[THE BIOCHEMICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF CHEMICAL EFFECT ON ORGANISM, THEIR INFORMATIVENESS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE].

The sampling of study included 185 examined workers. Out of them 90 work at "Opitnii zavod Neftekhim" (67 females and 23 males) and 95--at "Kaustik" (64 females and 31 males) from various workshops of the given enterprises. To determine biochemical indicators samples of blood, saliva and urine were collected. The study was carried out in concordance with ethic principles of the Helsinki world medical association declaration, 2008 ed. with receiving written consent of patient to participate in study.

[Contemporary state of work conditions and occupational morbidity of workers engaged into rubber, mechanical rubber and tire industries].

Based on analysis of materials provided by occupational safety department PC "UZEMiK" and JSC "Kauchuk", the authors evaluate contemporary work conditions and occupational morbidity in workers engaged into rubber, mechanical rubber and tyre industries.

[The criterion prognostic significance of examinations of chemiluminescence of oral fluid under impact of chemical pollutants of manufacture of rubber and rubber technical production].

The article presents the results of studies concerning the effect of unfavorable factors of chemical nature on fluid of oral cavity among workers of the Ufa plant of elastomer materials, articles and structures. It is established that in persons contacting with chemical pollutants of manufacture of rubber and rubber technical production the indicators of chemiluminescence of saliva fluid are significantly expressed and depend on professional standing.

[The energy status of erythrocytes upon exposure to chemical pollutants].

The paper gives the results of a study of energy metabolism in the red blood cells of the workers from OAO "Salavatnefteorgsinthez" of petrochemical industry. The energy metabolism has been found to substantially change in the examinees in contact with a mixture of organic solvents and a mixture of chlorinated solvents under industrial conditions.

[The morbidity with temporary disability among workers of petrochemical industry].

The article deals with the data on morbidity with temporary disability among workers producing rubber and mechanical rubber articles in petrochemical industry. The leading place in the structure of morbidity is taken by the diseases of nervous and cardiovascular systems, liver, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and thyroid gland.

[Metabolic processes in the body exposed to chemical pollutants].

The paper gives the results of studying the processes of free radical and microsomal oxidation, antioxidant defense, and energy and electrolyte metabolism in the workers of OAO "Salavatnefteorgsintez", one of the leading petrochemical plants in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The metabolic processes have been found to substantially change in the persons contacting a mixture of chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons under industrial conditions.

[Free radical oxidation-antioxidant defense system upon exposure to industrial chemical pollutants].

The paper gives the results of studying the free radical oxidation-antioxidant defense (FRO-AOD) system in the blood, saliva, and urine of workers from the petrochemical industry OAO "Salavatnefteorgsintez". The FRO-AOD system has been ascertained to be considerably changed in the plasma, tear, and urine of persons contacting a mixture of petrol and Grade BP-1 solvent with organic solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons and a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane with chlorinated hydrocarbons under industrial conditions.

[State of adenylic system in experimental animals exposed to chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons, organic solvents].

The article covers results of studies concerning adenylic system state in RBC and tissues (lungs; liver, kidneys, heart, brain) of rats exposed to acute and chronic inhalation of chemical pollutants widely used in petrochemical and oil-processing industries. Findings are that the animals subjected to ecologic toxic agents have significantly decreased ATP level, ADP and AMF accumulation in tissues and RBC.

[Chemiluminescence as one of the techniques used to study the antioxidative activity of blood, saliva, tear, and urine].

The paper presents data on the antioxidative activity of blood, saliva, tear, and urine in petrochemical industry workers. The chemiluminescence values of plasma, saliva, tear, and urine were ascertained to be significantly higher in the persons contacting chemical pollutants.

[Free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense upon exposure to organic solvents during production].

The paper presents the results of studies of free radical oxidation (FRO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) in the blood, oral fluid, and urine of petrochemical industrial workers. The red blood cell, plasma, oral fluid, and urine values of FRO and AOD has been ascertained to be much pronounced in persons contacting chemical pollutants during production.

[Acid and osmotic resistance of RBC in workers engaged in rubber and technical rubber production in petrochemical industry].

The authors present results obtained in a study of how rubber and technical rubber products influence acid and osmotic resistance of RBC in workers engaged into petrochemical industry. Findings are that the rubber and technical rubber products sensitize the RBC to osmotic and acidic lysis.

