[Stress-responsive systems in the rat pancreas upon long-term gastric hypochlorhydria and administration of multiprobiotic "Symbiter"].

The intensity of free-radical processes upon long-term omeprazole-induced hypoacidity in the rat pancreas was investigated. Significant violation of oxidative-antioxidative balance in pancreatic tissue upon gastric hypochlorhydria was established: overproduction of superoxide anion, quantitative changes of lipid functional groups, increased level of lipid peroxidation products, augmentation of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activity, as well as depletion of catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione content. The inflected expression of Cckbr gene in the rat pancreas upon these conditions was also observed, thus suggesting an increased risk of pathological changes development in the gland. Abovementioned parameters were only partially restored to control values in the case of simultaneous administration of multiprobiotic "Symbiter" with omeprazole, thus indicating the ability of this preparation to efficiently counteract the development of oxidative damages in pancreatic tissues upon long-term hypoacidic conditions.

[Influence of oxidative stress on the level of genes expression Tgfb1 and Hgf in rat liver upon long-term gastric hypochlorhydria and administration of multiprobiotic Symbiter].

Free-radical processes upon long-term omeprazole-induced gastric hypochlorhydria in the rat liver were researched. Intensification of oxidative processes in the liver tissue upon gastric hypoacid state was established: overproduction of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, the quantitative changes of lipid functional groups, increased level of lipid peroxidation products, and augmentation of xanthine oxidase activity. The expression of Tgfb1 gene increased, while the expression of Hgf gene was not detected upon long-term suppression of gastric acid secretion of hydrochloric acid by omeprazole that indicated possible development of liver fibrosis. Abovementioned parameters were only partially restored to control values in the case of simultaneous administration of multiprobiotic "Symbiter acidophilic" concentrated with omeprazole, thus indicating the ability of this preparation to counteract the development of oxidative damages in liver tissues upon long-term gastric hypoacidic conditions.

Amygdaloid pERK1/2 in corticotropin-releasing hormone overexpressing mice under basal and acute stress conditions.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) coordinates neuroendocrine and behavioral adaptations to stress. Acute CRH administration in vivo activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in limbic brain areas, acting through the CRH receptor type 1 (CRH-R1). In the present study, we used CRH-COE-Cam mice that overexpress CRH in limbic-restricted areas, to analyze the effect of chronic CRH overexpression on ERK1/2 activation. By immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy analysis we found that pERK1/2 levels in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) were similar in control and CRH overexpressing mice under basal conditions. Acute stress caused comparably increased levels of corticosterone in both control (CRH-COEcon-Cam) and CRH overexpressing (CRH-COEhom-Cam) animals. CRH-COEhom-Cam mice after stress showed reduced pERK1/2 immunoreactivity in the BLA compared to CRH-COEhom-Cam animals under basal conditions. Radioligand binding and in situ hybridization revealed higher density of CRH-R1 in the amygdala of CRH-COEhom mice under basal conditions compared to control littermates. A significant reduction of the receptor levels was observed in this area after acute stress, suggesting that stress may trigger CRH-R1 internalization/downregulation in these CRH overexpressing mice. Chronic CRH overexpression leads to reduced ERK1/2 activation in response to acute stress in the BLA.