Compartmentalized Innate Immune Response of Human Fetal Membranes against Escherichia coli Choriodecidual Infection.

An infectious process into the uterine cavity represents a major endangered condition that compromises the immune privilege of the maternal-fetal unit and increases the risk for preterm birth (PTB) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Fetal membranes are active secretors of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which limit bacterial growth, such as Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, the antibacterial responses displayed by chorioamniotic membranes against a choriodecidual E. coli infection have been briefly studied. The objective of this research was to characterize the profile of synthesis, activity, and spatial distribution of a broad panel of AMPs produced by fetal membranes in response to E. coli choriodecidual infection. Term human chorioamniotic membranes were mounted in a two independent compartment model in which the choriodecidual region was infected with live E. coli (1 × 105 CFU/mL). Amnion and choriodecidual AMP tissue levels and TNF-α and IL-1ß secretion were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The passage of bacterium through fetal membranes and their effect on structural continuity was followed for 24 h. Our results showed that E. coli infection caused a progressive mechanical disruption of the chorioamniotic membranes and an activated inflammatory environment. After the challenge, the amnion quickly (2-4 h) induced production of human beta defensins (HBD)-1, HBD-2, and LL-37. Afterwards (8-24 h), the amnion significantly produced HBD-1, HBD-2, HNP-1-3, S100A7, sPLA2, and elafin, whereas the choriodecidua induced LL-37 synthesis. Therefore, we noticed a temporal- and tissue-specific pattern regulation of the synthesis of AMPs by infected fetal membranes. However, fetal membranes were not able to contain the collagen degradation or the bacterial growth and migration despite the battery of produced AMPs, which deeply increases the risk for PTB and PROM. The mixture of recombinant HBDs at low concentrations resulted in increased bactericidal activity compared to each HBD alone in vitro, encouraging further research to study AMP combinations that may offer synergy to control drug-resistant infections in the perinatal period.

Erupción dentaria: bases moleculares. Un atículo de revisión / Dental eruption: molecular bases. A literature review

La erupción dental es un proceso dinámico que se inicia cuando se forma el germen dentario en su cripta de desarrollo hasta que el diente hace su aparición en boca. El folículo dental tiene un papel importante en la formación coronal y radicular del diente, y es esencial para la erupción dentaria. Para que un diente entre en erupción es necesario que exista resorción del hueso alveolar que cubre la corona del diente, de modo que se forme un camino a través del cual el diente se moverá. Para esto, se producen una serie de procesos moleculares y celulares localizados y programados genéticamente que permiten la osteogénesis y la osteoclastogénesis del hueso alveolar a fin de formar la vía de erupción. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer los posibles eventos celulares y moleculares que influyen en el proceso de erupción dentaria, ya que el mecanismo exacto aún es desconocido. (AU)

Dental eruption is a dynamic process, which begins when the dentary germ forms in the developmental crypt and finally appears in the mouth. The dental follicle has an important role in the coronal and root formation of the tooth and is essential for tooth eruption, without which the tooth could not erupt. Tooth eruption requires resorption of the alveolar bone that covers the crown of the tooth to form a path to the eruption and biological processes by which the tooth can move through this eruption path. Tooth eruption needs localized and genetically programmed molecular and cellular processes that allow osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis of the alveolar bone to form the eruption path. The objective of this review was to describe the possible cellular and molecular events that influence the tooth eruption process, since the exact mechanism remains unknown. (AU)

Herramientas actuales para el diagnóstico, manejo y control de la caries dental. Parte II. Una revisión de la literatura / Current tools for diagnosis handling and control of dental caries. Part II. A literature review

El Sistema Internacional de Clasificación y Manejo de la Caries (ICCMS) es un conjunto de protocolos clínicos basados en tener un mejor enfoque en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la caries dental. Consiste en modificar los factores de riesgo y tratar los dientes con lesiones de caries activas para preservar la estructura del diente y restaurarlo solo cuando sea necesario. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar las herramientas de diagnóstico actuales para mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones al seleccionar un plan de tratamiento y permitirnos una atención más individualizada en cada paciente. (AU)

The International System of Classification and Management of Caries (ICCMS) is a comprehensive set of clinical protocols aimed at providing a better approach to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of dental caries. Modification of risk factors, treatment of teeth with active caries lesions and the preservation of the structure of dental enamel in order to restore tooth structure only when necessary are ideal approaches that odontopediatricians should incorporate into daily practice. The objective of this study was to present the current diagnostic tools to improve the decision-making process when selecting treatment plans and provide more individualized care to each patient. (AU)

