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OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between low self-reported sleep quality (LSQ) and fall in middle-aged and older adults every half-decade of life. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the first wave (2015-2016) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), which is nationally representative. The sample consisted of 8,950 participants who were allocated into eight age groups: 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, and ≥ 85 years. The questionnaires used included self-reported sleep quality and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version. Fisher's exact test followed by binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the odds ratio of sleep quality for fall occurrence, controlled for confounding variables. RESULTS: Individuals aged 50-105 years (63.6 ± 10.2 years), 57.0% females and 43.0% males, participated in this study. Overall, 21.5% of participants experienced at least one fall. The relative frequency of participants classified as having high or LSQ remained constant across each half-decade of life. The LSQ exhibited a statistically significant OR (p < 0.05) for falls across age groups up to 84, even after accounting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: LSQ is significantly associated with an increased occurrence of fall in adults aged >50 years, but not for ≥ 85 years regardless of sex and physical activity level.
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Acidentes por Quedas , Qualidade do Sono , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Idoso , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Longitudinais , Autorrelato , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores EtáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) is a type of physical-cognitive exercise. Such exercise has been used as an exercise approach in different studies with older adults. This scoping review provides an overview of the protocols and outcomes of studies employing the SSE in older adults. METHODS: We searched in the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, CABI Global Health, and Web of Science databases for articles published between 2006 (first research article published on SSE) to December 2023 that met a robust inclusion criterion. The search yielded 424 articles, and after inclusion criteria being applied, 37 articles were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: A total of 37 studies were included in the final analysis. Thirty-three out of the 37 studies focused on apparently healthy older adults, while four were conducted with older adults with neurological disease (i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke). Most studies (n = 25) adopted an experiment (i.e., randomized controlled trial) or quasi-experimental approach, while 12 were classified as non-randomized (i.e., cross-sectional, mixed methods). The studies were conducted in different parts of the globe and adopted three major formats of intervention delivery, namely in-person, online, and home-based. Frequency, SSE session duration and intervention length significantly varied among studies, and reported outcomes were in the domains of physical and cognitive function. CONCLUSION: This review comprehensively described the characteristics of 37 studies employing SSE in apparently healthy older adults and older adults with neurological diseases. The findings demonstrated that SSE has been used by researchers across the globe, adopting a variety of forms of delivery, and to particularly improve physical and cognitive function of different segments of the older adult population. The review further identified important gaps in research, including the restricted outcomes, and the lack of studies combining SSE with more traditional exercise modalities to address potential combinatory effects.
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Terapia por Exercício , Idoso , Humanos , Terapia por Exercício/métodosRESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant changes in society's dynamics, particularly affecting the landscape of education. Research in several areas may have been affected during periods of social restrictions. This study analyzed the curricula of 558 researchers across 27 graduate programs in physical education in Brazil to investigate the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific publications. Researchers' production from 2018 to 2022 underwent a comprehensive analysis, considering the total number of publications, Qualis rank, and journal impact factor. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Significance was set at 5%. Overall, the analyzed researchers published a total of 17,932 manuscripts from 2018 to 2022. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decline of 16.4% in the number of articles published (p = 0.001). This decline was similar between men and women (p = 0.603) and was associated with a worsening in Qualis rank (p = 0.001). The number of studies published in journals with impact factors was also affected (p = 0.001). The findings suggest a potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the scientific production of Brazilian researchers in the field of physical education. Funding agencies should consider the challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic before evaluating researchers and programs.
