Rate of Revision Surgery and Associated Risk Factors After Primary Arthroscopic ACL Repair With Additional Suture Augmentation.

Background: Recent studies have suggested promising patient-reported outcomes after primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair with additional suture augmentation (SA). Purpose: To evaluate the risk for revision surgery and identify patient- and injury-related risk factors after ACL repair with SA in a large patient cohort subject to strict patient selection. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were 86 patients (61 female; 93% follow-up rate) who underwent arthroscopic ACL repair with SA between January 2017 and March 2019 by a single surgeon and had a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Patients were selected for surgery with regard to time to surgery (preferably on the day of injury), tear pattern (limited to Sherman types 1 and 2), and tissue quality (intact synovial coverage). Postoperatively, the patients who needed revision surgery were identified and compared with patients who did not undergo revision surgery, using the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric analysis and the Student t test for parametric analysis. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to investigate the survival rate of the ACL repair. Results: A total of 9 patients (10%; median age, 48 years; interquartile range [IQR], 27-50 years) underwent revision surgery at 12 months postoperatively (IQR, 8-25 months). The median follow-up of patients without revision surgery was 35 months (IQR, 33-44 months). The revision-free survival rate was 97% (95% CI, 93%-100%) after 1 year, 93% (95% CI, 88%-98%) after 2 years, and 90% (95% CI, 83%-97%) after 4 years. Patient-related factors-such as sex (P = .98), age at surgery (P = .459), body mass index (P = .352), and preinjury level of sports (P = .53)-had no significant impact on the survival rate of the ACL repair. Injury-related factors-such as concomitant injuries of the medial (P = .860) and lateral menisci (P = .414) and the medial (P = .801) and lateral collateral ligaments (P = .534) or same-day surgery compared with a delay of surgery of up to 18 days (P = .277)-had no significant impact on the survival rate of the ACL repair. Conclusion: The revision rate of primary ACL repair with SA at a 2-year follow-up was 10%. Patient- and injury-related factors were not associated with the survival rate of the ACL repair.

Shoulder dislocations in professional male football (soccer): A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the German Bundesliga from season 2012/2013 until 2022/2023.

PURPOSE: Injuries exert a detrimental impact on the team performance in professional football. Shoulder dislocations are known for their severity and often cause substantial lay-off times. However, there is a notable gap in the general understanding regarding the frequency and convalescence of these events in professional football. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to determine the incidence, (2) to evaluate return to competition (RTC) and redislocation events (RDEs) and (3) to identify relevant player-, match- and injury-related parameters. METHODS: All shoulder dislocations within the highest three German football leagues (1.-3. Bundesliga) during the seasons 2012/2013 until 2022/2023 were identified. Player-, injury- and match-related data were obtained by performing a media analysis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. p Value was set at 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 90 first-time shoulder dislocations in 89 players with a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 23-28) were available for analysis. The incidence was 9.1 per 1000 Bundesliga matches played and increased over time. Forty-four (49%) shoulder dislocations were treated conservatively and 46 (51%) operatively. Median RTC was 24 days (IQR: 12-43) following conservative and 103 days (IQR: 85-135) following surgical treatment (p < 0.001). Twenty-two (24%) players suffered a redislocation, of whom 13 (59%) underwent initial conservative and nine (41%) initial surgical treatment (not significant [n.s.]). RDE following conservative treatment was after a median of 4 months (IQR: 2-22) and 7 months (IQR: 3-23) following surgical treatment (n.s.). CONCLUSION: The incidence of shoulder dislocation within professional football is increasing and currently amounts to 9.1 per 1000 matches played. A conservative treatment leads to a quicker RTC, while frequency and time to RDE were similar regardless of treatment. The increasing incidence of shoulder dislocations in professional football necessitates an analysis of relevant injury mechanisms and the implementation of specific preventive measures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

How shoulder immobilization after surgery influences daily activity - a prospective pedometer-based study.

