Effects of Ballista and Kilroy Springs on Palatally Impacted Canines: A Finite Element Model Analysis.

Objective: This study evaluated the stress distribution and displacement on impacted maxillary canines and their adjacent teeth of orthodontic forced eruption using Ballista and Kilroy springs by finite element model (FEM) analysis. Methods: Two different FEMs applying the same force level on an impacted canine tooth (Model 1: Ballista spring, Model 2: Kilroy spring) were conducted using FEM analysis and the principal stresses, von Mises stresses, and displacements were evaluated. Results: Von Mises values at the cusp tip of impacted canines were measured as 0.009896 N/mm² in the Ballista model and 0.015334 N/mm² in the Kilroy model. The highest value was measured in the buccal apex of the first premolar in both spring designs. The extrusion was observed in Ballista, and intrusion was observed in the Kilroy model at the apex of the first premolar. The Ballista model showed the highest value (0.003642 N/mm²) at the buccal tip of the first premolar, while in the Kilroy model, the highest measurement (0.002989 N/mm²) was shown at the incisal edge of the lateral tooth. Conclusion: Von Mises stress values were higher in the Kilroy model at the cusp tip and apical part of the impacted tooth than that in the Ballista model. The highest von Mises stress values were concentrated on the buccal root apex of the first premolar in both models. Although the amount of force applied by the springs was the same, the stress values were different depending on the spring design.

Clinical comparisons of different fixed orthodontic retainers.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to compare the clinical outcomes of three different fixed lingual retainers, in terms of effects on periodontal health and success rate. METHODS: Forty five patients aged 13 to 25 years were randomly assigned into three groups, using bonded upper and lower lingual retainers. The study groups were as follows: Group 1- Bond-A-Braid®, Group 2- everStick® ORTHO, Group 3- Super-Splint. The follow-up appointments were performed two weeks (Baseline=T0), one month (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3) after the application of retainers. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), Bleeding in Probing (BOP) and Retainer Failure were assessed at each appointment. RESULTS: The everStick Ortho group showed significantly lower PI values on the upper-lower lingual side after three (p=0.008) and six (p=0.001) months. The everStick Ortho group had significantly lower upper lingual (GI) levels after six months, and lower lingual side levels after one month. The Super-Splint group showed significantly lower PD values on the upper lingual side after six months. The everStick Ortho group presented significantly lower BOP levels after six months on the upper lingual side. No significant differences between the groups (p>0.05) in terms of retainer failure were found. CONCLUSIONS: The everStick Ortho group presented better results in terms of periodontal health. The failure rates of the retainers were similar.

CAD/CAM single-retainer monolithic zirconia ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial dentures bonded with two different resin cements: Up to 40 months clinical results of a randomized-controlled pilot study.

PURPOSE: This pilot study was part of a larger study planned for the future which aimed to compare the clinical success of two different resin cements used in the cementation of CAD/CAM single-retainer monolithic zirconia ceramic resin-bonded fixed dentures (RBFPDs). METHODS: Twenty-four RBFPDs were fabricated with monolithic zirconia (Katana™ Zirconia HT, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Tokyo, Japan). Panavia F2.0 (PF2.0; n = 12) and Panavia V5 (PV5; n = 12) were used for cementation. The survival period was defined as the time when the restoration was placed in the mouth and lasted until an irreparable damage occurred. The repairable failures were identified as relative and irreparable failures were identified as absolute failure. The survival rate of the RBFPDs was determined by the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean observation times of the PF2.0 group and the PV5 group were 40.45 ± 6.15 months and 40.18 ± 6.41 months, respectively. Four failures occurred in the PF2.0 group. No failure was observed in the PV5 group. The curves of survival rate (PF2.0 = 80%, PV5 = 100%) showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.031), although success rate (PF2.0 = 66.7%, PV5 = 100%) showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.317). CONCLUSION: Up to 40 months mean follow-up period, performance of RBFPDs bonded with PV5 was better than with PF2.0. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: For clinicians, it is a matter of hesitation to apply single-retainer RBFPDs. This study contains results of 40 months (minimum 32, maximum 50.47 months) clinical follow-ups of single-retainer RBFPDs. These results will enlighten clinicians about the clinical success of the resin cement type for single-retainer monolithic zirconia ceramic RBFPDs.