Herramientas actuales para el diagnóstico, manejo y control de la caries dental. Parte I / Current tools for diagnosis, handling and control of dental caries. Part I

El diagnóstico de caries dental ya no es más como el diagnóstico tradicional que mencionaba histológicamente el inicio y el final de una cavidad. Se ha demostrado que los criterios de diagnóstico y las herramientas utilizadas en la detección de lesiones de caries afectan la toma de decisiones para su tratamiento. Hoy en día, la caries dental es considerada un proceso; por ello, en el presente artículo, se describen nuevas propuestas que nos ayudarán con el diagnóstico, manejo y control de dicha enfermedad. Los criterios Cambra e Icdas son los que teóricamente tienen sustento bajo evidencia científica de lo que es actualmente la patología y su desarrollo, por lo que se describen los antecedentes históricos de su desarrollo, sus principales características, y se proponen opciones de integración al proceso diagnóstico actual a favor de una mayor conservación de la estructura dentaria. (AU)

The diagnosis of dental caries is no longer like the traditional diagnosis that histologically mentioned at the beginning and end of a cavity. It has been shown that the diagnostic criteria and tools used in the detection of caries lesions affect the decision-making process for caries treatment. Today tooth decay is considered as a process; That is why in this article new proposals are presented that will help us with the diagnosis, management and control of said disease. The criteria Cambra and Icdas, are those that theoretically have sustenance under scientific evidence of what is currently the pathology and its development; Therefore, the historical background of the development of Cambra and Icdas, its main characteristics are described, and integration options are proposed to the current diagnostic process in favor of greater preservation of the dental structure. (AU)

Remineralizing Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Sodium Fluoride on Artificial Tooth Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study.

AIM: To compare in vitro the remineralizing effect of toothpastes with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (FPC-FCA) and sodium fluoride on the artificial erosion of tooth enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the first phase of artificial erosion, group I was considered as the control group without treatment or erosion. For groups II and IV, the drink was used (Coca-Cola®), for groups III and V, the drink (Inca-Kola®), and the four groups were demineralized four times a day (every 3 hours for 2 minutes) for 5 days. In the treatment phase in groups II and III, brushing was performed with sodium fluoride paste (Colgate®), groups IV and V received brushing with FPC-FCA complex (MiPaste®), and for all groups, the same procedure was performed four times a day (every 3 hours for 5 minutes) for 90 days. At the end, the microroughness of the surfaces of all the groups was evaluated by means of a Rugosimeter (Mitutoyo). RESULTS: It was evidenced that the group of sodium fluoride presented a microroughness of 2.79 µm being the group of least remineralization, but the FPC-FCA complex showed a microroughness of 1.96 µm; however, the control group presented a microroughness of 3.20 µm, and the groups sodium fluoride, FPC-FCA compared to the control group proved to be statistically significant with a p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The remineralizing effect of FPC-FCA (MiPaste®) complex proved to be greater than sodium fluoride paste (Colgate®) under artificial enamel erosive conditions. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results of this research serve as a basis for industries to generate products that have the potential for remineralization against various erosive beverages that are consumed daily. How to cite this article: Pirca K, Balbín-Sedano G, Romero-Tapia P, et al. Remineralizing Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Sodium Fluoride on Artificial Tooth Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(11):1254-1259.

Tratamiento en sala de operaciones de dientes supernumerarios, inclusiones dentarias y quiste dentígero asociado / Operating room treatment of supernumerary teeth, dental inclusions and associated dentigerous cyst

Los dientes supernumerarios y las inclusiones de dientes permanentes son muy frecuentes en la infancia. Algunos dientes incluidos pueden estar asociados a la presencia de quistes dentígeros. Reportamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de once años de edad con presencia de tres dientes supernumerarios en el maxilar superior, inclusión dentaria de pieza 11 e inclusión dentaria de pieza 13 con quiste dentígero asociado. El motivo de consulta fue precisamente la falta de las piezas 11 y 13 en boca. Al examen clínico intraoral presentaba: gingivitis generalizada asociada a placa bacteriana, caries dental, ausencia clínica de piezas 11 y 13, aumento de volumen en palatino a nivel de piezas 11 y 12. Al examen radiográfico se observó que las piezas ausentes en boca se encontraban incluidas y los tres dientes supernumerarios fueron hallazgos radiográficos. El tratamiento quirúrgico se realizó bajo anestesia general. El diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento multidisciplinario fueron de vital importancia.

