Acceptability and applicability of an intervention programme with substance addicts. / Aceitabilidade e aplicabilidade de um programa de intervenção com usuários dependentes de substâncias.

The complexity of the problems related to the harmful use of substances requires regular questioning of practices. This article aims to explore the acceptability and applicability of an intervention programme for patients with problematic substance use. Qualitative study. Data collection, through a focus group with 6 nurses and 6 semi-structured interviews with patients under treatment. We have used lexicographic textual analysis. From the focus group, 151 text segments were analysed, retaining 85.8% of the total for the creation of five classes. An analysis of similarity led to the formation of two central nuclei, represented by the words "Nursing" and "Intervention". From interviews, 252 text segments were analysed, retaining 71.83% for the creation of 5 classes. An analysis of similarity led to the formation of three central nuclei, represented by the words "want", "programme" and "see". Nurses recognise the need for a more structured and flexible approach focused on people's needs. Users also affirm the need for flexible interventions, without a pre-established time frame, that promote labour integration, therapeutic support for abstinence and management of comorbidities.

A complexidade dos problemas relacionados com o uso problemático de substâncias requer questionamento regular das práticas. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a aceitabilidade e a aplicabilidade de um programa de intervenção com pessoas dependentes de substâncias. Estudo qualitativo. Recolha de dados, realizada através de 1 grupo focal com 6 enfermeiros e 6 entrevistas semiestruturadas a usuários em tratamento. Utilizou-se à análise textual lexicográfica. No grupo focal, foram analisados 151 segmentos de texto, retendo 85,8% do total para a criação de cinco classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de dois núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: Enfermeiro e Intervenção. Das entrevistas, foram analisados 252 segmentos de texto, retendo 71,83% para a criação de 5 classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de três núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: querer, programa e ver. Os enfermeiros reconhecem a necessidade de uma abordagem mais estruturada, centrada nas necessidades das pessoas e flexível. Os usuários, acrescentam a necessidade de ser flexível, sem tempo definido à partida, promovendo trabalho, suporte terapêutico para abstinência e gestão das comorbilidades.

Aceitabilidade e aplicabilidade de um programa de intervenção com usuários dependentes de substâncias / Acceptability and applicability of an intervention programme with substance addicts

Resumo A complexidade dos problemas relacionados com o uso problemático de substâncias requer questionamento regular das práticas. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a aceitabilidade e a aplicabilidade de um programa de intervenção com pessoas dependentes de substâncias. Estudo qualitativo. Recolha de dados, realizada através de 1 grupo focal com 6 enfermeiros e 6 entrevistas semiestruturadas a usuários em tratamento. Utilizou-se à análise textual lexicográfica. No grupo focal, foram analisados 151 segmentos de texto, retendo 85,8% do total para a criação de cinco classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de dois núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: Enfermeiro e Intervenção. Das entrevistas, foram analisados 252 segmentos de texto, retendo 71,83% para a criação de 5 classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de três núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: querer, programa e ver. Os enfermeiros reconhecem a necessidade de uma abordagem mais estruturada, centrada nas necessidades das pessoas e flexível. Os usuários, acrescentam a necessidade de ser flexível, sem tempo definido à partida, promovendo trabalho, suporte terapêutico para abstinência e gestão das comorbilidades.

Abstract The complexity of the problems related to the harmful use of substances requires regular questioning of practices. This article aims to explore the acceptability and applicability of an intervention programme for patients with problematic substance use. Qualitative study. Data collection, through a focus group with 6 nurses and 6 semi-structured interviews with patients under treatment. We have used lexicographic textual analysis. From the focus group, 151 text segments were analysed, retaining 85.8% of the total for the creation of five classes. An analysis of similarity led to the formation of two central nuclei, represented by the words "Nursing" and "Intervention". From interviews, 252 text segments were analysed, retaining 71.83% for the creation of 5 classes. An analysis of similarity led to the formation of three central nuclei, represented by the words "want", "programme" and "see". Nurses recognise the need for a more structured and flexible approach focused on people's needs. Users also affirm the need for flexible interventions, without a pre-established time frame, that promote labour integration, therapeutic support for abstinence and management of comorbidities.

Designing a Nurse-Led Program for Self-Management of Substance Addiction Consequences: A Modified e-Delphi Study.

