Quercetin Attenuates Benzo(α)pyrene-induced CYP1A Expression.

We studied effects of nutrient quercetin on cytochromes' Р450 1А (CYP1A) activities (measured spectrofluorimetrically using 7-ethoxy-resorufin for CYP1A1 and 7-methoxy-resorufin for CYP1A2 as substrates), on mRNA levels (measured by RT-PCR), and on DNA-binding activities (evaluated by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay) of proteins regulating CYP1A expression in untreated and benzo(α)pyrene (BaP)-treated rats. Wistar rats received quercetin, BaP, or both once daily for 1-3 days. Quercetin did not influence CYP1A1 in untreated rats but inhibited BaP-mediated CYP1A induction on the transcriptional level decreasing positive input (AhR functional activity) and increasing negative input (AhRR/ARNT expression and Oct-1 and C/EBP functional activities).

[Algorithm for selection of individual therapy with clopidogrel in vascular surgical practice]. / Algoritm podbora individual'noi terapii klopidogrelom v praktike sosudistogo khirurga.

For treatment of patients with diseases of lower limb arteries and prevention of cardiovascular complications in high-risk patients (those with diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity) permanent antiplatelet therapy is indicated. A problem is variable individual sensitivity to therapeutic agents. For antiplatelet therapy in patients with atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries there has been obtained an evidence-supported base concerning efficacy of long-term administration of clopidogrel preparations, unlike patients with acute coronary syndrome, for whom there has been accumulated an evidence-confirmed base of administering clopidogrel preparations, as well as ticagrelor and prasugrel in various clinical situations. Clopidogrel is currently the best known representative from the group of thienopyridines. It is a pro-drug and has complicated metabolism: two-stage oxidation under the effect of isoforms of cytochrome 2C19. Its active form irreversibly inhibits binding of ADP with P2Y12 receptors of thrombocytes. This is followed by inhibition of binding of fibrinogen with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor and a decrease of aggregation. Determining blood platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid forms the basis of clinical assessment of the functional state of thrombocytic activity and may be a marker of efficacy of treatment with antiaggregants. A complicated mechanism of action of clopidogrel implies individual policy of the attending physician in making a decision concerning the duration of therapy and selection of the dose. These prerequisites resulted in working out a recommended algorithm of individual dosing of clopidogrel (based on the analysis of case histories of patients with atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries by the level of platelet aggregation to a series of inducers) and correction of the dose of the drug based on the results of molecular-genetic testing of the cytochrome CYPC19 gene. The algorithm makes it possible to achieve a maximum level of efficacy and safety of treatment with antiaggregants.

[The reagents kit to detect Metyorchis biis, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus--agents of opisthorchiasis using technique of polymerase chain reaction in real-time].

The helminths Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, Metorchis bilis are the agents of opisthorchiasis. The actual diagnostic of parasitic diseases based on microscope analysis of samples of human feces to detect presence of ova of parasites suffers of many shortcomings, in particular low sensitivity especially at earlier stages. The purpose of this study was to compare results of detection of parasites using both classical technique and technique of specific differentiation based on extraction of nucleic acids from samples of human feces and implementation of reaction of amplification of the chosen fragment of DNA with detection of products of polymerase chain reaction in the real time. The study detected 150 out of 165 positive samples and also 6 out of 37 negative samples both validated by coproovoscopy.

Analysis of interactions of DNA polymerase beta and reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency and mouse leukemia viruses with dNTP analogs containing a modified sugar residue.

Substrate properties of various morpholinonucleoside triphosphates in the reaction of DNA elongation catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta, reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 RT), and reverse transcriptase of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV RT) were compared. Morpholinonucleoside triphosphates were utilized by DNA polymerase beta and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase as substrates, which terminated further synthesis of DNA, but were virtually not utilized by M-MuLV reverse transcriptase. The kinetic parameters of morpholinoderivatives of cytosine (MorC) and uridine (MorU) were determined in the reaction of primer elongation catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. MorC was a more effective substrate of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and significantly less effective substrate of DNA polymerase beta than MorU. The possible use of morpholinonucleoside triphosphates as selective inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is discussed.

[Evaluation of the quality and efficiency of the activities of state epidemiological health surveillance centers]. / K voprosu ob otsenke kachestve i éffektivnosti deiatel'nosti tsentrov gossanépidnadzora.

The article covers data on methodic approaches to evaluation and control of sanitary and epidemiologic supervision activities, systemizes terminology of the problem.

[Circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulins A, M and G in the mother-fetus system in normal pregnancy and gestosis]. / Tsirkuliruiushchie immunnye kompleksy i immunoglobuliny A, M, G v sisteme mat'-plod pri fiziologicheskoi beremennosti i gestoze.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) and immunoglobulins A, M, and G were measured in the maternal peripheral blood, mixed umbilical blood, and amniotic fluid in women with normal pregnancy and gestosis. CIC concentrations in the examined fluids did not surpass the levels typical of healthy donors. Maternal blood CIC levels were higher in gestosis than in normal pregnancy, and CIC levels in the umbilical blood and amniotic fluid were always lower than in maternal blood serum. IgG levels were found the most shifted. These data evidence changes of the humoral immunity in normal pregnancy, this being, probably, one of the mechanisms providing its favorable course.

[Immunological properties of the amniotic fluid in physiological pregnancy and gestoses]. / Immunologicheskie svoistva okoloplodnoi zhidkosti pri fiziologicheskoi beremennosti i gestozakh.

Immunologic analysis of the amniotic fluid included measurements of immunoglobulins A and M, circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid and antinuclear factors, immunophoresis and electrophoresis, and tests for the presence of donor lymphocytes, Changed immunologic parameters of the amniotic fluid indicate a complicated course of pregnancy, development of gestosis among other things. Basing on their findings, the authors suggest that gestosis involve dysfunction of the adaptive mechanisms, that may result from disordered interactions of the immunity system components.