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BACKGROUND: The Eating Disorders Quality of Life instrument (EDQOL) is a disease-specific health related quality of life self-report questionnaire designed for disordered eating patients. Although the EDQOL is one of the most suitable and widely used questionnaires in many countries, no prior research has addressed the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the EDQOL. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the EDQOL among ED patients. METHODS: 141 female eating disorder patients, with a mean age of 18.06 years (SD = 6.31), completed the EDQL in addition to the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA 3.0) and the Health Survey (SF-12). We calculated item/scale characteristics, internal consistencies and bivariate correlations with other measures of quality of life and adjustments. We assessed the goodness-of-fit of the 4-factor model using confirmatory factors analysis and explored the sensitivity of change following skill-based interventions. RESULTS: The fit of the 4-factor model was acceptable (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.07, Standard Root Mean Square Residual: 0.07). Cronbach's alpha was excellent for the total (.91) and acceptable for all subscales (0.78-0.91). The construct validity was found with measures of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, quality of life and clinical impairment. The psychological and physical/cognitive scales and the EDQOL global scale were responsive to change. CONCLUSION: The Spanish EDQOL version is a useful instrument to assess quality of life in eating disorder patients and to evaluate outcomes of skills-based interventions.
Eating Disorders (EDs) have a severe impact on many domains of quality of life (QOL). Therefore QOL needs to be addressed in effectiveness research and clinical practice. Furthermore, QOL is a very relevant concept in the treatment of chronic diseases and its evaluation requires specific health-related questionnaires. One widely used self-report measure to assess the quality of life in eating disorders is the Eating Disorder Quality of Life (EDQOL). Despite its high clinical relevance, EDQOL has not been previously investigated in the Spanish context. To overcome this gap, the present study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the EDQOL in a sample of Spanish eating disorder patients. The findings showed that the Spanish version of the EDQOL is robust in terms of reliability, factor structure and construct validity. This questionnaire may be preferred by clinicians and researchers interested in ED-specific health related quality of life impairment and as an additional indicator of ED severity.
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INTRODUCTION: Latin American immigrants comprise an important population group in the United States. The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation found among Latin American citizens who are residents in Florida and to identify the psychosocial variables affecting their attitude. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of Latin American residents in the state of Florida was randomly obtained and stratified by nationality, age, and sex (n = 1524). Attitude was assessed through a validated questionnaire that was self-administered and completed anonymously. Descriptive, Student t test and the χ2 test were used to analyze findings. RESULTS: The questionnaire completion rate was 94% (N = 1433), with 59% (n = 845) in favor of related living donation, 40% (n = 571) were opposed to donation, with the remaining 1% (n = 17) undecided. The following variables were related to attitude toward living donation: country of origin (P < .001), marital status (P < .001), having descendants (P = .004), educational background (P < 0.001), having had previous experience of donation and transplantation (P < .001), attitude toward deceased donation (P < .001), considering the possibility of needing a transplant (P < .001), the respondent's partner's opinion (P < .001), having considered the subject with one's family (P < .001), having carried out prosocial type activities (P < .001), the respondent's religion (P < .001), knowing that one's religion is in favor of this therapy (P < .001), concern about mutilation after donation (P < .001), and considerations of the risks of living donation (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The attitude toward related living kidney donation of Latin American residents in Florida is not very favorable (only 59%).
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Doadores Vivos/psicologia , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos , Adulto , Características Culturais , Família , Feminino , Florida , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Humanos , América Latina/etnologia , Masculino , Religião , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The knowledge of the concept of brain death is fundamental for being able to understand the organ donation process and helps to achieve its acceptance. Our aim was to analyze levels of understanding of the brain death concept among Latin Americans residing in Florida (USA) and to determine the factors affecting this understanding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of residents of Latin American origin in the state of Florida was randomized and stratified by nationality, age, and sex (N = 1524). Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire, which was self-administered and completed anonymously. For statistical analysis of descriptive data, we used t test, the chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The questionnaire completion rate was 95% (n = 1450). We found that 24% (n = 350) understood the concept of brain death, 54% (n = 777) did not understand it, and the remaining 22% (n = 323) believed it did not mean a person's death. The following variables were related to understanding this concept: (1) country of origin (P ⟨ .001), (2) sex (P = .001), (3) marital status (P ⟨ .001), (4) level of formal education (P < .001), (5) having spoken about the subject with one's family (P < .001), (6) a partner's attitude toward donation (P < .001), and (6) religion (P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, the following factors continued to be related: country of origin, level of formal education, and religion. A more positive attitude toward organ donation was found among those who understood the concept of brain death (29% vs 22%; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the concept of brain death among Latin American residents in Florida is limited, with marked differences depending on the respondent's country of origin, level of formal education, and religion.
