Effects of melatonin administration on mental health parameters, metabolic and genetic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation on mental health parameters, metabolic and genetic parameters in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 58 subjects, aged 18-40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated to take either 10 mg melatonin (2 melatonin capsules, 5 mg each) (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) once a day 1 h before bedtime for 12 weeks. Glycemic control and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Using RT-PCR method, gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism was conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PCOS women. RESULTS: Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (ß -2.15; 95% CI, -3.62, -0.68; P = 0.005), Beck Depression Inventory index (ß -3.62; 95% CI, -5.53, -1.78; P<0.001) and Beck Anxiety Inventory index (ß -1.95; 95% CI, -3.41, -0.48; P = 0.01) compared with the placebo. In addition, melatonin administration, compared with the placebo, significantly reduced serum insulin (ß -1.20 µIU/mL; 95% CI, -2.14, -0.26; P = 0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (ß -0.28; 95% CI, -0.50, -0.05; P = 0.01), serum total- (ß -7.96 mg/dL; 95% CI, -13.75, -2.17; P = 0.008) and LDL-cholesterol levels (ß -5.88 mg/dL; 95% CI, -11.42, -0.33; P = 0.03), and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (ß 0.008; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.014; P = 0.007). Moreover, melatonin supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P = 0.01) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, melatonin administration for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on mental health parameters, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, total- and LDL-cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR among women with PCOS.

The Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profiles Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of selenium administration on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles among patients with diseases related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). We searched the following databases up to May 2017: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The relevant data were extracted and assessed for quality of the studies according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method and expressed as standardized mean difference (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Five studies were included in the meta-analyses. The results showed that selenium supplementation significantly reduced insulin levels (SMD -0.42; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.01) and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD 0.83; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.09). Selenium supplementation had no beneficial effects on other glucose homeostasis parameters, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD -0.29; 95% CI, -0.73 to 0.15), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD -0.80; 95% CI, -1.58 to -0.03), and lipid profiles, such as triglycerides (SMD -0.42; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.01), VLDL- (SMD -0.42; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.01), total- (SMD -0.42; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.01), LDL- (SMD 0.02; 95% CI, -0.20 to 0.24), and HDL-cholesterol (SMD 0.16; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.38). Overall, this meta-analysis showed that selenium administration may lead to an improvement in insulin and QUICKI, but did not affect FPG, HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles.