Nerve root injection cancellations because of incomplete anticoagulation management.

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography-guided steroid injection is a well-recognized, conservative treatment of localized spinal pain as a result of facet arthropathy and radiculopathy secondary to nerve root compression. An extremely rare complication is the development of an epidural haematoma with potential to cause permanent neurological damage, so anticoagulation at the time of procedure is contraindicated. Routinely injections are performed as an outpatient requiring the referring physician to implement a peri-procedural anticoagulation plan. Anecdotal experience suggested that cancellations were occurring as patients remained on anticoagulation at the time of their appointment. The authors therefore assessed the existing service against expected standards to identify the causes of cancellations and find ways to improve the service. AIMS: This audit aimed to identify the incidence of cancelled computed tomography-guided nerve root injections secondary to incorrect peri-procedural anticoagulation management, develop an intervention to help reduce the incidence of cancellations and then re-audit to assess the effect of the intervention. METHODS: The audit standard was that 100% of outpatients attending for computed tomography-guided nerve root and facet injections should have an appropriate anticoagulation plan implemented. Baseline data collection took place prospectively between 1 September and 30 November 2016. The study population was elective computed tomography-guided spinal nerve root and facet injections scheduled on the radiology information system at the authors' trust. Descriptive analysis was completed. The intervention involved a revised electronic request form being implemented with new compulsory fields concerning antiplatelets and anticoagulants. Re-audit post-intervention involved prospective data collection between 1 September and 30 November 2017 using the same methods. RESULTS: Baseline audit found that of three out of 55 (5%) patients had cancellations. On re-audit, there were 0 cancellations out of 93 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The new request form prevented 5% of patients referred for computed tomography-guided nerve root injection being cancelled because of incorrect anticoagulation management. Extrapolated over the year the potential savings through preventing lost activity are £3445.56.

En face optical coherence tomography angiography for corneal neovascularisation.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Recently, there has been an increasing clinical need for objective evaluation of corneal neovascularisation, a condition which cause significant ocular morbidity. We describe the use of a rapid, non-invasive 'en face' optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) system for the assessment of corneal neovascularisation. METHODS: Consecutive patients with abnormal corneal neovascularisation were scanned using a commercially available AngioVue OCTA system (Optovue, Fremont, California, USA) with the split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography algorithm, using an anterior segment lens adapter. Each subject had four scans in each eye by a trained operator and two independent masked assessors analysed all images. Main outcome measures were scan quality (signal strength, image quality), area of neovascularisation and repeatability of corneal vascular grade. RESULTS: We performed OCTA in 20 patients (11 men, 9 women, mean age 49.27±17.23 years) with abnormal corneal neovascularisation. The mean area of corneal neovascularisation was 0.57±0.30 mm(2) with a mean neovascularisation grade of 3.5±0.2 in the OCTA scans. We found the OCTA to produce good quality images of the corneal vessels (signal strength: 36.95±13.97; image quality score 2.72±1.07) with good repeatability for assessing neovascularisation grade (κ=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary clinical study, we describe a method for acquiring angiography images with 'en face' views, using an OCTA system adapted for the evaluation of corneal neovascularisation. Further studies are required to compare the scans to other invasive angiography techniques for the quantitative evaluation of abnormal corneal vessels.