RESUMO
Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is a rare disease, caused by chemical or mechanical disturbance of respiratory centers. It is characterized by the absence of extracerebral respiratory stimuli. A woman developed severe respiratory alkalosis and lactatemia after resection of a posterior fossa meningioma despite lack of cardio-respiratory or metabolic alterations. Cerebral computed tomography (cCT) revealed edema of the pontomedullary area. Treatment with mannitol and dexamethasone reestablished normal breathing patterns. Lactatemia was likely due to reduced splanchnic lactate utilization. Intracranial pathologies should be suspected in case of hyperventilation without overt reasons. cCT to confirm edema or ischemia and prompt treatment is suggested.