Porocarcinoma of the Left Foot: A Case Review.

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the eccrine sweat gland. This malignancy occurs most commonly in the lower extremities. It tends to occur in patients aged 60 to 80 years, affecting men and women equally. We present the case of a 62-year-old man with a lesion on the left foot. The diagnosis of the initial biopsy was squamous cell carcinoma. Six months later, the lesion reoccurred, and a second biopsy confirmed it to be eccrine porocarcinoma.

MicroRNA Associated with the Invasive Phenotype in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Let-7c-5p Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor.

Differential microRNA (miRNA) expression can portend clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression. In a previous study, we identified a subset of dysregulated miRNA in small renal masses, pT1 ccRCC (≤5 cm) that are associated with an aggressive phenotype. The present study investigated miRNA expression in clinical stage I (cT1) tumors (≤5 cm), comparing pathologic stage I (pT1) tumors to those upstaged to pathologic stage 3 (pT3) after surgery following identification of renal vein invasion or invasion into adjacent fat tissue within Gerota's fascia. Twenty cT1 tumors were examined in an miRNA screening, 10 pT1 and 10 pT3 tumors. The ccRCC cell lines 786-O and Caki-1 were used to assess the impact of let-7c-5p and its protein target insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Cells were transfected with pre-let-7c-5p and assessed through cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. IGF1R expression was evaluated through Simple Western, and interaction between let-7c-5p and IGF1R was confirmed via luciferase reporter assay. Screening identified 20 miRNA, including let-7c-5p, that were dysregulated between pT1 and pT3 upstaged tumors. This miRNA was also downregulated in our previous study of pT1 tumors that progressed to metastatic disease. Transfection of ccRCC cells with pre-let-7c-5p significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and IGF1R expression. These findings suggest that miRNA dysregulation is involved in ccRCC progression, specifically through invasion, and that let-7c-5p downregulation contributes to the aggressiveness of small ccRCC tumors, in part, through its regulation of IGF1R.

Mesenchymal-epithelial differentiation of adamantinoma of long bones: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Three cases of adamantinoma were studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In the tubular pattern, well-differentiated epithelial cells and glandular structures were present, in addition to ill-defined glands. In the basaloid pattern, less differentiated epithelial cells with discohesion were seen in the central epithelial masses. This study established the epithelial nature of some tubular structures with slit-like lumina, easily misinterpreted as capillaries by light microscopy. Results also showed that the irregular spaces observed within the basaloid pattern probably result from cell discohesion. Moreover, this investigation demonstrates the epithelial nature of a subset of spindle cells within the stroma of adamantinoma and offers ultrastructural evidence for a probable mesenchymal-epithelial transformation as its histogenesis.

Microvillus inclusion disease associated with coarctation of the aorta and bicuspid aortic valve.

Microvillus inclusion disease is a life-threatening diarrheal disorder of infancy characterized by the presence of microvillus inclusions within the intestinal epithelium. We report a case of a neonate with microvillus inclusion disease that was associated with coarctation of the aorta and bicuspid aortic valve, cardiac malformations within the spectrum of left ventricular outlet tract obstruction. Possible links between the intestinal and cardiac phenotypes are discussed.