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1.
World Neurosurg ; 2024 May 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38789029

RESUMO

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), a remarkable technological advancement in neurology and neurosurgery, mark a significant leap since the inception of electroencephalography (EEG) in 1924. These interfaces effectively convert central nervous system signals into commands for external devices, offering revolutionary benefits to patients with severe communication and motor impairments due to a myriad of neurological conditions like stroke, spinal cord injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders. BCIs enable these individuals to communicate and interact with their environment, using their brain signals to operate interfaces for communication and environmental control. This technology is especially crucial for those completely locked in, providing a communication lifeline where other methods fall short. The advantages of BCIs are profound, offering autonomy and an improved quality of life for patients with severe disabilities. They allow for direct interaction with various devices and prostheses, bypassing damaged or non-functional neural pathways. However, challenges persist, including the complexity of accurately interpreting brain signals, the need for individual calibration, and ensuring reliable, long-term use. Additionally, ethical considerations arise regarding autonomy, consent, and the potential for dependence on technology. Despite these challenges, BCIs represent a transformative development in neurotechnology, promising enhanced patient outcomes and a deeper understanding of brain-machine interfaces.

2.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep ; 18: e80, 2024 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38682546

RESUMO

Current escalation of natural disasters, pandemics, and humanitarian crises underscores the pressing need for inclusion of disaster medicine in medical education frameworks. Conventional medical training often lacks adequate focus on the complexities and unique challenges inherent in such emergencies. This discourse advocates for the integration of disaster medicine into medical curricula, highlighting the imperative to prepare health-care professionals for an effective response in challenging environments. These competencies encompass understanding mass casualty management, ethical decision-making amidst resource constraints, and adapting health-care practices to varied emergency contexts. Therefore, we posit that equipping medical students with these specialized skills and knowledge is vital for health-care delivery in the face of global health emergencies.


Assuntos
Medicina de Desastres , Educação Médica , Humanos , Medicina de Desastres/educação , Medicina de Desastres/métodos , Medicina de Desastres/tendências , Educação Médica/métodos , Educação Médica/tendências , Educação Médica/normas , Currículo/tendências , Currículo/normas
3.
Curr Probl Cardiol ; 49(3): 102389, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38184129

RESUMO

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are leading causes of mortality worldwide, traditionally linked through adverse effects of cancer therapies on cardiovascular health. However, reverse cardio-oncology, a burgeoning field, shifts this perspective to examine how cardiovascular diseases influence the onset and progression of cancer. This novel approach has revealed a higher likelihood of cancer development in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, attributed to shared risk factors such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and smoking. Underlying mechanisms like chronic inflammation and clonal hematopoiesis further illuminate the connections between cardiovascular ailments and cancer. This comprehensive narrative review, spanning a broad spectrum of studies, outlines the syndromic classification of cardio-oncology, the intersection of cardiovascular risk factors and oncogenesis, and the bidirectional dynamics between CVD and cancer. Additionally, the review also discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this interconnection, examining the roles of cardiokines, genetic factors, and the effects of cardiovascular therapies and biomarkers in cancer diagnostics. Lastly, it aims to underline future directives, emphasising the need for integrated healthcare strategies, interdisciplinary research, and comprehensive treatment protocols.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Neoplasias , Humanos , Cardio-Oncologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Neoplasias/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Inflamação
5.
World Neurosurg ; 185: 3-25, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38286319

RESUMO

Exploring the landscape of intracranial aneurysms in South America unravels a complex interplay of epidemiological factors, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic challenges. The study methodically conducts a comprehensive literature review spanning the years 2003 to 2023, focusing on English-language articles obtained from diverse databases to elucidate the multifaceted nature of intracranial aneurysms in the region. Results and discussions categorize outcomes into positive domains, emphasizing successful treatments, favorable recoveries, and high survival rates, while also shedding light on negative aspects such as residual aneurysms and complications. The research illuminates significant gaps in pathological typing of intracranial aneurysms and exposes challenges in healthcare accessibility, notably the disparities in neurosurgical resources. Management challenges, including constrained infrastructure access, a neurosurgeon shortage, and gender disparities, are underscored. Transitioning to future prospects, the study advocates for strategic interventions, proposing expanded neurosurgical training, multidisciplinary approaches, improved funding, enhanced access to care, and fostering international collaborations. The study concludes by emphasizing the pivotal role of collaborative efforts, intensified training programs, and global partnerships in propelling intracranial aneurysm management forward in South America, ultimately contributing to enhanced patient outcomes across the region.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Intracraniano , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/epidemiologia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Neurocirurgiões , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde
6.
SAGE Open Med ; 12: 20503121241226891, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38249946

