Avaliação nutricional do resíduo desidratado de cervejaria para coelhos em crescimento / Nutritional evaluation of dried brewer for growing rabbits

Foi conduzido um ensaio de digestibilidade para determinar o valor nutritivo do resíduo desidratado de cervejaria (RDC) e outro para verificar o desempenho de coelhos em crescimento alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de RDC e a viabilidade econômica da utilização do RDC. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 20 coelhos, de ambos os sexos, da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com idade média de 45 dias, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos, sendo uma dieta referência e outra dieta teste, na qual o RDC substituiu a ração referência em nível de 30%. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca (MS), da energia bruta (EB), da proteína bruta (PB) do RDC foram de 49,97%, 49,34%, e 71,06%, respectivamente, com valores de energia digestível (ED) e proteína digestível (PD) do RDC, com base na matéria seca, de 2330,60kcal/kg e 15,75%. No experimento de desempenho, foram avaliadas rações com níveis de inclusão de RDC de 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% e 25%. Foram utilizados 120 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, 60 machos e 60 fêmeas, com 32 dias de idade, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e 10 repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por dois animais. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho dos coelhos alimentados com ração contendo níveis crescentes de RDC, exceto para a conversão alimentar aos 70 dias, que apresentou efeito quadrático no período dos 32 aos 70 dias de idade, com a pior conversão alimentar ao nível de 16,95% de RDC. No entanto, houve redução linear nos custos com alimentação, por quilo de ganho de peso dos animais. Conclui-se que o resíduo desidratado de cervejaria apresenta CDA equivalente aos ingredientes convencionais, podendo ser incluído até o nível máximo estudado de 25% nas rações de coelhos em crescimento, sem prejudicar o desempenho.(AU)

Two experiments were conducted, being a digestibility assay in order to determine the nutritive value of dehydrated diets containing different levels of DBR, and the economic viability of the use of DRC brewer residue (DBR) and other assays to verify the performance of growing rabbits fed. In the digestibility experiment, twenty White New Zealand rabbits were used, with an average age of 45 days, of both genders, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, one reference diet and other test diets, in which the DBR replaced the basal diet at 30% level. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) of DBR were, respectively, 49.97%, 49.34% and 71.06%. The values of digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) of the DBR, based on dry matter, were 2330.60kcal/kg and 15.75%. In the performance experiment, diets with levels of DBR inclusion of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were evaluated. One hundred and twenty 32 days old New Zealand White rabbits were used, being 60 males and 60 females, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and ten replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in the performance of rabbits fed diets containing increasing levels of dehydrated brewer residue, except for feed conversion at 70 days which presented a quadratic effect, with the worst results at the level of 16.95% of the DBR inclusion in the diet. It is concluded that the dehydrated brewer residue has good nutritional value and can be included up to the maximum level studied of 25% in the diets of growing rabbits, with no damage to its performance.(AU)

Digestibilidade de nutrientes em rações de frangos de corte suplementadas com promotores de crescimento / Nutrient digestibility in diets for broilers supplemented with growth promoters

Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da utilização de diferentes promotores de crescimento sobre o metabolismo de frangos de corte em crescimento. Foram avaliadas duas dietas, uma atendendo às exigências nutricionais de frangos de corte (normal) e uma dieta reduzida, com 5% a menos da exigência nutricional (reduzida), suplementadas ou não com antibióticos e prebióticos. Foram utilizados 180 pintos de corte criados em galpão convencional, com cama de maravalha, até os 21 dias de idade. Em seguida, foram divididos em 36 gaiolas, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, utilizando método tradicional de coleta de excretas. Houve interação (P<0,05) entre dieta e promotores de crescimento para os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal da matéria seca (CDIMS), da proteína bruta (CDIPB) e do extrato etéreo (CDIEE). A dieta reduzida contendo antibiótico apresentou menor CDIMS. A dieta normal contendo antibiótico apresentou maior CDIPB (P<0,05), enquanto a dieta reduzida contendo prebiótico apresentou melhor CDIPB e CDIEE (P<0,05). Os valores dos coeficientes de digestibilidade total da matéria seca (CDTMS), da proteína bruta (CDTPB) e do extrato etéreo (CDTEE) apresentaram interação (P<0,05) entre dietas e promotores de crescimento, em que a dieta reduzida contendo antibiótico apresentou menor CDTMS e CDTEE. A dieta normal apresentou maiores valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que, ao se reduzir a exigência nutricional da ração, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi reduzida, no entanto os óleos essenciais promoveram aumento nos coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e do extrato etéreo.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using different growth promoters on the metabolism of growing broilers. We evaluated two diets, one meeting the nutritional requirements of broilers (normal) and another reduced diet with 5% less than the nutritional requirement (reduced), supplemented or not with antibiotics and prebiotics. A total of 180 broiler chicks reared in shed masonry and wood shaving bedding until 21 days of age. The animals were divided into 36 cages and distributed in a completely randomized design, using a traditional method of excreta collection. There was an interaction (P<0.05) between diet and growth promoters for ileal digestibility coefficient of dry matter (IDCDM), crude protein (IDCCP) and ether extract (IDCEE). The reduced diet containing antibiotics had lower IDCDM. The normal diet containing antibiotic had higher IDCCP (P<0.05), whereas the reduced diet containing prebiotic showed better IDCCP and IDCEE (P<0.05). The values of total digestibility coefficient of dry matter (TDCDM), crude protein (TDCCP) and ether extract (TDCEE) showed interaction (P<0.05) between diets and growth promoters, where the reduced diet containing antibiotics had lower TDCDM and TDCEE. A normal diet had higher apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) (P<0.05). It was concluded that when the nutritional requirement of diet was reduced, the nutrients digestibility was also reduced, however essential oils caused an increase in ileal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract.

Predicting outcome of anterior temporal lobectomy using simulated neural networks.

PURPOSE: Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is an important option for treatment of medically refractory seizures. Patient selection is not always clear-cut, and there is inherent morbidity and mortality associated with the invasive and expensive surgical protocols. To determine whether patient selection might be facilitated by application of artificial intelligence, we developed a model that predicted seizure outcome after ATL, using a simulated neural network (SNN). METHODS: Predictions of the model were compared with predictions derived from conventional discriminant function analysis. Neural networks and discriminant functions were devised that would predict the occurrence of both Class 1 outcomes (totally seizure-free), and Class 1 or Class 2 outcomes (nearly or totally seizure-free), using data from 87 patients from three surgical centers. The SNNs and discriminant functions were developed using data from a randomly selected subsample of 65 patients, and both models were cross-validated, using the remaining 22 patients. RESULTS: The discriminant functions showed overall predictive accuracy of 78.5% and 72.7%, while the neural networks demonstrated overall accuracy of 81.8% and 95.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Simulated neural networks show promise as adjuncts to decision-making in the selection of epilepsy surgery patients.

Neuroscience, modularity and personality theory: conceptual foundations of a model of complex human functioning.

The purpose of this paper is to lay the groundwork for the development of a scientific theory of complex human functioning. We first discuss the assumptions on which our thinking is based, then advance the argument that behavior, and human activity in general, may be more fully understood in light of current data on the structural organization of the central nervous system. The brain is organized as a modular, distributed, self-organizing system, which is in constant transaction with the environment. Because of its plasticity, structural and functional change occurs in the brain as a result of experience throughout life. It is our thesis that complex human behavior is organized in a similar manner - that is, human personality and behavior manifest themselves as modular systems. The insights provided by an understanding of the relationship of brain and behavior may enhance the capacity to explain both normal and pathological personality functioning.