PURPOSE: Immobilization, especially of the lower extremity, after orthopaedic surgery has been associated with reduced physical activity. Previous interventions from our study group showed even in young, healthy people reduced activity levels after immobilization of the shoulder. Therefore, this study investigates the change in physical activity due to shoulder immobilization after a reconstructive surgery. METHODS: This prospective study includes 40 patients undergoing surgery from May 2019 to December 2020. Daily activity was measured before surgery, after discharge and three weeks postoperatively each time for six days. Activity including step counts and active time were measured by Fitbit™ inspire. Range of motion before and after surgery as well as Pain (VAS) were documented. RESULTS: Steps became significantly less immediately postoperatively with an immobilized shoulder joint than before surgery (9728.8 vs. 6022.6, p < 0.05). At follow-up, the number of steps increased again, but still showed a significantly lower number of steps (mean 8833.2) compared to preoperative. Patients preoperatively showed mostly an "active" activity pattern, whereas postoperatively a "low active" behaviour predominated. The proportion of sedentary behaviour ("basal activity" and "limited activity") was almost three times higher postoperatively (12.5% vs. 30%). CONCLUSION: General physical activity is restricted during upper limb immobilization in adults. Therefore, activity-enhancing measures should be implemented in the early phase of rehabilitation after upper extremity surgery.

Endoprosthetic Reconstruction of the Proximal Humerus with an Inverse Tumor Prosthesis.

Reconstructing the proximal humerus after tumor removal is challenging due to muscle and bone loss. The current methods often result in poor shoulder function. This study assessed the long-term functional and oncological outcomes of using an inverse proximal humerus prosthesis in 46 patients with bone tumors. The results showed a mean range of motion of 62° in anteversion, 28° in retroversion, and 55° in abduction. Notably, 23 patients achieved over 90° of shoulder abduction, with an average of 140°. The median Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score was 25. Complications included infection in two radiotherapy patients and single dislocations in seven patients. One patient with recurrent dislocations needed revision surgery. In conclusion, the use of the inverse proximal humerus prosthesis in bone tumor treatment yields excellent shoulder function and high patient satisfaction. This approach is especially beneficial for those with metastatic disease.

Distal Humeral Replacement in Patients with Primary Bone Sarcoma: The Functional Outcome and Return to Sports.

Distal humeral replacement (DHR) is a limb-salvage option for the endoprosthetic reconstruction of bone defects following the resection of a primary bone sarcoma. As primary bone sarcomas are only occasionally located around the distal humerus, there is a paucity of information regarding postoperative function, and patients' resumption of sporting activities. With advances in diagnostics and in surgical and oncological treatment leading to an increased patient life expectancy and higher quality of life, patients' functional outcome and return to sports activities are of increasing interest. Between 1997 and 2021, a total of 24 patients underwent DHR with a single-design modular implant at a tertiary sarcoma center. A total of 14 patients who died of their disease were excluded, leaving a study cohort of 10 patients, with a median age of 30 years on the day of surgery (IQR 20-37). At the last follow-up, after a median of 230 months (IQR 165-262), the median MSTS was 19 (IQR 13-24), the median TESS was 79 (IQR 66-87), the median SEV was 38% (IQR 24-53), the median TS was 6 (IQR 4-7), and the median WAS was 3 (IQR 1-8). Among the variables of gender, surgery on the dominant extremity, intraoperative nerve resection, extra-articular tumor resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and revision surgeries, none were associated with a better/lower functional outcome score or return to sports activities. However, a higher level of sports performance prior to diagnosis (WAS > 10) was associated with a higher level of sports performance postoperatively (p = 0.044).

The Role of Single Positive Cultures in Presumed Aseptic Total Hip and Knee Revision Surgery-A Systematic Review of the Literature.

