Synthetic hydroxyapatite and its use in bioactive coatings.

An approach to solve the limitations of autologous bone grafting procedures in bone injury treatment is to develop bioactive coatings in the implantation system. The objective of this work is to compare the temperature effect on the stability of hydroxyapatite, graphene, and collagen colloidal suspensions to be used as biocompatible and bioactive coatings on a carbon fiber composite surface. Synthesized hydroxyapatite was assessed by X-ray diffraction. Zeta potential at different temperatures was evaluated. Specimens were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman analysis. The results showed that the best hydroxyapatite/graphene ratio was 85/15, while those of the hydroxyapatite/collagen mixtures were 85/15. A hydroxyapatite/graphene/collagen mixture was synthesized based on these results.

Determination and identification of antibiotic-resistant oral streptococci isolated from active dental infections in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) of oral streptococci from active dental infections in adults and its association with age and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 59 subjects from 18 to 62 years old. Ninety-eighth samples obtained from the subjects were cultivated in agar plates containing antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (A-CA), clindamycin, and moxifloxacin (concentrations of 16, 32 or 64 µg/ml). PCR assay was performed to identify bacterial species. RESULTS: The bacterial species that showed more antibiotic-resistance (AR) was S. mutans (45.9%), followed by S. gordonii (21.6%), S. oralis (17.6%), S. sanguinis (9.5%), S. salivarius (5.4%) and S. sobrinus (0%). Moreover, clindamycin (59.4%) showed the highest frequency of AR. Moxifloxacin and A-CA showed an susceptibility >99.1%, while clindamycin showed the lowest efficacy (93.3%); there was a significant statistically difference (p < .01). The age group between 26 and 50 years old (32.2%) and females (28.8%) showed more multiresistance. Clindamycin showed a statistical difference (p < .05) when comparing groups by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Clindamycin was the antibiotic with the highest frequency of ARB and lower bactericidal effect. Moxifloxacin and A-CA showed the highest efficacy and the lowest ARB frequency. Streptococcus mutans was the bacterial specie that showed an increased frequency of AR.

Prevalencia del VPH en el proceso de malignización de lesiones de vías aérodigestivas superiores / HPV prevalence on malignant lesion process of the upper aerodigestive tract

Los papilovirus o virus del papiloma son considerados el grupo más prevalente de virus causantes de tumores de cabeza y cuello asociados a la infección con virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Según revisiones sistemáticas en México y Colombia, la prevalencia de VPH en el proceso de malignización de lesiones de vías aerodigestivas superiores (VADS) se presenta con una incidencia en orofarìnge de 35,6 por ciento, en cavidad oral 23,5 por ciento y en laringe 24,0 por ciento. En ésta revisión también destacan los genotipos de VPH de bajo riesgo (VPH 31, 45, 6 y 11), los cuales inducen la aparición de algunas lesiones precancerosas. La falta de un diagnostico oportuno del VPH y de las lesiones que deriven de este virus, puede complicar el tratamiento del mismo. En cuanto a los métodos de su diagnóstico, se demuestra la efectividad del método PCR-RFLP como el punto de partida del monitoreo de la infección y su progresión a cáncer. Estos métodos pueden permitir comprender la virulencia del mismo y contribuir a la disminución de las tasas de incidencia a causa de las imprecisiones de diagnostico clínico por metodologías convencionales ya que dificultan la detección precoz del cáncer de las vías aerodigestivas superiores.

Papilovirus or papillomaviruses are considered the most prevalent group of viruses that cause tumors of head and neck associated with infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). According to systematic reviews in Mexico and Colombia, the prevalence of HPV in the process of malignant lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract, can be shown with a clinical prevalence of 35,6 percent in oropharynx, 23.5 percent in oral cavity and 24.0 percent in larynx. This review highlights the genotypes of low-risk HPV (HPV 31, 45, 6 and 11), which induce the appearance of precancerous lesions. It demonstrates the effectiveness of PCR-RFLP method as a starting point for the monitoring of infection and progression to cancer this method can facilitate understanding of its virulence activity and contribute to reduced incidence rates because of the inaccuracies of clinical diagnosis by conventional methods that hinder the early detection of cancer of upper aerodigestive tract.

Microdureza profunda en una resina compuesta fotopolimerizada por diferentes fuentes de luz / Microhardness at depth of a dental composite resin fotocured troughthdiferents light sources

Introducción y Objetivo: Las lámparas fotopolimerizadoras son utilizadas actualmente en la práctica odontológica para estimular el endurecimiento de diferentes materiales de reconstruccióndental a base de resina compuesta, también llamada composite dental. El objetivo fue comparar la profundidad de polimerización provocada en una resina compuesta de uso dental, por dos sistemas convencionales de fotocurado y un láser Innova 300 adaptado experimentalmente a una longitud deonda de 488nm.

Introduction and Objective: The depth of polymerization caused in a dental composite resin through the fotoactivation with two conventional light sources and Innova 300 laser light adapted experimentally to 488nm length of wave were compared. Materials and Methods: 12 compositesamples were fotocured using 3 different sources of light in 2 different thickness dimensions,according to ISO 4049:2000 regulations. After 60 days of polymerization, micro hardness analyseswere carried out.

Efficacy of eminectomy in the treatment of prolonged mandibular dislocation.

Surgery of the temporomandibular joint is indicated for different clinical situations, including internal derangements, hypomobility, hypermobility, pathology and trauma. Mandibular dislocation is an acute painful condition that causes severe functional limitation. Manual reduction, with or without pharmacological assistance, is the treatment of choice and should be performed as early as possible. On rare situations mandibular dislocation may not be perceived by the patient and remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for a long period. This may include severe illness, neurological diseases and prolonged intensive care hospitalization with oral intubation and sedation. Treatment of prolonged mandibular dislocation is different. Morphological changes of the joint and associated structures will prevent successful manual reduction even with the patient under general anesthesia. Basically, two types of surgery may be indicated: elimination of the articular eminence (eminectomy) or reestablishment of a new condyle-ramus relationship, that can be achieved by condilotomy. This article reports a case of prolonged mandibular dislocation that was treated surgically with success. A review of the literature is performed by authors and advantages and disadvantages of each type of treatment are discussed.

Complications of mandible fractures related to substance abuse.

PURPOSE: To analyze different epidemiologic factors related to patients who abuse legal and illegal substances, and the relationship between substance abuse and postsurgical complications of mandibular fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was performed over a 5-year period by the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. In total, 1,399 patients were analyzed via a data form covering age, gender, socioeconomic activity, etiology, and time lapse between trauma and medical attention. Patients were categorized according to whether they reported no substance abuse, smoking, chronic abuse of alcohol, or abuse of intravenous or nonintravenous drugs. Information on the complications presented and corresponding treatments was also included. RESULTS: Of 1,399 patients, 472 presented with 699 mandibular fractures, and 11.4% of these patients had postsurgical complications. The breakdown of subgroup size in terms of percentage of the total, and the corresponding incidence of postsurgical complications, were: for those reporting no substance abuse (52.5%), 8.5% of total complications; for smokers (35.3%), 14.9% of total complications; for patients who self-reported chronic alcohol abuse (30.9 %), 17.1% of total complications; for the nonintravenous drug user subgroup (6.1%), 14.2% of total complications; and for the intravenous drug user subgroup (1.8%), 37.5% of total complications. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidently a close correlation between substance abuse and postsurgical complications in patients with mandibular fractures, because of both physiologic alterations and patient behavior. Assault-related injuries were the primary cause of trauma in the substance abuse groups, and infections represented the predominant complication.