Supernumerary and impacted permanent teeth are common in children. Some impacted teeth may be associated to dentigerous cysts. We report a case of an eleven years old male patient with presence of three supernumerary teeth in the maxilla; tooth 1.1 impacted, and 1.3 impacted associated to dentigerous cyst. The chief complaint was precisely the lack of 11 and 13 in mouth. Intraoral examination showed: generalized gingivitis associated to dental plaque, dental caries, clinical absence of 11 and 13, and increased volume on the palatal area at 12 and 11. The radiographic examination revealed that 11 and 13 were impacted, and the three supernumerary teeth were a radiographic findings. Surgical treatment was performed under general anesthesia. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment were vital.

Educação em saúde: um desafio do enfermeiro do trabalho na atenção à saúde dos caminhoneiros / Educación para la salud: un reto para el enfermero del trabajo en el cuidado de la salud de los conductores de camiones / Health education: a challenge for nurses working in the health care of truck drivers

Mapear os transtornos mórbidos relacionados à saúde dos caminhoneiros para subsidiar as orientações de um Programa de Educação em Saúde com enfoque na atuação do enfermeiro do trabalho, identificar junto aos profissionais caminhoneiros, os problemas de saúde relacionados à sua atividade profissional atribuídos por eles ou não e descrever conteúdos com enfoque nas necessidades de saúde dos caminhoneiros para subsidiar um Programa de Educação em Saúde. Método:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, apresentando como cenário da pesquisa uma empresa de transporte localizada em Santa Cruz, no município do Rio de Janeiro onde foram entrevistados 14 sujeitos. A técnica para a coleta de dados escolhida foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os caminhoneiros, ou motoristas que transportam cargas pesadas a longas distâncias. Resultados: Entende-se o adoecimento do trabalhador e as dificuldades decorrentes da sua atividade laboral como problemas de saúde nem sempre percebidos pelos caminhoneiros e a educação em saúde como uma ação da enfermagem do trabalho. Conclusão: Percebeu-se como necessário para a efetiva prática da educação em saúde, uma conscientização dos trabalhadores através de uma organização do profissional enfermeiro, de modo que haja avanços na forma de pensar e atuar neste ambito.

Objective: To map the disorders related to the health of truck drivers, with the purpose of subsidizing the guidance of a Health Education Program that focuses on the work of nurses, in order to identify, together with professional truck drivers, the health problems related to their job and to describe the contents with a focus on the health needs of truck drivers. Method: This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. It presents as its research scenario a transportation company located in Santa Cruz, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro where 14 individuals were interviewed. The chosen technique for data collection was semi-structured interviews. The subjects of the study were the truck drivers, or drivers carrying heavy loads over long distances. Results: It is understood that the workers' illness and the difficulties arising from their work activities are not always perceived as health problems by truck drivers nor through the health education from on-job nursing. Conclusion: The creation of awareness among employees, through the organization of professional nurses, was perceived as necessary for the effective practice of health education and for there to be advances in thinking and behavior in this environment.

Analizar los trastornos mórbidos relacionados con la salud de los conductores de camiones para subsidiar las orientaciones de un Programa de Educación en Salud centrado en la actuación del enfermero del trabajo, identificar junto a los profesionales camioneros, los problemas de salud relacionados con su actividad profesional atribuidos por ellos o no y describir contenidos orientados a las necesidades de salud de los camioneros para subsidiar un Programa de Educación para la Salud. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, que presenta como escenario una empresa de transporte ubicada en Santa Cruz, en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro donde se entrevistó a 14 personas. La técnica elegida para la recolección de datos fue la entrevista semiestructurada. Las personas entrevistadas fueron camioneros o conductores que transportan cargas pesadas a larga distancia Resultados: Se entiende la enfermedad del trabajador y las dificultades derivadas de su actividad laboral como problemas de salud no siempre percibidos por los conductores de camiones y la educación en salud como una acción de la enfermería. Conclusión: Se considera necesario para la práctica efectiva de la educación para la salud, una concientización de los trabajadores a través de una organización del profesional de enfermería, de modo que haya avances en la manera de pensar y actuar en ese ámbito.