores on debonded enamel were determined. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the seven groups regarding bond strength values (p< 0.001). The highest values were observed in universal adhesive with laser etching group, while Transbond XT with acid or laser etching, and universal adhesive used in self-etch mode demonstrated the lowest bond strength. The universal adhesive with the three different etching times presented with statistically similar results, all showing an improvement in bond strength, compared with Scotchbond universal (SBU)/SE. CONCLUSIONS: The universal adhesive evaluated in the present study demonstrated statistically similar bond strengths to conventional orthodontic adhesive in self-etch mode. The bond strength can be improved by adding an initial acid etching or laser conditioning step, although enamel damage was observed in some cases.

Changes of nasolabial angle from rest to smile in relation to cephalometric parameters.

INTRODUCTION: The nasolabial angle (NLA) plays an important role in evaluating a patient's profile and smile appearance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of the NLA during smile and to correlate those changes with other photographic and cephalometric parameters. METHODS: Fifty young adults ranging from 20 to 30 years of age who had been referred to a private dental clinic for orthodontic treatment for normal maxillary position were enrolled. For the purpose of this study, the angular measurements of the NLA and its compartments as well as changes in the vertical position of the nasal tip were collected from photographs taken at rest and during smile, while other parameters were measured from the lateral cephalograms taken with the head in a natural position. Changes in the NLA were then correlated with the cephalometric parameters in order to observe any potential relationships. RESULTS: The NLA and its upper compartment decreased during smile (with a mean of 5.42 and 0.77 degrees, respectively). The NLA and its lower compartment increased, with a mean of 3.97 degrees. The nasal tip significantly dropped down from rest to smile (mean = 1.6 mm, P = 0.002). Significant correlations were found between changes of the NLA and the maxilla projection as well as between changes of the lower part of the NLA and the upper lip curvature. CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing the NLA during smile is mainly related to the inherent properties of the soft tissues of the nasolabial area and not to the dental parameters under the control of the orthodontist. Patients should therefore be made aware of this from the beginning of the treatment.

Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a universal adhesive using different etching methods

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three enamel etching modes - laser-etch, self-etch and acid-etch (5, 10 and 15 s) - on bracket bonding, using a universal adhesive. Methods: Eighty-four maxillary premolars were randomly divided into seven groups (n=12) based on the etching method and the adhesive used for bracket bonding. After water storage and thermocycling, shear bond strength was measured, and adhesive remnant index scores on debonded enamel were determined. Results: There were significant differences between the seven groups regarding bond strength values (p< 0.001). The highest values were observed in universal adhesive with laser etching group, while Transbond XT with acid or laser etching, and universal adhesive used in self-etch mode demonstrated the lowest bond strength. The universal adhesive with the three different etching times presented with statistically similar results, all showing an improvement in bond strength, compared with Scotchbond universal (SBU)/SE. Conclusions: The universal adhesive evaluated in the present study demonstrated statistically similar bond strengths to conventional orthodontic adhesive in self-etch mode. The bond strength can be improved by adding an initial acid etching or laser conditioning step, although enamel damage was observed in some cases.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi comparar os efeitos de três métodos de condicionamento do esmalte - condicionamento a laser, autocondicionamento e condicionamento ácido (5, 10 e 15 segundos) - sobre a colagem de braquetes com um adesivo universal. Métodos: oitenta e quatro pré-molares superiores foram divididos aleatoriamente em sete grupos (n=12) de acordo com o método de condicionamento e o adesivo utilizado para a colagem dos braquetes. Após armazenamento em água e termociclagem, a força de colagem foi medida e o índice de adesivo remanescente no esmalte após a descolagem foi determinado. Resultados: houve diferenças significativas entre os sete grupos com relação aos valores de força de colagem (p< 0,001). Os valores mais altos foram observados no grupo com adesivo universal e condicionamento a laser, enquanto o Transbond XP condicionado com ácido ou laser, e o adesivo universal autocondicionante demonstraram as menores forças de colagem. O adesivo universal apresentou resultados estatisticamente semelhantes para os três diferentes tempos de condicionamento ácido, todos mostrando um aumento na força de colagem, em comparação ao Scotchbond Universal. Conclusões: o adesivo universal avaliado no presente estudo demonstrou força de colagem estatisticamente semelhante aos adesivos ortodônticos convencionais do tipo autocondicionante. A força de colagem pode ser aumentada acrescentando-se uma etapa inicial de condicionamento ácido ou com laser, embora danos ao esmalte tenham sido observados em alguns casos.

Bleaching during orthodontic treatment and its effect on bracket bond strength.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effect of two different methods of bleaching during orthodontic treatment on bracket bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 extracted premolar teeth were selected in this experimental study and divided into three groups (office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, home bleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide, and control). The color of the teeth was assessed initially before the application of bleaching agents and Thermocycling. Orthodontic brackets were subsequently bonded on the treated surfaces. Bleaching procedures were then performed. A final color measurement was performed at two points on the buccal surface both underneath and adjacent to the bracket base. The initial and final color measurements and the bond strengths were compared between the groups using the analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Bracket bond strength was significantly reduced in both bleaching groups compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The color difference before and after the bleaching procedures was significant in the office bleaching group (P < 0.01), while the control group did not demonstrate a statistical difference between initial and final color assessments (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bleaching procedures performed during orthodontic treatment reduce bond strength. Enamel beneath the bracket base experiences a whitening effect though to a lesser degree compared with an uncovered surface.