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Introduction: Locomotor adaptation is a motor learning process used to alter spatiotemporal elements of walking that are driven by prediction errors, a discrepancy between the expected and actual outcomes of our actions. Sensory and reward prediction errors are two different types of prediction errors that can facilitate locomotor adaptation. Reward and punishment feedback generate reward prediction errors but have demonstrated mixed effects on upper extremity motor learning, with punishment enhancing adaptation, and reward supporting motor memory. However, an in-depth behavioral analysis of these distinct forms of feedback is sparse in locomotor tasks. Methods: For this study, three groups of healthy young adults were divided into distinct feedback groups [Supervised, Reward, Punishment] and performed a novel locomotor adaptation task where each participant adapted their knee flexion to 30 degrees greater than baseline, guided by visual supervised or reinforcement feedback (Adaptation). Participants were then asked to recall the new walking pattern without feedback (Retention) and after a washout period with feedback restored (Savings). Results: We found that all groups learned the adaptation task with external feedback. However, contrary to our initial hypothesis, enhancing sensory feedback with a visual representation of the knee angle (Supervised) accelerated the rate of learning and short-term retention in comparison to monetary reinforcement feedback. Reward and Punishment displayed similar rates of adaptation, short-term retention, and savings, suggesting both types of reinforcement feedback work similarly in locomotor adaptation. Moreover, all feedback enhanced the aftereffect of locomotor task indicating changes to implicit learning. Discussion: These results demonstrate the multi-faceted nature of reinforcement feedback on locomotor adaptation and demonstrate the possible different neural substrates that underly reward and sensory prediction errors during different motor tasks.
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INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can lead to numerous deficits in body functions, including balance and mobility impairment. This study examined the effect of lower back and lower extremity kinesiology tape (KT) application on static balance and physical functioning performance in people with MS (pwMS) and compared that to a non-elastic tape. METHODS: This pilot randomized study recruited and enrolled 10 participants with MS that were allocated into two groups: kinesio (n = 6) and non-elastic (n = 4) tape. Participants were assessed with and without the respective tape on static balance with eyes open and closed and various physical function tests. RESULTS: Effect sizes for the Kinesio tape intervention were found to be small, while effect sizes for the sham tape/place condition varied from small to high. For both groups, the tendency was to reduce or maintain performance on the tests comparing tape and no tape. A subsequent, mixed-factor ANOVA revealed no significant difference between KT or sham tape/placebo. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that KT applied on lower back and lower extremity muscles does not seem to improve static balance and physical function performance in pwMS.
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Fita Atlética , Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Dorso , Extremidade InferiorRESUMO
This study examined the prevalence and the impact of fear of falling (FOF) on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (PA), and physical function in older adults living in a continuing care retirement community (CCRC). Ninety-three older adults were included and self-reported assessed on PA and SB. Further, participants' physical function was assessed using a collection of measures of valid objective tests. Independent t test was used to compare the dependent variables between FOF groups, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to control for assistive device usage. FOF was prevalent in 47.3% of the sample and PA and SB did not differ between FOF groups (p > .05). ANCOVA revealed that performance on several physical function tests remained significantly better (p < .05) for the no FOF group compared to the yes group. Our findings demonstrated similar levels of PA and SB between FOF groups, but worse physical function for older adults reporting FOF.
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Acidentes por Quedas , Exercício Físico , Medo , Vida Independente , Comportamento Sedentário , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação Geriátrica , AutorrelatoRESUMO
Physical function is regarded as the cornerstone of healthy aging, and exercise is an important determinant of healthy aging. This study examined the feasibility and physiological (heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate, and rate of perceived exertion) and psychological (enjoyment) response resulting from an acute progressive sled-push (SLP) exercise session using the novel XPO Sled Trainer in older adults and compared that with walking (WKC) condition. The exercise session comprised six exercise bouts at 75%, 85%, 100% (2×), and 125% (2×) of normal velocity with a 2-min rest between bouts. Thirty-six older adults were randomly allocated into either the SLP or WKC conditions. No adverse events were observed during the exercise session, and all participants completed the exercise protocol as prescribed. One-third of the participants in the SLP group reported minimal body discomfort. Significantly higher responses were observed for all physiological variables as the intensity of the exercise increased in the SLP group compared with the WKC group (p < .001). The SLP group presented a decline in enjoyment as the intensity of the exercise increased (during), but similar enjoyment level than the WKC group for the overall exercise session (p = .711). Our findings support the viability and safety of SLP exercise using the XPO Sled Trainer in older adults. Such exercise demonstrated an intensity-driven modality that may have potential to elucidate positive adaptations in the cardiovascular system of older adults with acceptable levels of enjoyment.