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Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca/psicologia , Morte Encefálica , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude Frente a Morte/etnologia , Compreensão , Escolaridade , Feminino , Florida , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Religião e Medicina , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doadores de Tecidos/psicologia , Doadores de Tecidos/provisão & distribuição , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Latin American (LA) population resident in the USA is a growing subgroup of the population. To find out the structure of attitude towards organ donation in the LA population resident in Florida (USA). A sample was taken of LA residents in Florida, randomized and stratified by nationality, age and sex (n = 1524). Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO Rios) that was self-completed anonymously. The survey completion rate was 95% (n = 1450). Attitude was favourable in 33% of respondents (n = 485), against in 40% (n = 575) and undecided in 27% (n = 390). The following variables were associated with a favourable attitude: country of origin (Dominican Republic; P = 0.038); sex (female; P < 0.001); marital status (married; P < 0.001); level of education (university; P < 0.001); previous experience of the subject (P < 0.001); considering the need for a transplant in the future (P < 0.001); understanding the concept of brain death (P = 0.003); attitude towards donating a family member's organs (P < 0.001); having discussed organ donation and transplantation with one's family (P < 0.001) or with one's partner (P < 0.001); participation in pro-social type activities (P < 0.001); the respondent's religion (atheist-agnostic; P < 0.001); a respondent's knowledge of the attitude of his or her religion towards organ donation (P < 0.001); no concern about mutilation after donation (P < 0.001); acceptance of cremation (P < 0.001); burial (P < 0.001); and an autopsy if one were needed (P < 0.001). The attitude towards donation of LA in Florida is worse than that reported in the native population and is associated with certain psychosocial factors.
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Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Religião , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most commonly inherited ataxia in populations of European origin, is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a decrease in frataxin levels. One of the hallmarks of the disease is the accumulation of iron in several tissues including the brain, and frataxin has been proposed to play a key role in iron homeostasis. We found that the levels of zinc, copper, manganese and aluminum were also increased in a Drosophila model of FRDA, and that copper and zinc chelation improve their impaired motor performance. By means of a candidate genetic screen, we identified that genes implicated in iron, zinc and copper transport and metal detoxification can restore frataxin deficiency-induced phenotypes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the metal dysregulation in FRDA includes other metals besides iron, therefore providing a new set of potential therapeutic targets.
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Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Drosophila/genética , Ataxia de Friedreich/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Alumínio/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cobre/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ataxia de Friedreich/genética , Homeostase , Humanos , Proteínas de Ligação ao Ferro/genética , Manganês/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Zinco/metabolismo , Frataxina , Fator MTF-1 de TranscriçãoRESUMO
Literature suggests that families may accommodate patients' symptoms in attempts to alleviate family conflict and stress. These accommodating and enabling behaviours may have a negative impact on carers and those they care for. There are no self-report questionnaires validated in Spanish to measure accommodation among relatives of patients with an eating disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders (AESED-S) among relatives of eating disorder patients. A cross-sectional study of 90 relatives was carried out to explore the factor structure, reliability and validity of the AESED-S. The internal consistency of the Spanish version of the AESED subscales was good, ranging from .89 to .81. The correlation of the five subscales with conceptually related measures (negative caregiving experience and distress) supports the convergent validity of this instrument in this sample. Results indicated that the Spanish version of the AESED provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing family accommodation in the context of having a relative with an eating disorder.