RESUMO

Craniosynostosis, marked by premature cranial suture fusion, necessitates prompt intervention to avert developmental, neurological, and aesthetic issues. While high-income countries have advanced in managing this condition, low- and middle-income countries grapple with substantial healthcare access disparities. This narrative review explores current craniosynostosis management in low- and middle-income countries. The review focused on studies published between 2008 and 2023. The focus was neurosurgical outcomes, and the search utilised databases like PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library and Scopus, incorporating specific keywords and phrases. An in-depth analysis of 21 included studies reveals noteworthy positive outcomes, including low mortality, successful corrections and sustained efficacy. These advancements stem from enhanced pre-operative strategies, surgical techniques and postoperative care. Nonetheless, challenges persist, encompassing complications, mortality, reoperations, and treatment disparities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries constrained by financial and expertise limitations. The enhancement of clinical practice and the formulation of effective policies in the future entail several key strategies. These include the reinforcement of specialised healthcare infrastructure and diagnostic capabilities, the ongoing training and retention of neurosurgeons, the improvement of funding mechanisms, and the promotion of equitable access. Additionally, a crucial focus is placed on fortifying paediatric neurosurgical care in low- and middle-income countries. The recommendations underscore the importance of collaborative initiatives, the development of specialised healthcare infrastructure, and the implementation of strategic policies to not only advance pediatric neurosurgical care but also to address existing gaps in management.

8.
Med Teach ; 46(3): 426-427, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37516907

RESUMO

This paper explores the role of reflective practice in the medical field and investigates the factors that influence reflective writing. While reflective practice is widely acknowledged as crucial in medical education, there is a need to expand its conceptual boundaries and move beyond mere pedagogical exercises. The paper argues for the inclusion of creative writing, specifically poetry, as a form of reflective practice that allows medical students to effectively process their emotions and develop a more compassionate approach to patient care. By engaging in poetic expression, students can navigate ethical dilemmas, reflect on personal challenges, and cultivate empathy and appreciation for diverse perspectives.


Assuntos
Educação Médica , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Empatia , Emoções , Currículo , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Redação
9.
Curr Probl Cardiol ; 49(3): 102357, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38141794

RESUMO

This paper delves into Renal Denervation Therapy as a promising intervention for resistant hypertension in low- and middle-income countries. With rates of hypertension increasing in LMICs due to lifestyle factors, RDN presents a potentially transformative approach. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, focusing on studies in LMICs that unveil proactive developments in standardized guidelines and precision targeting in clinical trials. LMICs actively contribute to research, emphasizing the safety and efficacy of RDN. However, despite these strides, the current landscape reveals challenges, encompassing initial costs, economic disparities, and limitations in healthcare infrastructure. Despite these hurdles, the paper envisions promising future prospects, emphasizing innovative strategies for cost-effective RDN implementation. It advocates for global collaboration and partnerships with international organizations, proposing the expansion of the Global SYMPLICITY Registry to include more LMICs; a testament to a commitment to research advancement. The paper concludes by highlighting comprehensive strategies to overcome challenges, making RDN financially viable in resource-limited settings. It underscores the potential for RDN to enhance global healthcare outcomes, particularly in regions grappling with diverse economic and healthcare challenges.


Assuntos
Hipertensão , Rim , Humanos , Hipertensão/cirurgia , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Simpatectomia , Estilo de Vida , Sistema de Registros , Pressão Sanguínea , Resultado do Tratamento , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico
10.
Womens Health (Lond) ; 19: 17455057231210265, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37955275

RESUMO

Neurological disorders during pregnancy are a substantial threat to women's health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, a critical shortage of mental health workers and neurologists exacerbates the already pressing issue, where a lack of coordination of respective healthcare among multidisciplinary teams involved in managing these conditions perpetuates the current state of affairs. Financial restrictions and societal stigmas associated with neurological disorders in pregnancy amplify the situation. Addressing these difficulties would necessitate a multifaceted approach comprising investments in healthcare infrastructure, healthcare professional education and training, increased government support for research, and the implementation of innovative care models. Improving access to specialized treatment and coordinated management of antenatal neurological diseases will precipitate improved health outcomes for women and their families in low- and middle-income countries.


Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Gestantes , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Atenção à Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/terapia
11.
Postgrad Med J ; 2023 Oct 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37812829

RESUMO

This scholarly inquiry delves into the historical significance of two enduring medical symbols: the Rod of Asclepius and the Caduceus. Tracing their origins back to ancient Greek mythology, we uncover their distinct identities and profound meanings as symbols of healing, unity among medical practitioners, and ethical responsibilities. Beyond aesthetics, these emblems serve as powerful educational tools, fostering universal understanding and connecting modern medicine to its historical heritage. Consequently, embracing their true essence can inspire genuine dedication to the noble mission of caring for others.