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Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Estudos de ViabilidadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between low self-reported sleep quality (LSQ) and fall in middle-aged and older adults every half-decade of life. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the first wave (2015-2016) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), which is nationally representative. The sample consisted of 8,950 participants who were allocated into eight age groups: 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, and ≥ 85 years. The questionnaires used included self-reported sleep quality and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version. Fisher's exact test followed by binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the odds ratio of sleep quality for fall occurrence, controlled for confounding variables. Results: Individuals aged 50-105 years (63.6 ± 10.2 years), 57.0% females and 43.0% males, participated in this study. Overall, 21.5% of participants experienced at least one fall. The relative frequency of participants classified as having high or LSQ remained constant across each half-decade of life. The LSQ exhibited a statistically significant OR (p < 0.05) for falls across age groups up to 84, even after accounting for confounding variables. Conclusion: LSQ is significantly associated with an increased occurrence of fall in adults aged >50 years, but not for ≥ 85 years regardless of sex and physical activity level.
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre baixa qualidade do sono autorrelatada (BQS) e quedas em adultos de meia-idade e idosos a cada meia década de vida. Método: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido utilizando dados da primeira onda (2015-2016) do Estudo Longitudinal Brasileiro do Envelhecimento (ELSI-Brasil), que é nacionalmente representativo. A população consistiu em 8.950 participantes que foram alocados em oito grupos etários: 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84 e ≥ 85 anos. Os questionários utilizados incluíram qualidade do sono autorrelatada e o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física versão curta. O teste exato de Fisher seguido pela análise de regressão logística binária foi conduzida para identificar a razão de chances da BQS para ocorrência de queda, controlando por variáveis de confusão. Resultados: Pessoas com idades entre 50 e 105 anos (63,6 ± 10,2 anos), sendo 57,0% do sexo feminino e 43,0% do sexo masculino, participaram deste estudo. No geral, 21,5% dos participantes experimentaram pelo menos uma queda. A frequência relativa de participantes classificados como tendo BQS ou alta permaneceu constante em cada meia década de vida. A BQS exibiu uma OR (p < 0,05) notável para quedas em grupos etários até 84 anos, mesmo após o ajuste para variáveis de confusão. Conclusão: A BQS está significativamente associada a uma maior ocorrência de queda em adultos com mais de 50 anos, mas não para ≥ 85 anos, independentemente do sexo e do nível de atividade física.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre la baja calidad del sueño autorreportada (BCS) y las caídas en adultos de mediana edad y mayores cada media década de vida. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando datos de la primera oleada (2015-2016) del Estudio Longitudinal Brasileño sobre el Envejecimiento (ELSI-Brasil), que es representativo a nivel nacional. La muestra consistió en 8,950 participantes que fueron asignados a ocho grupos de edad: 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84 y ≥ 85 años. Los cuestionarios utilizados incluyeron calidad del sueño autorreportada y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física versión corta. Se realizó una prueba exacta de Fisher seguida por un análisis de regresión logística binaria para identificar la razón de probabilidades de la calidad del sueño para la ocurrencia de caídas, controlando las variables de confusión. Resultados: Participaron en este estudio individuos con edades entre 50 y 105 años (63,6 ± 10,2 años), siendo el 57,0% mujeres y el 43,0% hombres. En general, el 21,5% de los participantes experimentaron al menos una caída. La frecuencia relativa de participantes clasificados como con alta calidad de sueño o baja calidad de sueño (BCS) se mantuvo constante a lo largo de cada media década de vida. La BCS mostró un OR (p < 0,05) notable para las caídas en grupos de edad hasta los 84 años, incluso después de ajustar por variables de confusión. Conclusión: La BCS está significativamente asociada con una mayor ocurrencia de caídas en adultos mayores de 50 años, pero no para ≥ 85 años, independientemente del sexo y del nivel de actividad física.