Evaluation of Nasal Tip Projection and Rotation of Nasal Tip after Orthognathic Surgery by Using Goode's Method.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the projection and rotational tipping(upturning) changes in the nose after orthognathic surgery by using the Goode Method. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 21 adult patients (12 males, 9 females) who had double jaw surgery (Lefort I Maxillary Advancement and Impaction + Mandibular Setback) were evaluated by using Goode's method(nasal projection) and by evaluation of NLA(Nasolabial Angle)(Nasal rotation) on pre-op and post-op standardized photographs. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between NLA baseline and outcome mean values (p: 0.519), while there was a statistically significant difference between Goode ratios baseline and outcome values (p: 0.025). There was no statistically significant relationship between NLA values and Goode ratios changes and, age, Maxillary Advancement, Impaction and Setback. Gender did not have an effect on the changes of NLA values and Goode ratios. Conclusion: The results of this study presented significant sagittal direction nasal changes in the form of nasal tip protrusion after double jaw surgery, while no statistical effect was found on nasal tip rotation in the vertical direction.

Comparison of objective wear time between monoblock and twin-block appliances measured by microsensor.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the objective compliance levels in skeletal Class II patients with mandibular retrognathia wearing monoblock and twin-block appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective clinical study was conducted with 30 patients between 10 and 15 years old who were equally divided into two study groups. Group 1 was treated with monoblock, and group 2 was treated with twin-block appliances. The patients were instructed to wear their appliance for 15 hours per day. Wear times were monitored by a microsensor. (TheraMon; MCTechnology, Hargelsberg, Austria) for an average of six appointments. Patients were also instructed to record their wear times on a chart, and this record was admitted as subjective wear time. Statistical analysis was performed with the data derived from both the patients' charts and the monitoring records. RESULTS: The mean wear time by the patients was 10.67 ± 3.93 hours, which was less than the 15 hours prescribed by the orthodontist, with no difference between the two appliances (P > .05). The regular use rate, which included the days with a wear time of 8 hours or more per day, was 75%. Compliance levels decreased by 35% throughout the six control appointments. Patients declared that their wear time was more than their objective wear time by an average of 3.76 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Despite their different designs, there was no significant difference between the monoblock and twin-block appliances in terms of compliance.

Effect of Fluoride Releasing Bonding Materials on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of three different fluoride-releasing bonding agents with a conventional adhesive system. METHODS: Eighty-four extracted human premolar teeth were separated into four groups and embedded in acrylic molds consisting of 21 teeth in each group. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT in group 1, Clearfil SE Protect Bond in group 2, LED Proseal in group 3, and Opalseal in group 4. After bracket bonding, the teeth were thermocycled 1000 times. SBS test was performed, and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores of the groups were assessed. RESULTS: One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the significant differences between the groups. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate ARI scores. The Opalseal group showed the highest bond strength, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in SBS values (p=0.067). The results of ARI scores were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: All bonding materials used in the study showed clinically sufficient bond strengths.

Impact of Orthodontic Treatment Complexity on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Turkish Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic treatment complexity and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to assess the impact of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL in orthodontic patients with regard to gender and age. METHODS: This prospective clinical study included 102 patients aged 13-35 years who were referred to the orthodontic department. The impact of orthodontic treatment complexity was assessed using the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). The Turkish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to examine the subjects for OHRQoL before and after treatment. The before and after treatment data (T1 and T2, respectively) were tested using a paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni test was used to assess the differences in OHIP-14 across groups, as defined by the ICON. The cross-sectional comparisons between genders and age groups before and after treatment were tested using the Student's t-test. The level of significance was set to a p value of 0.05. RESULTS: Patients with moderate treatment complexity reported a significantly negative impact on the psychological disability domain compared to the difficult treatment complexity. OHRQoL improved after treatment. Females showed statistically significant and highest scores on the physical pain domain compared to males. Adults showed a statistically significant negative impact on the psychological domains before treatment as well as a statistically significant positive impact on the psychological disability domain after treatment compared to adolescents (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Orthodontic treatment improves OHRQoL, and orthodontic treatment complexity does not seem to have an impact on OHRQoL.