(1) Background: Prior to revision hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA), periprosthetic low-grade infection (PJI) should be ruled out. Despite advances in preoperative diagnosis, unsuspected positive cultures (UPCs) may occur in initially planned aseptic revisions. Particularly, single UPCs pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, as their impact on outcome is unclear and recommendations are heterogeneous. This review investigates the frequency of single UPCs and their impact on implant survivorship. (2) Methods: In July 2022, a comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane Library search. In total, 197 articles were screened. Seven retrospective studies with a total of 5821 cases were able to be included in this review. (3) Results: Based on the cases included, UPCs were found in 794/5821 cases (14%). In 530/794 cases (67%), the majority of the UPCs were single positive. The most commonly isolated pathogens were coagulase negative Staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes. Five of seven studies reported no influence on revision- or infection-free survival following a single positive culture. In two studies, single UPCs following THA revision were correlated with subsequent re-revision for PJI. (4) Conclusions: Single UPCs of a non-virulent pathogen following presumed aseptic TKA revision may be interpreted as contaminants. A single UPC following THA revision may be a risk factor for subsequent PJI. The role of systemic antibiotic treatment remains unclear, but it should be considered if other risk factors for PJI are present.

What Is the Risk of Dislocation and Revision in Proximal Femoral Replacement with Dual-mobility Articulation After Two-stage Revision for Periprosthetic Hip Infection?

BACKGROUND: Dislocation is a major complication of revision THA after two-stage exchange for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The likelihood of dislocation can be particularly high if megaprosthetic proximal femoral replacement (PFR) has been performed during a second-stage reimplantation. Dual-mobility acetabular components are an established way of reducing the instability risk in revision THA; however, the likelihood of dislocation for dual-mobility reconstructions in the setting of a two-stage PFR has not been studied systematically, although patients with these reconstructions might be at an increased risk. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) What is the risk of dislocation and revision for dislocation in patients who underwent PFR with a dual-mobility acetabular component as part of two-stage exchange for hip PJI? (2) What is the risk of all-cause implant revision and what other procedures were performed (apart from revision for a dislocation) in these patients? (3) What potential patient-related and procedure-related factors are associated with dislocation? METHODS: This was a retrospective study from a single academic center including procedures performed between 2010 and 2017. During the study period, 220 patients underwent two-stage revision for chronic hip PJI. Two-stage revision was the approach of choice for chronic infections, and we did not perform single-stage revisions for this indication during the study period. Thirty-three percent (73 of 220) of patients underwent second-stage reconstruction with a single-design, modular, megaprosthetic PFR because of femoral bone loss, using a cemented stem. A cemented dual-mobility cup was the approach of choice for acetabular reconstruction in the presence of a PFR; however, 4% (three of 73) were reconstructed with a bipolar hemiarthroplasty to salvage an infected saddle prosthesis, leaving 70 patients with a dual-mobility acetabular component and a PFR (84% [59 of 70]) or total femoral replacement (16% [11 of 70]). We used two similar designs of an unconstrained cemented dual-mobility cup during the study period. The median (interquartile range) patient age was 73 years (63 to 79 years), and 60% (42 of 70) of patients were women. The mean follow-up period was 50 ± 25 months with a minimum follow-up of 24 months for patients who did not undergo revision surgery or died (during the study period, 10% [seven of 70] died before 2 years). We recorded patient-related and surgery-related details from the electronic patient records and investigated all revision procedures performed until December 2021. Patients who underwent closed reduction for dislocation were included. Radiographic measurements of cup positioning were performed using supine AP radiographs obtained within the first 2 weeks after surgery using an established digital method. We calculated the risk for revision and dislocation using a competing-risk analysis with death as a competing event, providing 95% confidence intervals. Differences in dislocation and revision risks were assessed with Fine and Gray models providing subhazard ratios. All p values were two sided and the p value for significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The risk of dislocation (using a competing-risks survivorship estimator) was 17% (95% CI 9% to 32%) at 5 years, and the risk of revision for dislocation was 12% (95% CI 5% to 24%) at 5 years among patients treated with dual-mobility acetabular components as part of a two-stage revision for PJI of the hip. The risk of all-cause implant revision (using a competing-risk estimator, except for dislocation) was 20% (95% CI 12% to 33%) after 5 years. Twenty-three percent (16 of 70) of patients underwent revision surgery for reinfection and 3% (two of 70) of patients underwent stem exchange for a traumatic periprosthetic fracture. No patients underwent revision for aseptic loosening. We found no differences in patient-related and procedure-related factors or acetabular component positioning for patients with dislocation with the numbers available; however, patients with total femoral replacements had a higher likelihood of dislocation (subhazard ratio 3.9 [95% CI 1.1 to 13.3]; p = 0.03) and revision for a dislocation (subhazard ratio 4.4 [95% CI 1 to 18.5]; p = 0.04) than those who received PFR. CONCLUSION: Although dual-mobility bearings might be an intuitive potential choice to reduce the dislocation risk in revision THA, there is a considerable dislocation risk for PFR after two-stage surgery for PJI, particularly in patients with total femoral replacements. Although the use of an additional constraint might appear tempting, published results vary tremendously, and future studies should compare the performance of tripolar constrained implants to that of unconstrained dual-mobility cups in patients with PFR to reduce the risk of instability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study.