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BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry is associated with slow gait speed. Both mark muscle dysfunction, potential risk of falls, and adverse health outcomes. This association was found in older adults from high-income countries, but not yet studied in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, there is no HGS asymmetry referential to identify the disabling process. Thus, our study aims to verify the association of HGS asymmetry with slowness in older adults from six low- and middle-income countries and to propose cut points to slowness. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with data from 12,669 older adults (≥60 years) of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in six low- and middle-income countries were analyzed. Based in the difference between upper body sides HGS (asymmetry), participants were categorized in groups as 0.0-10.0% (reference group), 10.1-20.1%, 20.1-30.0% or >30.0%. Slow gait speed was established as <0.59 (men) and <0.51 (women) m/s. Associations of HGS asymmetry with gait speed were ascertained with logistic regression. HGS asymmetry index "[(HGS asymmetry*HGS)/(BMI*Age)]*100" cut points to identify slowness were generated with the ROC curve and Youden index (α = 5%). RESULTS: Compared to HGS reference group, those with HGS asymmetry of 10.1-20%, 20.1-30.0% and >30.0% had a superior odds for slowness [1.18(CI:1.02,1.42); 1.17(CI: 0.97; 1.44); and 1.21(CI:1.03;1.43), respectively]. HGS asymmetry index cut points to identify slowness were ≤1.14 (women) and ≤1.77 (men). CONCLUSIONS: HGS asymmetry association with slowness is present in economically disadvantaged countries. We proposed a new index for impaired muscle function with acceptable sensibility and specificity.
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Força da Mão , Velocidade de Caminhada , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Países em Desenvolvimento , EnvelhecimentoRESUMO
Resumo A valoração da atividade física é uma abordagem não evidenciada como conceito ou definição. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender a conceituação e fomentar uma discussão preliminar acerca da valoração da atividade física, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura seguida de uma revisão integrativa utilizando diferentes estratégias de busca. A partir dos critérios de inclusão da revisão sistemática não foram identificados estudos que procuraram definir e/ou conceituar a valoração da atividade física. Porém, a partir da seleção e leitura dos artigos na revisão integrativa, buscou-se compreender em quais contextos os estudos foram desenvolvidos e quais os métodos de valoração se referiam à atividade física. Sugere-se que a valoração da atividade diz respeito à importância que o indivíduo direciona a atividade física, ou seja, um juízo de valor determinado à atividade física que pode se relacionar ao custo hedônico, valoração contingente e ao custo evitado.
Resumen La valoración de la actividad física es un enfoque no evidenciado como concepto o definición. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue comprender la conceptualización y promover una discusión preliminar sobre la valoración de la actividad física, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura seguida de una revisión integradora, utilizando diferentes estrategias de búsqueda. Con base en los criterios de inclusión de la revisión sistemática, no se identificaron estudios que buscaran definir y/o conceptualizar la valoración de la actividad física. Sin embargo, a partir de la selección y lectura de artículos en la revisión integradora, buscamos comprender en qué contextos se desarrollaron los estudios y qué métodos de valoración se referían a la actividad física. Se sugiere que la valoración de la actividad atañe a la importancia que el individuo le da a la actividad física, o sea, un juicio de valor determinado a la actividad física que puede relacionarse con el costo hedónico, la valoración contingente y el costo evitado.
Abstract The valuation of physical activity has not yet been established as a concept or definition in the literature. Thus, the objective of the present study was to understand the concept and foster a preliminary discussion about the valuation of physical activity, through a systematic literature review followed by an integrative review with different search strategies. Considering the systematic review inclusion criteria, studies addressing the concept or definition of physical activity valuation were not identified. However, from the selection and reading of the articles in the integrative review, we sought to understand in which contexts the studies about physical activity valuation methods were developed. It is suggested that the valuation of physical activity is associated with the importance given by the individuals to physical activity, i.e. a broad concept related to value judgment regarding physical activity; the valuation of physical activity can be related to the hedonic pricing, the contingent valuation, and the avoided costs.