Prediction of the occurrence and severity of mandibular incisor crowding in the early mixed dentition using craniofacial parameters.

INTRODUCTION: With the recent interest in esthetics at an early age, prediction of mandibular incisor crowding is of significant importance. Since dental arch development is related to craniofacial growth, we conducted a cohort study to find a regression model for mandibular incisor crowding based on various craniofacial parameters in children. METHODS: A total of 250 children, all in the early mixed dentition, were selected randomly by cluster sampling from primary schools. Craniofacial parameters were measured by a caliper bow, and intercanine widths were measured on dental casts. After a 12-month follow-up period, mandibular incisor crowding and intercanine width were assessed on each subject's dental cast. Discriminant and multiple regression analyses were performed separately for boys and girls. RESULTS: Of 250 children, 148 returned for the 1-year follow-up and met the inclusion criteria. Regression analyses of patients with normal occlusion showed a statistically significant correlation between anterior dental crowding and facial height and bigonial width in both sexes. A significant inverse correlation was found between initial intercanine width and incisor crowding in girls. Furthermore, using the aforementioned parameters, the occurrence of mandibular incisor crowding could be predicted with an accuracy of 92.6%. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the occurrence and severity of mandibular incisor crowding in the early mixed dentition can be predicted accurately based on certain craniofacial parameters.

Interictal levels of calcitonin gene related peptide in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic migraine patients.

Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is a mediator of neurogenic inflammation playing a major role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Increases in serum CGRP have been detected previously in migraineurs and a return to baseline values regarded as successful treatment. As gingival crevicular fluid is known to originate from the serum, the aim of this study is to measure the CGRP content of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic migraine patients and to determine whether there is a correlation between serum and GCF values of CGRP. For this study, 24 female individuals suffering from chronic migraine with aura were age-matched with 15 healthy individuals. Serum and GCF samples were obtained from both groups and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay performed to measure CGRP concentration. The level of CGRP in the serum and GCF of chronic migraine patients was 41 ± 16 pg/mL and 0.25 ± 0.09 pg/µg respectively while in healthy individuals CGRP levels were 29 ± 8 pg/mL and 0.19 ± 0.07 pg/µg. The correlation between CGRP levels of the GCF and serum was 0.88 for migraineurs and 0.81 in the controls. Only a weak positive relationship was observed between age and CGRP levels in both groups. CGRP levels were higher in migraineurs compared with controls both in serum and GCF. Furthermore there is a strong correlation between CGRP levels of the serum and GCF. The results of this study suggest that CGRP levels of GCF have potential diagnostic purposes in patients with chronic migraine.

Photogrammetric Comparison of Facial Soft Tissue Profile before and after Protraction Facemask Therapy in Class III Children (6-11 Years Old).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Achieving a normal soft tissue facial profile is considered to be the main concern of class III patients and the goal of most class III treatments. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of facemask treatment on profile with photogrammetric method. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Before (T0) and after (T1) treatment photograms of 40 class III patients profiles (20 male and 20 female individuals) treated with protraction face mask that met the inclusion criteria were digitized and analyzed using Aesthetic Analyzer software. Selected linear and angular measurements were performed for each patient and the changes were noted. RESULTS: An increase in inferior facial height (p< 0.001) and inferior facial angle (p< 0.001) was observed. Nasal prominence and upper lip prominence also increased significantly (p< 0.001). Advancement of sub nasal area was observed to be significant in females (p< 0.05) in contrast to males. CONCLUSION: Remarkable advancement in the middle face and consequent fullness in the soft-tissue profile can be achieved by using protraction face mask. The response to treatment is not different between males and females.

Altered oxidative status and integrin expression in cyclosporine A-treated oral epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent administered to transplant patients. A well-known reported oral side effect of CsA consumption is gingival overgrowth (GO). Changes in the expression of integrins occurring in the gingiva following CsA treatment have been reported but these reports are mainly concerned with the connective tissue of the gingiva. In this study we targeted the alterations in the oral epithelium using KB cells, an oral epithelial cell line. METHODS: Cultured oral epithelial cells were treated with increasing concentrations of CsA (0.1, 1 and 10 µg/mL) and the molecular changes involving antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR)] and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of selected integrins (α2, α5 and ß1). RESULTS: At CsA concentration above 0.1 µg/mL GPx demonstrated an increase in activity while GR activity and the level of reduced glutathione were diminished (p < 0.05). α5 and ß1 integrin were downregulated at all treatment concentrations of CsA while α2 integrin presented this effect at concentrations above 1 µg/mL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest a possible role for oxidative stress and the altered expression of integrins in the pathology of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.

The effect of vertical bracket positioning on torque and the resultant stress in the periodontal ligament--a finite element study.