Therapeutic interventions for people with problematic use of psychoactive substances can help tackle specific needs related to substance addiction consequences. This modified e-Delphi study aimed to establish consensus on a training program for self-management of substance addiction consequences. The study was conducted between February and April 2022, with an experts' sample of 28 participants in the first round and 24 in the second. A priori consensus criteria were defined for each round. The results revealed a very strong consensus was achieved on the structure of the program and on clinical areas, such as the problematic use of substances, general health knowledge, health-seeking behavior and adherence, self-knowledge and well-being, social role and personal dignity, and family process. Additionally, over 80% participant consensus was achieved on an extensive number of interventions categorized as psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic, socio therapeutic, brief interventions, social skills training, problem solving techniques, relaxation techniques, and counseling. These findings may be able to fulfill a gap concerning structured treatment approaches for people with problematic use of psychoactive substances. Supporting self-management of the consequences of substance addiction and its application can change nurses' interventions.

Programa de suporte medicamentoso com pessoas dependentes de substâncias: Satisfação com os cuidados de enfermagem / Medication based program with substance dependent people: Satisfaction with nursing care

Resumo Contexto: Na saúde, a satisfação com os cuidados recebidos é um indicador relevante para a qualidade e é fundamental para a adesão terapêutica dos utentes. Objetivos: Caraterizar a satisfação com os cuidados de enfermagem numa população atendida por enfermeiros num programa de suporte medicamentoso para pessoas dependentes de substâncias. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, observacional de corte transversal. Amostra de conveniência acedida em janeiro 2019. Elaborou-se um questionário para caraterização sociodemográfica e psicossocial, e utilizada a "Escala da satisfação dos utentes com os cuidados de enfermagem no centro de saúde", com 22 itens [resposta entre 0-66], que avaliam a satisfação em 6 dimensões (Qualidade na assistência; Envolvimento do utente; Formalização da informação; Promoção de elo de ligação; Informação de recursos; Individualização da informação). Obteve-se o parecer positivo de uma comissão de ética. Resultados: Participaram 181 (n) pessoas. Obteve-se um Alpha de Cronbach da escala, de 0,892. A média apurada foi 59,36 dp=8,19 [23-66]. A subescala que revelou maior índice de satisfação foi "Individualização da informação" (itens relacionados com explicação da informação, de forma compreensível, por parte dos enfermeiros, assim como garantir que o utente percebeu a informação). Com menor índice de satisfação "Informação de recursos" (preocupação em envolver os familiares, informação sobre utilização de outros recursos disponíveis ou serviços de saúde). Conclusões: A satisfação é elevada, sendo a maior dificuldade apontada à inclusão de outros agentes no processo de acompanhamento e a informação de outros recursos disponíveis. Os resultados mantêm aberta a discussão sobre a melhor forma de fazer investigação sobre satisfação.

Abstract Background: In health, satisfaction with received care is a relevant indicator for quality and is fundamental for the users' therapeutic adherence. Aim: To characterize satisfaction with nursing care in a population attended by nurses in a medication-based support program for people dependent on substances. Methods: Quantitative, observational cross-sectional study. Convenience sample accessed in January 2019. A questionnaire was designed for sociodemographic and psychosocial characterization and the "User satisfaction scale with nursing care at the health center" was used, with 22 items [answer between 0-66], that assess satisfaction in 6 dimensions (Quality of care; User involvement; Formalization of Information; Promotion of a link; Information of resources; Individualization of information). Positive opinion of an ethics committee was obtained. Results: 181 (n) people participated. A Cronbach's Alpha of 0.892 was obtained. The mean found was 59.36 SD = 8.19 [23-66]. The subscale that showed the highest level of satisfaction was "Individualization of information" (items related to explanation of information in an understandable way by nurses, as well as ensuring that the user perceived the information). With lower satisfaction index "Resource information" (concern with involving family members, information on the use of other available resources or health services). Conclusions: Satisfaction is high, with the greatest difficulty being the inclusion of other agents in the monitoring process and information about other available resources. The results keep open the discussion about the best way to do research on satisfaction.

Demographics and Yield-Per-Recruit Assessment of the Vulnerable Spiny Lobster Palinurus elephas in the Azores-Implications for Conservation and Fisheries Management.

The spiny lobster Palinurus elephas has been intensively harvested across its range and is generally considered overfished, with global landings declining sharply from an average of 820 t in 1960-79 to 385 t in 2000-19. Despite its economic and ecological importance, limited information is available to perform stock assessments and make robust management decisions. In this study, demographics and exploitation levels of P. elephas were determined from coastal areas of the Azores, and the relevance of these data for conservation planning was discussed. Carapace length varied between 39.6 and 174.3 mm, with mean sizes decreasing by depth. Males reached larger sizes and grew faster than females but were less dominant. Lifespan was 43 years for females and 60 years for males. The estimated mean length at first capture was 101.65 mm-around 58% of its asymptotic length. Fishing mortality and exploitation levels were close to the optimal values, indicating an uncertain future for Azorean populations if stock assessment and management initiatives are not focused on this species. Conservation and management strategies may benefit from these results under the 'precautionary approach' principle. However, up-to-date and accurate catch and fishing effort data need to be urgently collected.