13.
J Med Biogr ; : 9677720231198502, 2023 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37722807

RESUMO

Dr Ayub Khan Ommaya (1930-2008) was a pioneering figure in the field of neurosurgery, with a particular focus on traumatic brain injury. As history books have held, he was a man of great intellect and vision, possessing a rare combination of scientific rigour and compassionate empathy. One of Dr Ommaya's most notable contributions was his development of the Ommaya reservoir, a device used to deliver drugs directly into the brain. This groundbreaking technology transformed the treatment of brain tumours and other neurological disorders, enabling clinicians to administer medications with unprecedented precision and efficacy. From his groundbreaking research on traumatic brain injury to his visionary invention of the Ommaya reservoir, Ommaya's legacy continues to inspire and inform the work of countless medical professionals around the world. This historical paper delves into Ommaya's remarkable life story, highlighting his extraordinary contributions to the field of neurosurgery.

14.
Cureus ; 15(9): e45368, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37720135

RESUMO

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, also known as Bazex syndrome, is a relatively understudied yet clinically important dermatological condition that is inextricably associated with squamous cell carcinoma, predominantly of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Manifesting as unique psoriasis-like cutaneous lesions, Bazex syndrome functions as an early warning signal for underlying malignancies, underscoring the urgent need for its timely diagnosis and intervention. Notwithstanding its clinical relevance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning its pathogenesis are not fully understood. To address these gaps, this comprehensive literature review undertook a meticulous search across reputable databases such as EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Web of Science. Our analysis ventures into multiple putative pathogenic pathways, including shifts in Th2 immune responses, aberrant secretion of growth factors, and immunological reactions to tumor-specific antigens. We also detail the clinical phenotypes of Bazex syndrome and their chronological linkage with the corresponding malignancies. Finally, the review evaluates the therapeutic effectiveness of various approaches, including but not limited to targeted cancer treatments, PUVA therapy, and topical corticosteroids. This synthesis aims to arm healthcare providers with a nuanced understanding of Bazex syndrome, facilitating more accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment paradigms.

15.
Cureus ; 15(9): e45232, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37720136

RESUMO

Héctor Pérez García's transformative leadership in Hispanic civil rights within the U.S. remains an integral topic of academic discussion. As a dedicated physician, a resilient World War II veteran, and a fervent civil rights advocate, García seamlessly merged these roles, paving a distinct path that defined his multifaceted advocacy. His unique approach and steadfast commitment to justice and equality not only solidified his position as a transformative leader but also emphasized the importance of his endeavors in shaping the nation's historical narrative. It is this intricate interplay of his personal experiences and professional pursuits that places García at the epicenter of academic discussions around Hispanic rights and activism. This paper is committed to unpacking the nuances of García's significant contributions, while also providing a comprehensive perspective on the socio-political landscape of his time - a setting that both shaped and was profoundly affected by his groundbreaking efforts.

16.
J Med Biogr ; : 9677720231190860, 2023 Jul 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37487197
17.
19.
J Cancer Educ ; 38(5): 1780-1781, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37523132

RESUMO

The ringing of a bell has become an honored and cherished tradition in the realm of cancer survivorship care. As a medical student, I was initially unaware of this practice, but I have since gained a profound appreciation for its deep significance and emotional potency. Through the act of ringing the bell, patients who have successfully completed their cancer treatment are able to mark the end of a gruelling journey, while also heralding the start of a new and hopeful chapter in their lives.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Sobrevivência , Humanos , Emoções , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/psicologia
20.
Cureus ; 15(7): e41411, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37416085

RESUMO

Ethics education plays a pivotal role in healthcare by providing professionals and students with the essential competencies to navigate intricate ethical challenges. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the most-cited articles on ethics education, investigating parameters such as citation count, document types, geographical origin, journal analysis, publication year, author analysis, and keyword usage. The findings reveal a substantial impact characterized by high citation counts and the influence of a prominent publication focusing on the hidden curriculum and structure of medical education. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates a discernible increase in research output since 2000, signaling a growing recognition of the significance of ethics education in the healthcare domain. Notably, specific journals, particularly those dedicated to medical education and ethics, emerge as major contributors in this field, publishing many articles. Renowned authors have made noteworthy contributions, and emerging themes encompass the ethical implications of virtual reality and artificial intelligence in healthcare education. Additionally, undergraduate medical education garners significant attention, emphasizing the importance of establishing ethical values and professionalism early. Overall, this study highlights the imperative of interdisciplinary collaboration and the necessity for effective ethics education programs to equip healthcare professionals with the requisite skills to navigate complex ethical challenges. The findings inform educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers about enhancing ethics education and ensuring the ethical competence of future healthcare practitioners.

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