Assessment of Reliability of YouTube Videos on Orthodontics.

OBJECTIVE: In addition to being an entertainment channel, YouTube is also one of the most popular visual information sources today. People search YouTube to consult also on orthodontics, as well as on many other topics. The objective of the present study was to analyze the quality and reliability of information of the videos on YouTube about orthodontics. METHODS: YouTube was searched systematically by two researchers on orthodontics by using the keywords "Orthodontics," "Orthodontist," and "Orthodontic Treatment." Videos on the first three pages (60 videos) for each keyword were assessed. Researchers evaluated the reliability of the videos by using the Reliability Score (adapted from DISCERN) and the quality of the videos by using the Global Quality Score (GQS). RESULTS: The mean GQS results were 2.6±1.3 for videos in the "Orthodontist" group, 3.2±1.3 for videos in the "Orthodontics" group, and 2.3±1.2 for videos in the "Orthodontic Treatment" group on a 5-point scale. The Reliability Score results were 2, 2, and 1.5 for videos in the "Orthodontist," "Orthodontics," and "Orthodontic Treatment" groups, respectively, on a 5-point scale. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient results presented a positive relationship between the researchers. CONCLUSION: Owing to the lack of peer-review process and pre-upload scientific evaluation process, videos on YouTube can lead the public to misinformation.

Is there a relationship between maxillary canine impaction and ocular asymmetry.

INTRODUCTION: Impacted maxillary canines may be in close proximity with related structures, such as the nasal cavity, orbital cavity, and maxillary sinus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of unilateral maxillary canine impaction on ocular asymmetry. The null hypotheses were as follows: (1) there is no difference in the ocular location between the subjects with impacted canines and the control group; (2) there is no difference in the ocular location between the two sides of subjects with impacted canine. METHODS: A total of 50 subjects with unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines were selected as the study group, and 49 subjects without any impacted teeth were selected as controls. Ocular asymmetry was evaluated on standardized frontal photographs of the subjects in both groups, and the results were statistically compared. RESULTS: Unilateral impaction of maxillary canines did not have a statistically significant effect on the vertical ocular location, nor did maxillary canine impaction affect the horizontal ocular location on either side of the face within the impacted canine group. There was a statistically significant difference in the horizontal ocular location between the impacted canine group and the control group. Gender differences did not have an effect on the ocular location in either of the study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both hypotheses were accepted. A relationship between the impacted maxillary canine and ocular asymmetry could not be demonstrated.

Rapid maxillary expansion outcomes according to midpalatal suture maturation levels.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the relationship between skeletal and dental outcomes of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images between pre-pubertal peak (pre-peak) and post-pubertal peak (post-peak) patients. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference in the outcomes of RME treatment between the groups. METHODS: Thirty-two patients who underwent RME treatment were classified according to midpalatal suture maturation levels and then divided into two groups as pre-peak and post-peak. Skeletal and dental measurements were performed on the CBCT images at T0 (pre-treatment stage) and at T1 (post-treatment stage). Paired sample t test was used to evaluate normally distributed data and P < 0.05 was taken as the significance level. RESULTS: There were significant differences between T0 and T1 within the groups, but the changes between the pre-peak and post-peak patient groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Non-significant changes were found between the two groups, and the null hypothesis was excepted.

Evaluation of pain perception during orthodontic debonding of metallic brackets with four different techniques.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' pain levels during four different debonding procedures. The null hypothesis was that the pain perception of the patients undergoing four different debonding applications was not statistically significant different. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty orthodontic patients who underwent orthodontic debonding were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into 4 groups according to technique used in the patients. Debonding groups were as follows: Group 1) Conventional debonding group, Group 2) Medication group (acetaminophen was given 1 hour before debonding), Group 3) Soft bite wax group, and Group 4) Soft acrylic bite wafer group. The patients' levels of anxiety and fear of pain were evaluated before debonding, and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was applied to evaluate their pain perception during debonding. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate non-normally distributed data. Categorical data analysis were carried by chi-square and McNemar tests. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Anxiety scores of the patients were not statistically significant between both genders and debonding groups. In the quadrants in which the patients were perceived, the highest pain level was in the left side of the mandible. The teeth in which the highest pain level was perceived were the lower left and upper right lateral incisors. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the pain scores of the patients in each group, quadrant scores of female patients showed significant differences, being the lowest scores in the soft bite wax group. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the patients had no fear of pain before debonding. Pain levels of the patients in the conventional debonding group were not significantly different from those of the other groups, except quadrant scores of females in the soft bite wax group. The null hypothesis was accepted.