BACKGROUND: The ideal built-in tip and torque values of the straight wire appliance reduce the need for wire bending and hence reduce chair time. The vertical position of the bracket on the tooth surface can alter the torque exerted on the tooth. This is a result of the altered surface curvature observed at each vertical position. To further clarify the role of vertical bracket positioning on the applied torque and the resultant stresses in the periodontal ligament (PDL), we designed a mandibular first premolar using finite element modeling. METHODS: Cone beam computed tomography of 52 patients (83 lower first premolars) was selected to be included in the study. Curvature was measured for points along the labial surface with increasing distances (0.5 mm increments) from the cusp tip by calculating the angle between tangents drawn from these points and the axis joining the cusp tip and the root apex. The mean values for each distance were calculated, and a finite element model was designed incorporating these mean values. The resultant stress and hydrostatic pressure in the PDL were calculated using finite element analysis. RESULTS: The labial surface of the mandibular first premolar demonstrated a 26.39° change from 2.5 to 6 mm from the cusp tip. The maximum Von-Mises stress and hydrostatic pressure in the PDL were observed at the root apex for all of the bracket positions, and these values demonstrated, respectively, a change of up to 0.059 and 0.186 MPa between two successive points. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the variation in the vertical position of the bracket can have an important effect on the torque and subsequently on the stresses and pressures in the PDL.

Measuring agreement between cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist maturation in determining skeletal age: reassessing the theory in patients with short stature.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebral maturation analysis in patients diagnosed with short stature. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed; 178 patients (90 girls, 88 boys) diagnosed with short stature and seeking treatment were selected. The patients were divided into 2 groups (76 with familial short stature, 102 with nonfamilial short stature). Hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from the patients. The hand-wrist radiographs were analyzed using the Fishman method, and the lateral cephalometric views were categorized according to the method of Hassel and Farman. The degree of agreement between the 2 methods of predicting skeletal maturation was measured by calculating the contingency coefficient and the weighted kappa statistic. RESULTS: A high degree of agreement was observed between the 2 methods of analyzing skeletal maturation. It was also observed that agreement was higher in girls in the familial short-stature group, whereas boys had higher agreement in the nonfamilial short-stature group. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical vertebral maturation can be a valuable substitute for hand-wrist radiography in patients with short stature.

Altered expression of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin in kidney fibroblasts: a potential mechanism for CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: Nephrotoxicity is considered a significant cause of patient morbidity following chronic Cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment.  The exact mechanism of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity remains to be fully clarified.  Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is widely regarded as a major pathway of CsA toxicity; therefore, the role of integrins as regulators of collagen in the extra-cellular matrix can be deemed pivotal. The objective of the present study was to observe the expression levels of alpha2beta1 integrin following CsA treatment +/- antioxidants. METHODS: Adhesion assay, immunofluorescent and flow cytometric analyses were performed on kidney fibroblasts obtained from rats after administration of CsA (25 mg/kg/day) +/- Vitamin E (vit. E) and Quercetin (Q) for 4 weeks.  Total RNA was collected from the aforementioned fibroblasts for semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of α2 and ß1 integrins. RESULTS: We found that α2 and ß1 integrins were both markedly reduced following treatment with CsA, i.e., 25% and 13%, respectively, but were normal following subsequent consumption of the antioxidants vit. E and Q.  Attachment and spreading of the CsA-treated fibroblasts declined from 82% to 50%; however, this effect was partially reversed to 70% following antioxidant treatment. Similar results were observed in the spreading assay in which the level of spreading decreased from 73% to 21% and was subsequently restored to 46%. CONCLUSION: We conclude that cell adhesion, mediated by binding of integrin to collagen, which is a prerequisite of normal cell viability and collagen regulation, may be a novel pathway further explaining the nephrotoxic effects of CsA.

Expression of a2, a5 and a6 subunits of integrin in de-differentiated NIH3T3 cells by cell-free extract of embryonic stem cells.

Generation of patient specific stem cells is among the ultimate goals in regenerative medicine. Such a cell needs to be functional when it transplants. Interaction between the matrix proteins and integrin adjust many cells' function such as adhesion, migration, cell cycle and self renewal in stem cells. In this study, NIH3T3 cells were dedifferentiated by mouse Embryonic Stem Cell (mESC) extract. The expression of pluripotency markers as well as a2, a5 and a6 integrin subunits were determined. NIH3T3 cells treated with mESC extract showed noticeable changes in cell morphology as early as day 2 post-treatment forming colonies similar to typical mESC morphology by day 8, after three passages. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and immunocytochemistry staining were performed for the induced reprogrammed cells. The results indicated that these colonies showed the ALP activity and they express Sox2 and Nanog. RT-PCR revealed that the colonies also express Oct3/4. NIH3T3 cells, ESC and reprogrammed cells expressed a2 integrin. a5 integrin expression was greatest in reprogrammed cells followed by the expression of this integrin in NIH3T3 which in turn was more than in ESC. a6A integrin was expressed in NIH3T3 cells while a6B integrin was expressed in ESC and in very low quantity was expressed in reprogrammed cells. These data provide evidence for both the generation of ES like cells from differentiated somatic cells and the expression profile of integrins after de-differentiation by mESC extract.