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Objective: This review aimed to compile the evidence on PA and clinical outcomes of people receiving a positive diagnosis of covid-19. Design: Systematic review. Methods: The search was performed in five databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed portal, Scopus, SPORTDiscus via EBSCO platform, and Web of Science. In addition, the "gray" literature was searched through Google Scholar and medRxiv published between January 2020 and July 2022. Studies were assessed for risk of bias, with the extraction of relevant data. Our search revealed a total of 10,028 studies. Results: After applying the eligibility criteria 32 studies were included. Thirty-one studies were at low to moderate risk of bias. Physically active individuals, who were diagnosed with covid-19, presented attenuation of clinical outcomes, such as decreased risk of hospitalization, recovery time, number of symptoms, severity, and ICU and death when compared to individuals with low levels of PA or classified as sedentary. Conclusions: Physically active individuals when diagnosed with covid-19 may have decreased risk of several clinical outcomes related to covid-19, including but not limited to hospitalization and number of symptoms. Public health authorities should develop strategies and initiatives that promote safe PA environments to improve the clinical prognosis of people diagnosed with covid-19. Study registration: Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI registry 10.17605/OSF.IO/PV6NF. It can be consulted through the access link: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PV6NF, October 07, 2021.
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People living with HIV (PWH) experience an accelerated reduction in bone mineral content (BMC), and a high risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Anthropometry is an accurate and low-cost method that can be used to monitor changes in body composition in PWH. To date, no studies have used anthropometry to estimate BMC in PWH. To propose and validate sex-specific anthropometric models to predict BMC in PWH. This cross-sectional study enrolled 104 PWH (64 males) aged >18 years at a local university hospital. BMC was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Anthropometric measures were collected. We used linear regression analysis to generate the models. Cross-validations were conducted using the "leave one out", from the predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS) method. Bland-Altman plots were used to explore distributions of errors. We proposed models with high coefficient of determination and reduced standard error of estimate for males (r2 = 0.70; SEE = 199.97 g; Q2PRESS = 0.67; SEEPRESS = 208.65 g) and females (r2 = 0.65; SEE = 220.96 g; Q2PRESS = 0.62; SEEPRESS = 221.90 g). Our anthropometric predictive models for BMC are valid, practical, and a low-cost alternative to monitoring bone health in PWH.
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Densidade Óssea , Infecções por HIV , Absorciometria de Fóton/métodos , Antropometria/métodos , Composição Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the protein Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays a neuroprotective role in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Also, BDNF seems to play a role in cognition performance. In the same line, gait in pwMS requires a higher cognitive resource, mainly during complex walking. Thus, maybe BDNF could be related to gait in pwMS. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between BDNF and gait spatial-temporal parameters during unobstructed and obstructed conditions and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) in pwMS and healthy controls (HC). METHODS: The study included 20 pwMS (11F/9M, 33.1±7.5 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale- EDSS 2.2±1.2) and 18 HC (13F/5M, 35.5±5.9 years). Both groups performed 20 gait attempts in two conditions: unobstructed walking (10 trials) and avoiding an obstacle. The obstacle was 15 cm in height and made of foam material. The BDNF serum concentration was collected with participants in fasting and completed before the clinical, gait, and mobility assessments. Clinical variables included the Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ- short version). Associations between BDNF and spatial-temporal gait parameters, clinical variables, and TUG were determined by Pearson/Spearman correlations with Bonferroni's correction being applied (p<0.0013). Gait was compared by a two-way, repeated-measures ANOVA (group and condition) to characterize our cohort. RESULTS: Reduced BDNF was observed for pwMS (41.66±4.45 ng/ml) in comparison with HC (61.67±7.07, p<0.001). However, although some correlations presented a moderate correlation between BDNF with gait variables, the correlations didn't reach a significant p-value after Bonferroni's correction. Lastly, pwMS presented shorter step length and slower step velocity for both gait conditions, with more evidence for obstacle conditions. Only pwMS changed gait behavior from unobstructed walking to obstacle avoidance conditions (i.e., reduced step length and velocity and increased step duration). CONCLUSION: BDNF is not related to either clinical (i.e., EDSS, SDMT, FSS, or IPAQ) or gait parameters in pwMS and HC, even in a condition involving higher cognitive demand. These results may suggest that BDNF does not play a role in these parameters' performance.