Caracterização do cuidado de enfermagem numa equipa de tratamento para os comportamentos aditivos e dependências / Characterization of nursing care in a treatment team for addictive behaviors and dependencies

Resumo Contexto: Uma das respostas à dependência de substâncias psicoativas são os programas farmacológicos. O conhecimento sobre o impacto destes programas é escasso e é necessário avaliar o contributo e o impacto da consulta de enfermagem integrada nestes programas. Objetivo: Caracterizar o cuidado de enfermagem prestado com uma população com dependência de substâncias psicoactivas numa Equipa Técnica Especializada de Tratamento. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, observacional, analítico, de abordagem quantitativa, com uma população com dependência a substâncias psicoactivas, integrada em programa farmacológico e em consulta de enfermagem. Amostragem por conveniência. Utilizou-se formulário para caracterização sociodemográfica, psicossocial e estado de saúde; Escala Consequências da Dependência de Substâncias (CDS) e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Registados dois diagnósticos e duas intervenções prioritárias. Resultados: Participaram 162 pessoas. Média de Idade 46,96, maioritariamente homens (76,5%), solteiros (51,9%), desempregados (58,6%), em programa farmacológico com metadona (68,6%), policonsumidores, com consumos nocivos e dependência face ao álcool (34,9%) e com várias comorbilidades. Sobre as CDS, e por ordem decrescente de severidade "ansiedade", "dificuldade em manter um emprego", "tristeza", "dificuldade em manter-se financeiramente", "problemas no relacionamento familiar". Diagnosticou-se "adesão ao regime terapêutico comprometido", "ansiedade presente", "uso de álcool abusivo/dependente". As principais intervenções de enfermagem "reforçar a relação terapêutica", "ensinar e incentivar o autocuidado", "ensinar/reforçar/assistir sobre adesão ao regime terapêutico". Conclusões: Os dados evidenciam que os diagnósticos mais trabalhados pelos enfermeiros são a adesão terapêutica, a minimização dos consumos e o autocuidado. Outros domínios serão eventualmente sub diagnosticados na prática clínica, de acordo com a avaliação das consequências do consumo de substâncias.

Abstract Context: One of the responses to addiction to psychoactive substances is medication-based programs. Knowledge about the impact of these programs is scarce and it is necessary to assess the contribution and impact of the nursing consultation integrated in these programs. Objective: To characterize the nursing care provided to a population with dependence on psychoactive substances in a Specialized Technical Treatment Team. Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational, analytical study, with a quantitative approach, with a population dependent on psychoactive substances, integrated in a pharmacological program and in a nursing consultation. Convenience sampling. A form was used for sociodemographic, psychosocial and health status characterization; Substance Addiction Consequences Scale (SAC) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Two diagnoses and two priority interventions were recorded. Results: 162 people participated. Average Age 46.96, mostly men (76.5%), single (51.9%), unemployed (58.6%), in a medication-based program with methadone (68.6%), polydrug users, with harmful consumption and dependence on alcohol (34.9%) and with several comorbidities. About SAC, and in decreasing order of severity "anxiety", "difficulty in maintaining a job", "sadness", "difficulty in maintaining financially", "problems in family relationships". "Adherence to the compromised therapeutic regime", "present anxiety", "abusive / dependent alcohol use" was diagnosed. The main nursing interventions "reinforce the therapeutic relationship", "teach and encourage self-care", "teach / reinforce / assist about adherence to the therapeutic regime". Conclusions: The data show that the diagnoses most worked by nurses are therapeutic adherence, minimizing consumption and self-care. Other domains will eventually be under diagnosed in clinical practice, according to the assessment of the consequences of substance use.

Consequences of psychoactive substance use: a comparative study of two services in Brazil and Portugal.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the consequences of psychoactive substance use among users of mental health services in Brazil and Portugal. METHOD: Cross-sectional, comparative, quantitative study, carried out with 362 users of two specialized treatment services in the cities of São Paulo (n = 200) and Lisbon (n = 162). Data collected in 2019 through the application of the Substance Addiction Consequences scale. A descriptive analysis and ordinary least squares and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS: All dimensions assessed by the scale were more severe for Brazilian users, with a difference for the physical domain and cognitive skills (p < 0.01). Brazilian participants were more likely to consume cocaine (p < 0.01) and have psychosis (p = 0.02) and Portuguese participants to have hepatitis (p < 0.01), personality disorders (p < 0.01), use benzodiazepines (p < 0.01) and tobacco (p < 0.01), and receive pharmacological support (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It was found that Brazilian users have more serious consequences related to substance use, and Portuguese users have more comorbidities and exposure to risky consumption. It emerges that Portuguese responses minimize the consequences severity.