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Cuidadores/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Idioma , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Adulto , Cuidadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia in the Caucasian population, is a multisystemic disease caused by a significant decrease in the frataxin level. To identify genes capable of modifying the severity of the symptoms of frataxin depletion, we performed a candidate genetic screen in a Drosophila RNAi-based model of FRDA. We found that genetic reduction in TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) signalling improves the impaired motor performance phenotype of FRDA model flies. Pharmacologic inhibition of TORC1 signalling by rapamycin also restored this phenotype and increased the lifespan and ATP levels. Furthermore, rapamycin reduced the altered levels of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals and total glutathione of the model flies. The rapamycin-mediated protection against oxidative stress is due in part to an increase in the transcription of antioxidant genes mediated by cap-n-collar (Drosophila ortholog of Nrf2). Our results suggest that autophagy is indeed necessary for the protective effect of rapamycin in hyperoxia. Rapamycin increased the survival and aconitase activity of model flies subjected to high oxidative insult, and this improvement was abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. These results point to the TORC1 pathway as a new potential therapeutic target for FRDA and as a guide to finding new promising molecules for disease treatment.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/antagonistas & inibidores , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Ataxia de Friedreich/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/antagonistas & inibidores , Aconitato Hidratase/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Aldeídos/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Ataxia de Friedreich/genética , Expressão Gênica , Glutationa/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Proteínas de Ligação ao Ferro/genética , Proteínas de Ligação ao Ferro/metabolismo , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Longevidade/genética , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Atividade Motora/genética , Interferência de RNA , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , FrataxinaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Given the lack of a sufficient number of livers available for transplantation, living liver donation (LLD) is being developed in the Spanish-speaking world. To do this, it is essential that health workers in hospitals are in favor of such donation, given that they are a key component in this treatment and that their attitudes influence public opinion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze attitude toward LLD among hospital personnel from healthcare centers in Spain and Latin America. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ten hospitals were selected from the «International Donor Collaborative Project¼: 3 from Spain, 5 from Mexico and 2 from Cuba. Random sampling stratified by type of service and job category was used. Attitudes to LLD were evaluated through a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects. The questionnaire was anonymous and self-administered. Statistical tests consisted of Student's T test, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 2,618 employees surveyed, 85% (n=2,231) were in favor of related LLD; of these, 31% (n=804) were in favor of unrelated LLD. No association was found between the country of the interviewed, personal-social variables or work-related variables. The following factors were associated with a favorable attitude toward related LLD donation: having had personal experience of donation and transplantation (P<.001); being in favor of deceased donation (P<.001); believing that one might need a possible transplant (P<.001); being in favor of living kidney donation (P<.001); being willing to accept a liver from a living donor (P<.001); having discussed the matter of donation and transplantation within the family (P<.001) and with one's partner (P<.001); carrying out pro-social type activities (P<.001); being Catholic (P=.040); believing that one's religion is in favor of donation and transplantation (P<.001); and not being concerned about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital personnel from Spain and Latin America had a favorable attitude toward LLD, which was associated with factors directly and indirectly related to donation and transplantation, family and religious factors, and attitudes toward the body.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Transplante de Fígado/psicologia , Doadores Vivos/psicologia , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Adulto , Cuba , Feminino , Hospitais , Corpo Humano , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Religião , Estudos de Amostragem , Valores Sociais , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The knowledge and acceptance of the concept of brain death (BD) among health care personnel is fundamental. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the level of understanding of the BD concept among personnel in Spanish and Latin American healthcare centers and to determine the factors affecting this attitude. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 12 hospitals and 32 primary care centers in 4 countries within the International Collaborative Donor Project were selected (Spain, Mexico, Cuba and Costa Rica (n=4378)). RESULTS: 62% of the personnel (n=2714) understood BD and believed that this was the death of an individual. Of the rest, 30% (n=1333) did not understand it and the remaining 8% (n=331) believed it did not mean the death of a patient. 83% (n=931) of physicians understood BD, compared to 75% (n=895) of nurses, 55% (n=299) of healthcare assistants, 53% (n=108) of non-healthcare university-educated personnel and 36% (n=481) of those without a university education (p<0.001). 68% (n=1084) of Mexicans understood BD compared to 66% (n=134) of Cubans, 58% (n=1411) of Spaniards, and 52% (n=85) (p<0.001) of Costa Ricans. There were significant relationships between knowledge of the concept and the following: type of healthcare center (p<0.001), clinical service (p<0.001), having spoken about organ donation within the family (p<0.001) and one's partner's attitude to the subject (p<0.001). A direct relationship has been found between understanding the concept and attitude toward deceased donation (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The understanding of BD by personnel from healthcare centers was not as good as expected. There were marked differences depending on job category.