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Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Marcha , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Caminhada , AdultoRESUMO
This study aimed to: a) investigate the most common signs and symptoms reported by people infect-ed by the COVID-19, b) compare total time and weekly level of physical activity of people between pre- and post-infection period, and c) examine the association between physical activity levels and signs and symptoms reported during the disease cycle. Twenty-two adult people (14 males and 8 females, mean age 37.9 ± 16.8 years) living in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil participated in this study. Par-ticipants received a positive diagnosis for COVID-19 by PCR. Physical activity and sitting time was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Variables such as body mass index and the clinical condition of the disease (signs and symptoms) were collected. The most frequent signs and symptoms reported by active and inactive individuals, respectively, were loss of taste (77.8% and 25%), headache (66.7% and 25%), coughing (66.7% and 25%), difficulty breathing (61.1% and 25%), and sore throat (61.1% and 75%). A 120-minute reduction (p = 0.010) in the total time of weekly physical activity and a 155-minute reduction (p = 0.003) of weekly moderate physical activity was observed in the pre- and post-diagnostic COVID-19 infection comparison. There was further an association between difficulty breathing and being physically inactive (odds ratio = 0.222; 95%CI: 0.094 0.527). Our findings suggest that COVID-19 had a negative impact on physical activity and that being physically active may reduce the likelihood of presenting with difficulty breathing if infected with the SARS-CoV-2 and associated disease COVID-19
Este estudo teve como objetivo: a) investigar os sinais e sintomas mais comuns relatados por pessoas infectadas por COVID-19, b) comparar o tempo total e o nível semanal de atividade física das pessoas no período pré e pós-infecção, c) examinar a associação entre os níveis de atividade física e os sinais e sintomas relatados du-rante o ciclo da doença. Participaram deste estudo 22 pessoas (14 do sexo masculino e oito do feminino, idade média 37,9 ± 16,8 anos) residentes na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil. Todos receberam diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19 via PCR. A atividade física e o tempo sentado foram avaliados por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Variáveis como índice de massa corporal e o quadro clínico da doença (sinais e sintomas), foram coletadas. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram perda do paladar (77,8% e 25%), dor de cabeça (66,7% e 25%), tosse (66,7% e 25%), dificuldade para respirar (61,1% e 25%) e dor gar-ganta (61,1% e 75%), para indivíduos ativos e inativos, respectivamente. Uma redução de 120 minutos (p = 0,010) no tempo total de atividade física semanal e de 155 minutos (p = 0,003) de atividade física moderada semanal foi observada na comparação pré e pós-diagnóstico por COVID-19. Houve associação entre dificul-dade para respirar e ser fisicamente inativo (odds ratio = 0,222; IC95%: 0,094 0,527). Nossos resultados sugerem que a COVID-19 teve impacto negativo na atividade física e que pessoas fisicamente ativas podem reduzir a probabilidade de apresentar dificuldade para respirar quando diagnosticadas por COVID-19
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Consumo de Oxigênio , Valores de Referência , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional , Teste de EsforçoRESUMO
Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of people of all nations. This study examined physical activity (PA) behavior, barriers and facilitators to PA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed adults using a survey comprised of two parts: (a) demographics and general health and; (b) PA-related questions. The survey link was disseminated via email and various social media, and was active from September to October 2020. Results: A total of 277 adults (Mean ± SD; age = 32.6 ± 13.6 years, BMI = 27.1 ± 16.5 kg/m2) were evaluated. A majority of the sample was female (67%), single (53%) and White (70%). About a third of the participants reported good mental and physical health, with a similar amount reporting weight gain during the pandemic. Participants further reported on average 271 min of PA/week, and 5.7 h/day of sitting time. Overall, 41.5% of the participants reported a decrease in PA during the COVID-19 pandemic, but those not meeting PA recommendations reported higher rates (67.9%) of decrease in levels of PA than their active counterparts (23.6%); x 2 (2, N = 277) = 55.757, p < 0.01. Over 50% of the participants reported engaging in PA at home, with significantly more females (43.5%) than males (17.6%) making use of live stream PA/exercise session opportunities; x 2 (2, N = 277) = 18.896, p < 0.001. "Closed gyms" and "more time" were reported as the main negative and positive factors, respectively, affecting PA during the pandemic. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PA behavior was negatively affected in US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that "closed gym" (i.e., barrier), and "more time" (i.e., facilitator), were the main factors reported affecting PA participation. Given the well-known public health importance of PA, it is paramount that public health initiatives focus on providing not only educational but also environmental opportunities and support for PA during this period.
