RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Empirical antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia is well established. The best regimen is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost of a once daily high dose of ceftriaxone plus ciprofloxacin versus thrice daily ceftazidime plus amikacin in neutropenic febrile patients. METHODS: Ninety-five patients with febrile neutropenia were included in a prospective, controlled, randomized, non-blind, comparative study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups (63 to the ceftriaxone/ciprofloxacin group and 32 to the ceftazidime/amikacin group) and evaluated as successes or failures according to defined criteria. Daily assessments were made of all patients and all adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: The overall incidence of documented infections was 45.9%: 24/47 (51.1%) in the ceftriaxone/ciprofloxacin group and 10/27 (37%) in the ceftazidime/amikacin group. There was a significant difference in clinical efficacy between the groups (p=0.011) at the end of therapy. The ceftriaxone/ciprofloxacin group had an overall incidence of resolution and improvement of 95.7% in comparison to 75% in the ceftazidime/amikacin group. Thirty-nine organisms were isolated, 26 (66.67%) gram-negative and 13 (33.33%) gram-positive. There was a low incidence of adverse events in both groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of a single, high dose of ceftriaxone plus ciprofloxacin daily was more effective than the standard combination of thrice daily ceftazidime plus amikacin with no significant adverse events in either group.