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Morte Encefálica , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Morte , Compreensão , Feminino , Humanos , Descrição de Cargo , América Latina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hospital personnel are a group which has an influence on the opinion of the rest of the population about healthcare matters. Any unfavorable attitude of this group would be an obstacle to an increase in organ donation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitude of hospital workers toward the donation of one's own organs in Spanish and Latin American hospitals and to determine the factors affecting this attitude. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eleven hospitals from the "International Collaborative Donor Project" were selected, 3 in Spain, 5 in Mexico, 2 in Cuba and one in Costa Rica. A random sample was stratified by the type of service and job category. Attitude toward donation and transplantation was assessed using a validated survey. The questionnaire was completed anonymously and was self-administered. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student's t-test, the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 2,785 workers surveyed, 822 were from Spain, 1,595 from Mexico, 202 from Cuba and 166 from Costa Rica and 79% (n=2,191) were in favor of deceased organ donation. According to country, 94% (n=189) of Cubans were in favor, compared to 82% (n=1,313) of the Mexicans, 73% (n=121) of the Costa Ricans and 69% (n=568) of the Spanish (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, the following variables had the most specific weight: 1) originating from Cuba (odds ratio=8.196; P<.001); 2) being a physician (OR= 2.544; P<.001); 3) performing a job related to transplantation (OR = 1.610; P=.005); 4) having discussed the subject of donation and transplantation within the family (OR= 3.690; P<.001); 5) having a partner with a favorable attitude toward donation and transplantation (OR= 3.289; P<.001); 6) a respondent's belief that his or her religion is in favor of donation and transplantation (OR= 3.021; P=.001); 7) not being concerned about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (OR= 2.994; P<.001); 8) the preference for other options apart from burial for treating the body after death (OR= 2.770; P<.001); and 9) acceptance of carrying out an autopsy if one were needed (OR= 2.808; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital personnel in Spanish and Latin American healthcare centers had a favorable attitude toward donation, although 21% of respondents were not in favor of donating. This attitude was more favorable among Latin American workers and was very much conditioned by job-related and psychosocial factors.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Adulto , Costa Rica , Cuba , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , México , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Living kidney donation (LKD) is a treatment with good results, although it is not very widely used in Spanish-speaking countries. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitude toward LKD among hospital personnel in healthcare centers in Spain and Latin America. MATERIAL/METHODS: Ten hospitals within the "International Collaborative Donor Project" were selected, from Spain, Mexico, and Cuba. A random sample was taken, which was stratified according to type of service and job category. RESULTS: Of the 2618 workers surveyed, 90% were in favor of related LKD, 6% were against it, and the remaining 4% were undecided. If the LKD was not related, then 32% were in favor. Other factors associated with a favorable attitude toward related LKD were: Working in Latin American hospitals (p<0.001); Working in clinical services (p=0.030); Having job stability (p=0.013); Having had personal experience of donation and transplantation (p=0.002); Being in favor of deceased donation (p<0.001); Considering the possibility of needing a transplant (p<0.001); Being in favor of living liver donation (p<0.001); Accepting a kidney from a living donor (p<0.001); Having spoken about donation and transplantation within family and partner (p<0.001); Having carried out pro-social activities (p<0.001); and Having no concern about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital personnel had a favorable attitude toward LKD donation, both in Spain and Latin America. This attitude was related with factors of knowledge about and general attitude toward organ donation and transplantation, family factors, religious factors, and fear about mutilation remaining after the donation.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Transplante de Rim/psicologia , Doadores Vivos/psicologia , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Morte , Cadáver , Cuba , Coleta de Dados , Medo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Psicologia , Religião e Medicina , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Living kidney donation (LKD) is becoming increasingly necessary as a treatment option for reducing the deficit in transplant organs. Hospital personnel in services related to donation and transplantation play a key role in promoting this kind of donation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitude toward LKD among hospital workers in services related to donation and transplantation in Spain and Latin America. METHODS: Eight hospitals in the "International Collaborative Donor Project" were selected (Spain-Mexico-Cuba). A random sample was taken which was stratified according to the type of service and job category, in transplant-related services. RESULTS: Of the 878 respondents, 90% were in favor of related LKD, and 28% were in favor if the LKD was not related. Attitude was more favorable among Latin Americans workers compared to the Spanish (p=0.014). Other factors associated to attitude included: age (p=0.004); an attitude in favor of deceased donation and living liver donation (p<0.001); and acceptance of a kidney from a donor (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The attitude toward related LKD was very favorable among hospital personnel in units related to the donation and transplantation process in Spain and Latin America, which means that they could contribute to its promotion particularly at the current time when living kidney donation needs to be expanded.