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This study examined the potential impact of BMI on physical function and lower-extremity muscle strength (leg extension and flexion peak torque) performance in active/trained older individuals. Sixty-four active/trained older individuals were enrolled, and later allocated to groups according to BMI categories (normal [≤ 24.9 kg/m2], overweight [25 to 29.9 kg/m2] and obese [≥ 30 kg/m2]). Sixty-four active/trained older individuals were enrolled, and later allocated to groups according to BMI categories (normal [≤ 24.9 kg/m2], overweight [25 to 29.9 kg/m2] and obese [≥ 30 kg/m2]). Assessments were conducted in two separate visits to the laboratory. In the first visit, participants underwent measures of height, body mass, and peak torque leg extension and flexion using an isokinetic dynamometer. On visit two, participants performed the 30-second Sit and Stand test (30SST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and 6-minute Walk (6MW) tests. ANOVA one-way was used to analyze the data and significance was set at P < .05. One-way ANOVAs did not reveal significance differences among BMI categories for leg extension peak torque (F(2,61) = 1.11; P = 0.336), leg flexion peak torque (F(2,61) = 1.22; P = 0.303), 30SST (F(2,61) =1.28; P = 0.285), TUG (F(2,61) = 0.238; P = 0.789), and 6MW (F(2,61) = 2.52; P = 0.089)]. Our findings indicated that for older individuals who exercise regularly, physical function tests which mimic ordinary activities of daily living, are not impacted by BMI status. Thus, being physically active may counteract some of the negative effects of high BMI observed in the older adult population.
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PURPOSE: Strong evidence supports the benefits of physical activity (PA) and exercise for adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) and multidisciplinary PA guidelines exist. Previous research indicates that healthcare professionals may not yet widely promote exercise to their patients with MS. Before active promotion of PA/exercise becomes widespread practice for healthcare professionals, it is essential to understand the disability and inaccessibility-related barriers to exercise for this population. We sought to understand the barriers to PA/exercise among individuals with MS across a spectrum of MS impairment. METHODS: Participants were instructed to take pictures of people, places and things that make PA/exercise easier or more difficult in preparation for a semi-structured interview. This photo elicitation approach allowed individuals to explain the barriers they faced even if they would not attribute those barriers to ableism or inaccessibility themselves. Interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-three persons with MS participated. Three main themes were: inaccessibility limits PA/exercise participation, ableism happens in the PA space, and assistive devices both provide access to PA and are associated with disability stigma. CONCLUSION: This study adds nuance to current understandings of the barriers and facilitators of PA in this population by illustrating the disability-specific barriers and experiences with inaccessibility. With increasing efforts to promote PA, there must be an increased awareness of the structural inequalities and barriers that physically and psychologically affect decision-making around PA.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThere are many barriers to exercise for individuals with multiple sclerosis which prevent this population from experiencing the benefits of exercise.Rehabilitation professionals may play a role in drawing attention to accessible resources when providing recommendations or discussing barriers with their patients/clients.Rehabilitation professionals should consider that people with MS make decisions about assistive technology based on their needs, the meanings they attribute to it, expectations and attitudes of people around them.People with MS experience disability stigma as they participate in exercise and physical activity and this may extend into the rehabilitation space in the form of perceived compulsory ablebodiedness.
Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Esclerose Múltipla , Adulto , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Exercício Físico , Terapia por Exercício , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/reabilitação , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Discriminação SocialRESUMO
Abstract Aim: The present scoping review aims to provide an overview of barriers to PA reported by pediatric cancer patients undergoing treatment as well as after treatment. This study further aims to describe and discuss the instruments used for assessing barriers in this population. Methods: Article search was performed in common medical databases and yielded five original research articles. Results: The included articles reported barriers to PA that can be grouped into the following categories: individuals, physical, environmental, and treatment. Among the instruments used to assess barriers to PA, it was observed that questionnaires and interviews are commonly adopted. This review underscores a paucity of studies in this area. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of barriers to PA in the pediatric cancer population is paramount for the development of tailored strategies and interventions aiming to promote PA in this under-researched group. In addition, future studies must adopt a mixed-methods approach, longitudinal design with specific instruments in the pediatric cancer population.