Evaluation of pain perception during orthodontic debonding of metallic brackets with four different techniques

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' pain levels during four different debonding procedures. The null hypothesis was that the pain perception of the patients undergoing four different debonding applications was not statistically significant different. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty orthodontic patients who underwent orthodontic debonding were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into 4 groups according to technique used in the patients. Debonding groups were as follows: Group 1) Conventional debonding group, Group 2) Medication group (acetaminophen was given 1 hour before debonding), Group 3) Soft bite wax group, and Group 4) Soft acrylic bite wafer group. The patients' levels of anxiety and fear of pain were evaluated before debonding, and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was applied to evaluate their pain perception during debonding. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate non-normally distributed data. Categorical data analysis were carried by chi-square and McNemar tests. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results Anxiety scores of the patients were not statistically significant between both genders and debonding groups. In the quadrants in which the patients were perceived, the highest pain level was in the left side of the mandible. The teeth in which the highest pain level was perceived were the lower left and upper right lateral incisors. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the pain scores of the patients in each group, quadrant scores of female patients showed significant differences, being the lowest scores in the soft bite wax group. Conclusions Majority of the patients had no fear of pain before debonding. Pain levels of the patients in the conventional debonding group were not significantly different from those of the other groups, except quadrant scores of females in the soft bite wax group. The null hypothesis was accepted.

Comparison of shear bond strength of three different adhesives used as temporary bite raiser in daily orthodontic practice.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three different adhesives (Transbond XT, Light Cure Adhesive, 3M Unitek; Transbond Plus, Light Cure Band Adhesive, 3M Unitek; Transbond Supreme LV, Low Viscosity Light Cure Adhesive, 3M Unitek), which were applied to the etched enamel of occlusal faces of mandibular molar teeth to gain bite opening. The null hypothesis was that there is no statistically significant difference between shear bond strength of these three adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight human molar teeth were equally divided into three groups (n=16). Teeth were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and were polished and etched. Adhesives were applied on the teeth and all adhesives were light cured for 20seconds. Universal Testing Machine was used for shear bond strength tests with a crosshead blade loaded at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Evaluating the type of failure was done by using Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was used to evaluate the remaining adhesive on the tooth. RESULTS: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant differences between the three different orthodontic adhesives. There was no significant difference (P=0.774) between the groups according to ANOVA test. According to Kruskal-Wallis test there was no statistically significant differences in ARI scores among groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The null hypothesis was accepted. There was no statistically significant difference among their bond strength values. All of three materials can be used as temporary bite openers.

The effect of prior sandblasting of the wire on the shear bond strength of two different types of lingual retainers.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total surface sandblasting on the shear bond strength of two different retainer wires. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the bond strength of the two types of lingual retainer wires when they are sandblasted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty human premolar teeth were equally divided into four groups (n=40). A pair of teeth was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and polished. Retainer wires were applied on the etched and rinsed surfaces of the teeth. Four retainers were used: group 1: braided retainer (0.010×0.028″, Ortho Technology); group 2: sandblasted braided retainer (0.010×0.028″, Ortho Technology); group 3: coaxial retainer (0.0215″ Coaxial, 3M) and group 4: sandblasted coaxial retainer (0.0215″ Coaxial, 3M). The specimens were tested using a universal test machine in shear mode with a crosshead speed of one mm/min. RESULTS: One-way analysis of variance (Anova) was used to determine the significant differences among the groups. There was no significant difference (P=0.117) among the groups according to this test. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis was accepted. There was no statistically significant difference among the shear bond strength values of the four groups.