Function and return to sports after proximal humeral replacement in patients with primary bone sarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Improved patient and limb survival rates have led to an increased interest in the functional outcome and return to sports of patients undergoing megaprosthetic reconstruction in musculoskeletal oncology. This study evaluates the functional outcome and postoperatively performed level of sports in patients undergoing proximal humeral replacement (PHR) following resection of a primary bone sarcoma and identifies potential beneficial and limiting factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2007 and 2020, a total of 606 patients underwent resection of a primary bone sarcoma and reconstruction with a single-design modular implant. For 112 (18%) patients, the location of the tumour was the proximal humerus. Exclusion criteria were death (n = 65), patients living overseas (n = 8), and subsequent amputation (n = 1), leaving 38 patients for evaluation, of whom 32 were available for the study (13 women, median age 42 years). Clinical data regarding oncological and surgical treatment as well as subsequent complications were obtained from the patients' electronic medical records. Functional outcome was determined using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) as well as the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV). Return to sports was assessed using the Tegner Activity Score (TS) and the modified Weighted Activity Score (WAS). RESULTS: At the last follow-up after a median of 30 months (IQR 22-58), median MSTS was 18 (IQR 12-24), median TESS was 80% (IQR 69-87), median SSV was 35% (IQR 10-58), median TS was 5 (IQR 4-6) and median WAS was 5 (IQR 0-10). Preservation of the axillary nerve, a reverse shoulder reconstruction and a WAS of > 10 prior to surgery were associated with better functional outcome and return to sports activity scores. CONCLUSION: Following PHR, good to excellent functional outcomes are possible, and patients regularly return to participate in sports activities-most commonly in low-impact types of sports, but some individuals are even able to participate in high-impact sports activities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

MUTARS® Humero pro Femur replacement: A novel reconstructive procedure after malignant bone tumor resection of the femur in young children.

Limb-preserving surgery in young children suffering malignant bone tumor of the femur is challenging due to the specific anatomical conditions. Extendable tumor endoprostheses are often oversized, while custom-made endoprostheses do not provide the intraoperatively required variability regarding reconstruction length. Allo- and autograft replacements, on the other hand, show high complication and revision rates. We report a novel reconstructive procedure after resection of malignant bone tumors of the femur in young children, and present our preliminary results of this technique.

Erratum to 'Fungal Periprosthetic Knee Joint Infection in a Patient With Metamizole-Induced Agranulocytosis' [Arthroplasty Today 6 (2020) 726-730].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.07.040.].

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Prior to Percutaneous Sclerotherapy of Venous Malformations-Proof of Concept Study for Prediction of Clinical Outcome.

