Adaptive dynamics of indigenous sheep in Canary Islands, Spain: A machine learning approach.

The objective of the study was to characterize the adaptive profile of Ibero-American sheep of the Canaria breed, evaluating the possible changes in thermoregulatory responses and coat characteristics to which the animals are exposed in the different seasons of the year. Data collected over a period of 12 months were analyzed, with information being observed in the interval of 15 days of each month, in 23 adult ewes kept in an intensive breeding system. The rectal temperature (RT) of Canaria ewes was higher (P < 0.001) in the summer and spring seasons. In contrast, the respiratory rate (RR) of the animals was higher in autumn. The surface temperature (ST) of the herd was lower during the spring. It was observed that the hair length (HL) and the hair density (NH) did not vary during the seasons. However, the hair diameter (HD) and the coat thickness (CT) varied, being in the spring, the season in which the animals had the highest HD and autumn, the season in which they had the lowest. The performance was similar throughout the seasons (P > 0.05). The morphological variables of the coat presented 63.8% of original cases grouped, which may characterize the morphological responses of the coat of these animals as an important trait of the adaptive profile of the breed, whereas the opposite occurred for thermoregulatory responses. The variables most used by the herd and that were most important were autumn (CT, NH, HD, HR, RT, and HL), summer (ST and RR), spring (RR, ST, and RT), and winter (RT, HD, HR, and RR). Sheep of the Canaria breed have an adaptive profile that dynamically uses thermoregulatory and morphological responses, molding themselves according to climate changes resulting from seasonal periods on the Island of Tenerife, Spain. The Canaria sheep stood out for the modification of the morphological characteristics of the coat, especially during autumn and spring, and can be considered an excellent genetic resource with excellent adaptive characteristics for arid environments such as those found in the Canary Islands.

Impacto das principais barreiras percebidas à prática de atividade física por aposentados de um município paulista / Impact of the main perceived barriers to the practice of physical activity by retirees of a Sao Paulo municipality / Impacto de las principales barreras percibidas a la práctica de actividad física por jubilados de un municipio paulista

Este estudo avaliou e verificou o nível de atividade física, índice de massa corporal e as principais barreiras percebidas que impedem ou dificultam a prática de atividade física (tempo livre suficiente; realiza atividade física suficiente; falta de companhia; falta de dinheiro, dentre outras), bem como conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico dessa população, a fim de reconhecer possíveis deficiências e propor novas estratégias que possam subsidiar a melhora na sua qualidade de vida. O estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado entre janeiro de 2014 e junho de 2015. A versão longa do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, o Questionário de Barreiras para a Prática de Atividade Física, e o peso corporal/estatura, foram usados para avaliar o nível de atividade física, barreiras e índice de massa corporal. A amostra final foi composta por 205 participantes aposentados de ambos os sexos; em relação ao índice de massa corporal, os participantes apresentaram mediana de 26,9 kg/m2, resultando em uma classificação como excesso de peso. Para o nível de atividade física no domínio lazer, 66,3% dos participantes se apresentaram insuficientemente ativos. E das 21 barreiras, nove apresentaram maior chance para o aumento do índice de massa corporal. Assim, torna-se importante ressaltar esses aspectos com relação à prática regular de atividade física, cujas barreiras podem ser transpostas se os profissionais e formuladores de políticas públicas implantarem programas voltados para esta população que visem ao incentivo dessa prática.

This study sought to assess the level of physical activity, body mass index and the main perceived barriers that impede or hinder the practice of physical activity (insufficient leisure time, enough physical activity, lack of company, lack of money among others), as well as to know the sociodemographic profile of this population, in order to recognize possible deficiencies and propose new strategies that can subsidize the improvement in their quality of life. The study population-based cohort study was conducted from January 2014 to June 2015. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Barriers Questionnaire to practice physical activity and body weight/height were used to assess the level of activity physical, barriers and body mass index. The final sample consisted of 205 active participants of both sexes, in relation to body mass index participants had a median of 26.9 kg / m2, resulting in a classification as overweight. To the level of physical activity in leisure domain 66.3% participants presented insufficiently active. And the 21 barriers, nine had increased relative to the increase in body mass index. Thus, it is important to highlight these aspects related to regular physical activity where barriers can be crossed if practitioners and policymakers implement programs toward this population aimed at encouraging this practice.

Este estudio evaluó y verificó el nivel de actividad física, índice de masa corporal y las principales barreras percibidas que impiden o dificultan la práctica de actividad física (tiempo libre suficiente, realiza actividad física suficiente, falta de compañía, falta de dinero, entre otras), así como conocer el perfil sociodemográfico de esa población, a fin de reconocer posibles deficiencias y proponer nuevas estrategias que puedan subsidiar la mejora en su calidad de vida. El estudio transversal de base poblacional se realizó entre enero de 2014 y junio de 2015. La versión larga del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física, el Cuestionario de Barreras para la Práctica de Actividad Física, y el peso corporal / estatura, fueron usados para evaluar el el nivel de actividad física, las barreras y el índice de masa corporal. La muestra final fue compuesta por 205 participantes jubilados de ambos sexos; en relación al índice de masa corporal, los participantes presentaron una mediana de 26,9 kg / m2, resultando en una clasificación como exceso de peso. Para el nivel de actividad física en el ámbito de ocio, el 66,3% de los participantes se presentaron insuficientemente activos. Y de las 21 barreras, nueve presentaron mayor probabilidad para el aumento del índice de masa corporal. Así, es importante resaltar esos aspectos con relación a la práctica regular de actividad física, cuyas barreras pueden ser transpuestas si los profesionales y formuladores de políticas públicas implementan programas dirigidos a esta población que apunten al incentivo de esa práctica.