Assessment of curve of spee in different malocclusions.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the depth of curve of Spee (COS) in Angle Class I, Angle Class II and Angle Class III malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Samples were chosen among the diagnostic materials in Istanbul Medipol University Department of Orthodontics. Ninety plaster models were chosen, and were divided into 3 groups (n=30) according to Angle dental malocclusion classification. The depth of curve of Spee was measured on left and right sides of mandibular dental models and mean values were used as depth of curve of Spee. ANOVA test was used to evaluate normally distributed data. Comparison of the sides were performed by using paired sample t test. Significance level was set to p<0.05. RESULTS: The depth of COS was found as deepest in Class II malocclusion (2.9±0.8 mm) and was relative flat in Class III malocclusion (2.1±0.9 mm) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between Angle Class I and Class III malocclusions. CONCLUSION: Since the depth of curve of Spee is increased in Class II malocclusions, this factor should be considered in treatment planning.

Evaluation of Orthodontic Patients at State and Foundation Universities According to the ICON Index.

OBJECTIVE: In Turkey, orthodontic treatments of individuals aged <18 years are covered by the Social Security Institution (SSI) according to the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) index at contracted healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to determine treatment needs and difficulties of patients applying to orthodontic clinics in state and foundation universities in Istanbul according to the ICON and to evaluate the extent of treatment coverage by the SSI. METHODS: Pre-treatment study casts of 831 patients were evaluated in terms of treatment needs and difficulties according to the ICON. This sample was distributed as 677 patients who applied to a State University's Orthodontic Department and 154 who applied to a Foundation University's Orthodontic Department. RESULTS: At the state university, 27.9% of the 437 patients had a score of <43 and were thus, described as "no treatment needed." At the foundation university, 35% of the 154 patients had a score <43 and were thus, described as "no treatment needed." When the ICON scores of the two universities were compared, no statistically significant difference was found between treatment needs distributions. CONCLUSION: The number of patients who applied for treatment for the same period was three times higher in the state university than in the foundation university, whereas the rates of treatment needs were found to be similar between both state and foundation universities. At both universities, nearly one-third of patients were evaluated as "no treatment needed." The ICON index was found to be a reliable index in terms of reproducibility.

Pain and chewing sensitivity during fixed orthodontic treatment in extraction and non-extraction patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in pain perception and chewing sensitivity between extraction and non-extraction patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty orthodontic patients (11 males, 19 females) were included in this study who were classified as extraction (n=15; 6 males, 9 females) and non-extraction patients (n=15; 7 males, 8 females). The mean age of patients were 15.10±1.83 years in non-extraction group and 15.44±0.75 years in extraction group. The patients were asked to complete the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire and they were asked to mark the presence or absence of sensitivity during 7 days after the first arch wire placement. Pain intensity comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Friedman test was used to analyze within-group differences over time. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in pain scores between the groups. Pain levels significantly decreased between day 1 and day 3 in both the groups. No differences were found in the chewing sensitivity between the non-extraction and extraction groups. CONCLUSION: No difference in the pain perception was observed between the extraction and non-extraction patients during the 7 days after arch wire placement.

Manual tracing versus smartphone application (app) tracing: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the results of conventional manual cephalometric tracing with those acquired with smartphone application cephalometric tracing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cephalometric radiographs of 55 patients (25 females and 30 males) were traced via the manual and app methods and were subsequently examined with Steiner's analysis. Five skeletal measurements, five dental measurements and two soft tissue measurements were managed based on 21 landmarks. The durations of the performances of the two methods were also compared. RESULTS: SNA (Sella, Nasion, A point angle) and SNB (Sella, Nasion, B point angle) values for the manual method were statistically lower (p < .001) than those for the app method. The ANB value for the manual method was statistically lower than that of app method. L1-NB (°) and upper lip protrusion values for the manual method were statistically higher than those for the app method. Go-GN/SN, U1-NA (°) and U1-NA (mm) values for manual method were statistically lower than those for the app method. No differences between the two methods were found in the L1-NB (mm), occlusal plane to SN, interincisal angle or lower lip protrusion values. CONCLUSIONS: Although statistically significant differences were found between the two methods, the cephalometric tracing proceeded faster with the app method than with the manual method.