Prediction of response to percutaneous sclerotherapy in patients with venous malformations (VM) is currently not possible with baseline clinical or imaging characteristics. This prospective single-center study aimed to predict treatment outcome of percutaneous sclerotherapy as measured by quality of life (QoL) by using radiomic analysis of diffusion-weighted (dw) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after first percutaneous sclerotherapy. In all patients (n = 16) pre-interventional (PRE-) and delta (DELTA-) radiomic features (RF) were extracted from dw-MRI before and after first percutaneous sclerotherapy with ethanol gel or polidocanol foam, while QoL was assessed using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) health questionnaire. For selecting features that allow differentiation of clinical response, a stepwise dimension reduction was performed. Logistic regression models were fitted and selected PRE-/DELTA-RF were tested for their predictive value. QoL improved significantly after percutaneous sclerotherapy. While no common baseline patient characteristics were able to predict response to percutaneous sclerotherapy, the radiomics signature of VMs (independent PRE/DELTA-RF) revealed high potential for the prediction of clinical response after percutaneous sclerotherapy. This proof-of-concept study provides first evidence on the potential predictive value of (delta) radiomic analysis from diffusion-weighted MRI for Quality-of-Life outcome after percutaneous sclerotherapy in patients with venous malformations.

Evaluation of a novel classification system to predict local recurrence in sarcoma patients undergoing hemipelvectomy with iliosacral resection.

AIMS: Iliosacral sarcoma resections have been shown to have high rates of local recurrence (LR) and poor overall survival. There is also no universal classification for the resection of pelvic sarcomas invading the sacrum. This study proposes a novel classification system and analyzes the survival and risk of recurrence, when using this system. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 151 patients (with median follow-up in survivors of 44 months (interquartile range 12 to 77)) who underwent hemipelvectomy with iliosacral resection at a single centre between 2007 and 2019. The proposed classification differentiates the extent of iliosacral resection and defines types S1 to S6 (S1 resection medial and parallel to the sacroiliac joint, S2 resection through the ipsilateral sacral lateral mass to the neuroforamina, S3 resection through the ipsilateral neuroforamina, S4 resection through ipsilateral the spinal canal, and S5 and S6 contralateral sacral resections). Descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test were used for categorical variables, and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. RESULTS: Resections were S1 in 25/151 patients (17%), S2 in 70/151 (46%), S3 in 33/151 (22%), S4 in 77/151 (11%), S5 in 4/151 (3%), and S6 in 2/151 (1%). An internal hemipelvectomy was performed in 113/151 patients (75%), and 38/151 patients (25%) had an external hemipelvectomy. The predominant types of sarcoma were high-grade osteosarcoma in 48/151 patients (32%), chondrosarcoma in 41/151 (27%), Ewing sarcoma in 33/151 (22%), pleomorphic sarcoma in 17/151 (11%), and others in 2/151 (8%). LR was found in 24/151 patients (15%) with S3, S5, with S6 resections showing the highest rate of LR (p = 0.038). Overall, 19/151 patients (16%) had evidence of metastastic disease at the time of surgery and these patients showed poorer survival when compared to patients with no metastasis. CONCLUSION: The proposed classification can help to report and compare different surgical and reconstructive approaches in these difficult cases who are still have a considerable risk of LR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):290-296.

Implant Survival, Clinical Outcome and Complications of Megaprosthetic Reconstructions Following Sarcoma Resection.

Megaprosthetic reconstruction of segmental bone defects following sarcoma resection is a frequently chosen surgical approach in orthopedic oncology. While the use of megaprostheses has gained popularity over the last decades and such implants are increasingly used for metastatic reconstructions and in non-tumor cases, there still is a high risk of long-term complications leading to revision surgery. This article investigates current implant survivorship, frequency and types of complications as well as functional outcomes of upper and lower limb megaprosthetic reconstructions.

Surgeons' non-transparent facemasks challenge the physician-patient relationship in the orthopedic outpatient clinic of a tertiary university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study of 285 patients.

