Neuro-nanotechnology: diagnostic and therapeutic nano-based strategies in applied neuroscience.

Artificial, de-novo manufactured materials (with controlled nano-sized characteristics) have been progressively used by neuroscientists during the last several decades. The introduction of novel implantable bioelectronics interfaces that are better suited to their biological targets is one example of an innovation that has emerged as a result of advanced nanostructures and implantable bioelectronics interfaces, which has increased the potential of prostheses and neural interfaces. The unique physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles have also facilitated the development of novel imaging instruments for advanced laboratory systems, as well as intelligently manufactured scaffolds and microelectrodes and other technologies designed to increase our understanding of neural tissue processes. The incorporation of nanotechnology into physiology and cell biology enables the tailoring of molecular interactions. This involves unique interactions with neurons and glial cells in neuroscience. Technology solutions intended to effectively interact with neuronal cells, improved molecular-based diagnostic techniques, biomaterials and hybridized compounds utilized for neural regeneration, neuroprotection, and targeted delivery of medicines as well as small chemicals across the blood-brain barrier are all purposes of the present article.

A Bright Horizon of Intelligent Targeted-cancer Therapy: Nanoparticles Against Breast Cancer Stem Cells.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are heterogeneous tumor-initiating cell subgroups of breast cancers that possess some stem cell markers and are sustained after chemotherapy. Due to BCSCs being sufficient for tumor relapse, and given that the biological behaviors of BCSCs are so complex, it is critical to figure out exactly how they work, learn more about their cell biology, and discover biomarkers and strategies for explicitly targeting and destructing cancer stem cells. In order to accomplish innovative treatment for breast cancer, it is also essential to target BCSCs. Despite the vast quantities of BCSC target chemicals, their therapeutic implementation is limited due to off-target behavior and bioavailability issues. Targeted drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have advantages for transporting anti-BCSC materials, especially to targeted locations. Hence, breast cancer therapy using a nanoparticle-based BCSCs targeting system is a promising strategy. Such targeted drug delivery systems can resolve the biodistribution obstacles of nanosystems. Throughout this paper, we highlight various strategies for targeting BCSCs utilizing nano-based systems. In conclusion, issues about the inadequate stability of nanoparticles and the possibility of loaded drug leakage during delivery systems have yet to be answered. More fundamental and applied research, and proper methods such as coating or surface modification are required.

The brilliance of nanoscience over cancer therapy: Novel promising nanotechnology-based methods for eradicating glioblastoma.

Given the limited sensitivity of screening methods and the lack of effective therapeutic interventions for malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (also known as GBM), diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for these tumors are rarely performed on a routine basis. Nanostructures with great selectivity, including silica-based nanovehicles, metallic nanostructures, lipid nanoparticles, quantum dots, and polymeric nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to have excellent potential for passing the BBB efficiently. Based on tumor-derived cells, surface modification, encapsulation of contrast agent, bio composition, and functionalities by appropriate coating materials can all be used to take advantage of the photodynamic, magnetic, and optical capabilities of nanostructures. As a result, nanotechnology has revolutionized the detection, screening, as well as treatment of malignancies and brain tumors. In recent years, nanostructures with biomimetic activities have been designed for uptake by tumors in deep cancer regions, with the goal of monitoring and treating the disease. Also, nanostructures are exceptional nano-vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents to their targeted areas due to their special physicochemical properties, which include nanosized dimensions, larger surface area, specific geometrical characteristics, and the capabilities to encompass various substances within their inner parts or on their exterior surface. This paper describes the current developments of several nanostructures such as dendrimers, liposomes, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, micelles, and metallic nanoparticles for efficient detection of GBM as well as drug delivery in GBM treatment. The importance of metallic nanoparticle-based radiosensitization, as well as immunotherapy, as good ways to fight metastasis and GBM growth, will also be discussed.