Effects of chemical treatments on fresh-cut papaya.

Four treatments (control, 0.1% cinnamaldehyde, 0.75% calcium chloride and combination of 0.1% cinnamaldehyde and 0.75% calcium chloride) were used to evaluate chemical effects on shelf life, quality and sensory acceptability of fresh-cut papaya (Carica papaya L.). Papaya slices were packed and covered with polypropylene film, stored at 5 °C; and evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days for microbiological and physicochemical changes. A sensory evaluation was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. There was no occurrence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli or psychotropic bacteria. The cinnamaldehyde alone and a combination of cinnamaldehyde and calcium chloride treatments yielded better control of the total coliforms. The combination treatment decreased the CO2 concentration and increased the maintenance of papaya firmness. All the treatments had acceptability. The combination treatment was the most effective treatment for flavor, taste, and preservation until day 12.

Chemical elements in organic and conventional sweet oranges.

This work focuses on the determination of chemical elements in sweet oranges of variety Valencia produced under organic and conventional systems using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The distribution of chemical elements was variable among the fruit parts with usually higher concentrations of Br, Ca, Ce, K, La, Na, Rb, and Sc in the peel. However, K, Na, and Rb also presented high values in the juice samples, while Fe and Zn were higher in the seeds. Differences between organic and conventional oranges were found for Br and Cu.

A correlação de métodos dexa e cdexa em absortimetria mineral óssea / The correlation between DEXA and CDEXA methods in bone mineral absorptiometry

OBJETIVO: Estudar a intercambiabilidade dos resultados de densidade mineral óssea entre máquinas de absortimetria de raios-x em duas energias (DEXA) Hologic® e de absortimetria computadorizada de raios-x convencionais em duas energias (CDEXA) Cromox®. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Para 38 casos de quadril e 31 casos de coluna lombar avaliados em 43 pacientes atendidos em um centro de diagnóstico por imagem, medidas de densidade mineral óssea foram realizadas em ambas as máquinas. A máquina Cromox® foi calibrada usando-se o phantom Cromox® de referência para absortimetria óssea. RESULTADOS: Forte correlação entre os resultados obtidos nas duas máquinas foi encontrada para cada sítio do esqueleto. O coeficiente de correlação linear medido para o colo femoral direito foi r = 0,920, p < 0,0001, e r = 0,923, p < 0,0001 para as vértebras L2-L4 da coluna lombar. Como o resultado expresso em Tscore é importante na prática clínica em densitometria óssea, a diferença média em Tscore entre as máquinas foi calculada, resultando em média aritmética de DTscore = 0,191 para o quadril e média aritmética de DTscore = 0,228 para a coluna. Estado esquelético é estabelecido de acordo com a definição da Organização Mundial da Saúde como normal, osteopenia ou osteoporose. A concordância de estado esquelético entre as máquinas foi superior a 76 por cento para o quadril e superior a 77 por cento para a coluna, e superior a 96 por cento quando se considerou concordância em ao menos um dos dois sítios. CONCLUSÃO: Os coeficientes de correlação linear obtidos são muito próximos das referências internacionais entre máquinas padrão-ouro, reportados como r > 0,95. Para ambos os sítios, a diferença média aritmética em Tscore entre as máquinas é pequena, menor que a menor variação significativa.

OBJECTIVE: To study the interchangeability of the bone mineral density results between Hologic® dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Cromox® computed dual energy conventional x-ray absorptiometry (CDEXA) equipments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight femoral necks and 31 lumbar spines of 43 patients underwent bone mineral density measured by both equipments in a diagnostic imaging center. The Cromox® equipment was calibrated with a reference Cromox® phantom for bone absorptiometry. RESULTS: A strong correlation between results obtained from the two devices was found for each skeletal site. The linear correlation coefficient measured for the right femoral neck was r = 0.920, p < 0.0001, and r = 0.923, p < 0.0001 for the lumbar spine L2-L4 vertebrae. Considering the relevance of the Tscore result in the clinical practice for bone densitometry, the mean difference of the Tscore between devices was calculated, resulting in an arithmetic mean DTscore = 0.191 for hips and an arithmetic mean DTscore = 0.228 for the lumbar spines. The skeletal status is established according to the World Health Organization definition as normal, osteopenia or osteoporosis. The skeletal status concordance between devices was higher than 76 percent for hips and higher than 77 percent for spines; and higher than 96 percent when considering concordance in at least one of the two sites. CONCLUSION: The linear correlation coefficients obtained are very close to the international references among gold standard devices, reported as r > 0.95. For both sites, the arithmetic mean difference in Tscore between devices is low - least than the lowest significant variance.

Efeito do nível de células somáticas sobre os constituintes do leite II-lactose e sólidos totais / Effects of somatic cell levels on milk components II-lactose and total solids

Em laboratório foram determinadas eletronicamente a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e as concentraçöes de lactose e sólidos totais de 1.361 amostras de leite com o objetivo de verificar como a concentraçäo desses componentes do leite é alterada pelo aumento da CCS. A CCS foi transformada para escore linear. O aumento do escore levou a uma reduçäo da concentraçäo de lactose, mas näo alterou a concentraçäo de sólidos totais. A reduçäo da concentraçäo de lactose foi altamente significativa (p < 0,001), e aproximadamente 34 por cento da variaçäo de sua concentraçäo podem ser explicados pelo aumento do escore linear