Background and purpose - Facemasks play a role in preventing the respiratory spread of SARS-CoV-2, but their impact on the physician-patient relationship in the orthopedic outpatient clinic is unclear. We investigated whether the type of surgeons' facemask impacts patients' perception of the physician-patient relationship, influences their understanding of what the surgeon said, or affects their perceived empathy. Patients and methods - All patients with an appointment in the orthopedic outpatient clinic of a tertiary university hospital during the 2-week study period were included. During consultations, all surgeons wore a non-transparent (first study week) or transparent facemask (second study week). Results of 285 of 407 eligible patients were available for analysis. The doctor-patient relationship was evaluated using the standardized Patient Reactions Assessment (PRA) and a 10-point Likert-scale questionnaire ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree). Results - A non-transparent facemask led to more restrictions in the physician-patient communication and a worse understanding of what the surgeon said. Patients' understanding improved with a transparent facemask with greatest improvements reported by patients aged 65 years and older (non-transparent: 6 [IQR 5-10] vs. transparent: 10 [IQR 9-10], p < 0.001) and by patients with a self-reported hearing impairment (non-transparent: 7 [IQR 3-7] vs. transparent: 9 [IQR 9-10], p < 0.001). The median PRA score was higher when surgeons wore a transparent facemask (p= 0.003). Interpretation - Surgeons' non-transparent facemasks pose a new communication barrier that can negatively affect the physician-patient relationship. While emotional factors like affectivity and empathy seem to be less affected overall, the physician-patient communication and patients' understanding of what the surgeon said seem to be negatively affected.

Revision TKA with a distal femoral replacement is at high risk of reinfection after two-stage exchange for periprosthetic knee joint infection.

PURPOSE: Megaprosthetic distal femoral reconstruction (DFR) is a limb-salvage procedure to address bone loss following two-stage revision for periprosthetic knee joint infection (PJI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the survival of DFR compared to hinged total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It was hypothesized that DFR was associated with a poorer survival. METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, 97 subjects who underwent two-stage revision of chronic knee PJI were included. Among these, 41 were DFR. The diagnosis of PJI was established using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Implant survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test as well as multivariate Cox regression at a minimum follow-up period of 24 months. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 59 (interquartile range (IQR) 45-78) months. Overall, 24% (23/97) of patients required revision surgery for infection. The infection-free survival of rotating hinge revision TKA was 93% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 86-100%) at five years compared to 50% (95% CI 34-66%) for DFR. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for reinfection were DFR reconstruction (HR 4.7 (95% CI 1-22), p = 0.048), length of megaprosthesis (HR 1.006 (95% CI 1.001-1.012), p = 0.032) and higher BMI (HR 1.066, 95% CI 1.018-1.116), p = 0.007). 10% (4/41) of patients undergoing DFR underwent amputation to treat recurrent infection. CONCLUSION: Megaprosthetic DFR as part of a two-stage exchange for PJI is a salvage treatment that has a high risk for reinfection compared to non-megaprosthetic TKA. Patients must therefore be counseled accordingly. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective observational study, Level IV.

[Is polytrauma treatment in deficit in the aG-DRG system?] / Ist die Polytraumaversorgung im aG-DRG-System defizitär?

BACKGROUND: The interdisciplinary care of severely injured patients is staff and resource intensive. Since the introduction of the G­DRG system in Germany in 2003, most studies have identified a financial deficit in the care of severely injured patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the new aG-DRG system introduced in 2020 on cost recovery in the treatment of severely injured patients. For the first time, the costs for organization, certification and documentation as well as the costs for non-seriously injured shock room patients were included. METHODS: All patients who were treated in the surgical shock room of the emergency department of the Leipzig University Hospital in 2017 were included. For the analysis, the cost model according to Pape et al. was extended by the module organization, documentation and certification and for the first time the costs for overtriaged patients were considered. A cost calculation was performed for the years 2017-2020 as well a comparison with the respective earnings. RESULTS: A total of 834 patients were treated in the shock room and 258 severely injured patients were divided into 3 groups: ISS 9-15 + ICU (n 72; ∅ ISS 11.9; costs per patient 14,715 €),ISS ≥ 16 (n 186; ∅ ISS 27.7; costs per patient 30,718 €) and DRG polytrauma (n 59; ∅ ISS 32.4; costs per patient 26,102 €). CONCLUSION: Polytrauma care under the aG-DRG 2020 is in deficit. Overall, in 2020 a deficit of 5858 € per severely injured patient resulted.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Diseases of the Upper Extremity Among Dental Professionals in Germany.