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Doadores Vivos , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Adulto , Cuba , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Religião , Comportamento Social , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doadores não RelacionadosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hospital professionals are an opinion group that influences the general population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze attitudes to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) among non-medical professionals working in Spanish and Latin American hospitals and to determine the variables that influence these attitudes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A random sample, stratified by department, was selected from non-medical staff in the "International Donor Collaborative Project": there were three hospitals in Spain, five in Mexico and two in Cuba. Attitudes were evaluated through a validated, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: There were 951 non-medical professionals: 277 from Spain, 632 from Mexico and 42 from Cuba. A total of 86% (n = 818) were in favor of related living donation and 31% (n = 299) were in favor of unrelated living donation. This attitude was associated with the following: country (Mexico 88%, Cuba 83%, Spain 81%) (p =0.016), female sex (p =0.026), having experience of donation and transplantation (p =0.001), having a favorable attitude to donation (P <0.001), considering the possibility of needing a transplant (P <0.001), being in favor of living kidney donation (P <0.001), being willing to accept a transplant from a living donor if necessary (P <0.001), discussing donation and transplantation with the family and partner (P <0.001), carrying out pro-social activities (P <0.001), believing that one's religion was in favor of donation and transplantation (P<0.001), and not worrying about bodily mutilation after donation (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes toward related LDLT among non-medical staff in various Spanish, Mexican and Cuban hospitals are favorable. In 86% of those surveyed, this attitude was not influenced by classical psychosocial factors.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Transplante de Fígado/psicologia , Doadores Vivos/psicologia , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Adulto , Imagem Corporal , Cuba , Estética , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Departamentos Hospitalares , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia , Religião , Estudos de Amostragem , Comportamento Social , Espanha , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Services related to the donation and transplantation process are fundamental for developing solid organ transplantation and procuring organs from deceased donors. This study was conducted to analyze the attitude toward deceased organ donation among hospital personnel working in donation- and transplantation-related services in hospitals in Spain and Latin America. METHODS: Nine hospital centers within the "International Donor Collaborative Project" were selected (Spain, Mexico, Cuba, and Costa Rica). A random employee sample was taken and stratified according to the type of service and job category in transplant-related hospital services. RESULTS: Of the 925 employees surveyed, 78% were in favor of donation. By job category, attitude was more favorable among physicians (89%; p < 0.001). By type of service, attitude was more positive among personnel in transplant patient follow-up units (87%; p = 0.018). By country, the Cubans were most in favor (91%), followed by the Mexicans (81%), the Costa Ricans (77%), and the Spanish (70%; p < 0.001). Other factors were age (p < 0.001), sex (p = 0.005), considering the possibility of needing a transplant (p = 0.002), understanding the concept of brain death (p < 0.001), being in favor of living donation (p < 0.001), having discussed the subject of donation and transplantation within the family and the partner (p < 0.001), carrying out pro-social activities (p = 0.002), and concern about mutilation after donation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Transplant-related personnel had a favorable attitude toward deceased donation, although it was not as positive as we would expect, especially among non-physicians. This attitude needs to be improved because of the negative effect that can result in organ donation. There were pronounced differences between countries, and the discordance between attitude and actual deceased donation rates in each country is notable.
Assuntos
Conscientização , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Adulto , Costa Rica , Cuba , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories.
Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiologia , Bulimia/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Atividade Motora , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/psicologia , Criança , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Redutora/psicologia , Dieta Redutora/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/psicologia , Espanha , Estatística como Assunto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Redução de PesoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain medical criteria and their priority in the allocation of deceased patient kidneys in pediatrics among members of Internal Transplant Committees of six hospitals. To assess if, by using the Delphi method, it is possible to reach consensus to reduce heterogeneity of criteria in the allocation of renal transplant organs among physicians ascribed to Nephrology and Surgery services in six hospital centers in Mexico. METHODOLOGY: A study was carried out by the Delphi method of independent experts panel, with three stages and two rounds. The method makes possible iteration and controlled feedback from experts to identify behaviors and trends with the synergy of the debate in a group. Kappa index was applied to assess results agreement. RESULTS: Results of first round show the criteria heterogeneity for the allocation of cadaveric origin organs within each hospital, and among hospitals compared to each other. With the results of the second round, consensus increased in four hospitals for the selection of both first and second recipient. Kappa coefficient shows the reliability of results. CONCLUSION: Our Country needs a point-score system to allocate deceased donor organs, ideally including HLA matching. Expecting that the Internal Transplant Committees throughout the Mexican territory may have available a useful tool as this, the Delphi method makes it possible to reach consensus in this task, in order to minimize subjectivity in the staff involved in the decision-making process.
Assuntos
Consenso , Técnica Delphi , Transplante de Rim , Doadores de Tecidos , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/normas , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
Usando seis diferentes probes de cromossomo X, estimou-se a freqüência de polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmento de restriçäo (RFLP) com endonucleases de restriçäo em pessoas näo parentes, em uma populaçäo espanhola de Valência. As freqüências de alelos foram semelhantes às de outras populaçöes européias, em particular francesas e turcas. Um alto grau de polimorfismo foi encontrado para todos os marcadores, sendo que a freqüência do alelo raro variou de 0,484 a 0,357 e um alto nível de heterozigose dos marcadores L1.28, 754, OTC e p58.1 foi encontrado nesta populaçäo, confirmando sua utilidade para a diagnose.