OBJECTIVE: Although many findings on occupational musculoskeletal complaints are available from American and European dentists, the corresponding data from Germany are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide additional information on the prevalence of and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity, particularly the shoulder in this specific population. METHODS: A written survey was carried out among 600 dentists in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Questionnaire items included physical and psychosocial workload, general health, and the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms during the previous 12 months that led to sick leave and medical care according to a modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Regression analysis was used to evaluate relevant risk factors for severe musculoskeletal disorders. RESULTS: A total of 229 dentists were participated in the study (response rate 38%). Overall, 92.6% of the participants had already suffered from musculoskeletal symptoms in at least one body region. Symptoms were mostly reported in the neck (65.1%) and in the shoulder (58.1%). Limitations in daily activities were experienced by 15.9% due to neck pain and by 15.4% due to shoulder pain. Medical care was sought by 23.7% because of neck pain and by 21.1% due to shoulder pain. Risk factors for symptoms in the upper extremity regions were gender (female), increased physical load, and numerous comorbidities. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists. Suitable interventions are therefore needed to prevent musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals, with particular attention to female dentists.

Anchor Site Fracture Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

INTRODUCTION: Fractures at the anchor site following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair are rare and only a few case reports have been described. We report two additional well-documented cases of this uncommon post-operative complication and provide a review of the current literature. CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old male underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) due to a massive rotator cuff tear. Nine weeks postoperatively, the patient suffered a humeral head fracture at the anchor site of the ARCR after trauma. Despite subsequent surgical treatment with open reduction and internal fixation, the patient demonstrates with excellent functional outcome scores at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Humeral head fractures are a rare complication after ARCR. The use of intraosseous anchors requires careful consideration regarding positioning and quantity used.

Periprosthetic Stress Shielding of the Humerus after Reconstruction with Modular Shoulder Megaprostheses in Patients with Sarcoma.

(1) Background: Modular megaprosthetic reconstruction using a proximal humerus replacement has emerged as a commonly chosen approach after bone tumor resection. However, the long-term risk for revision surgery is relatively high. One factor that might be associated with mechanical failures is periprosthetic osteolysis around the stem, also known as stress shielding. The frequency, potential risk factors, and the effect on implant survival are unknown. (2) Methods: A retrospective single-center study of 65 patients with sarcoma who underwent resection of the proximal humerus and subsequent reconstruction with a modular endoprosthesis. Stress shielding was defined as the development of bone resorption around the prosthesis stem beginning at the bone/prosthesis interface. The extent of stress shielding was measured with a new method quantifying bone resorption in relation to the intramedullary stem length. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months with conventional radiographs available and the median follow-up amounted to 36 months. (3) Results: Stress shielding was observed in 92% of patients (60/65). The median longitudinal extent of stress shielding amounted to 14% at last follow-up. Fifteen percent (10/65) showed bone resorption of greater than 50%. The median time to the first radiographic signs of stress shielding was 6 months (IQR 3-9). Patients who underwent chemotherapy (43/65) showed a greater extent of stress shielding compared to those without chemotherapy. Three percent (2/65) of patients were revised for aseptic loosening, and one patient had a periprosthetic fracture (1/65, 1.5%). All these cases had >20% extent of stress shielding (23-57%). (4) Conclusions: Stress shielding of the proximal humerus after shoulder reconstruction with modular megaprosthesis is common. It occurs within the first year of follow-up and might be self-limiting in many patients; however, about one third of patients shows progression beyond the first year. Still, mechanical complications were rare, but stress shielding might be clinically relevant in individual cases. The extent of stress shielding was increased in patients who underwent perioperative chemotherapy. Stress shielding can be quantified with an easy method using the stem length as a reference.