[Health state of workers in petrochemical enterprise].

The article covers evaluation of health state in workers of main petrochemical workshops. Leading place in structure of transitory disablement morbidity in workers is occupied by cardiovascular and nervous disorders, diseases of liver, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system.

[Free radical oxidation in workers engaged into petrochemistry].

The article deals with results of studies covering free radical oxidation and peroxidation in RBC, serum, saliva and urine of petrochemistry workers. Individuals exposed to chemical pollutants in production of rubber, tyre and mechanical rubber goods appeared to have considerably increased free radical oxidation parameters in RBC, serum, saliva and urine.

[Acid and osmotic erythrocyte resistance in workers at a petroleum factory]. / Issledovanie kislotnoi i osmoticheskoi rezistentnosti éritrotsitov u rabochikh neftekhimicheskogo proizvodstva.

Data on the impact exerted by industrial products, i.e. pyromellitic dianhydride, on the acidic and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes in workers are described. The influence of hazardous factors of the oil-and-chemical production was found to result in a changing erythrocytes' resistance (of workers) to the osmotic and acidic hemolytics with regard for a labor record and duration of contact with toxicants. The shifts in acidic and osmotic resistance can serve as an early marker of changes in the functional erythron's status in workers occupied under hazardous industrial factors.

[The lipid peroxidation system in the organism of experimental animals after exposure to cyclic hydrocarbons]. / Sostoianie sistemy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v organizme éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh posle vozdeistviia tsiklicheskikh uglevodorodov.

The paper presents the results of studies of the amounts of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and Schiff's bases, which are molecular LPO products in the tissues of the lung, liver, kidney in animals exposed to 4-hour inhalation of cyclic hydrocarbons (pyromellitic dianhydride, durol, pseudocumene, and dioxane-1,4). Exposure to ecotoxicants at concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/m3 was found to result in the accumulation of initial, intermediate, and final molecular LPO products. These changes were recorded only after exposure to pseudocumene and dioxane vapors in a dose of 0.1 mg/m3 and after inhalation of dioxane-1,4 vapors in a dose of 0.01 mg/m3.

[Effect of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene inhalation on energy metabolism in experimental animals]. / Sostoianie énergeticheskogo metabolizma v organizme éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh pri ingaliatsionnom vozdeistvii 1,2,4-trimetilbenzola.

The authors' investigations show that red cells and tissues of animals exposed to a single 4-h inhalation of vapors of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in concentration 10 mg/m3 contained reduced amount of ATP, accumulated amounts of ADP, AMP in active inclusion of 32-P in the structure of these compounds. Activation of ATPase is accompanied with a rise of Na and P concentrations and fall in K, Mg and Ca ions concentrations. In blood plasm there were lower levels of Na and Ca and higher levels of K, Mg and P ions. In exposure to ecotoxicant in concentration 0.01-0.1 and 1.0 mg/m3 the changes were insignificant.

[Microsomal monooxygenases upon inhalation exposure to pseudocumene and durene]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'nykh monooksigenaz pri ingaliatsionnom vozdeistvii psevdokumola i durola.

This paper gives data on the levels of cytochromes of B5, P450, P420, P450 + P420, on the rates of amidopyrinum N-demethylation and aniline n-hydroxylation in the tissues of the lung, liver, kidney of experimental rats upon acute and chronic (4-month) inhalation exposure to pseudocumol and durol at a concentration of 10 mg/m3. Acute and chronic inhalation exposures to the xenobiotics in this concentration result in activation of microsomal monooxygenases in the tissues of experimental rats in relation to the type of exposure.

[Energy metabolism, free radical and microsomal oxidation and electrolyte metabolism in workers of oil processing industry]. / Sostoianie énergeticheskogo metabolizma, svobodnoradikal'nogo, mikrosomal'nogo okisleniia i obmena élektrolitov u rabotnikov neftepererabatyvaiushchei promyshlennosti.

Disorders in erythrocyte energy metabolism, plasma and erythrocyte electrolyte metabolism, erythrocyte, plasma, and urinary free-radical oxidation, and in the urinary microsomal monoxigenase system were detected in workers engaged in oil-processing industry. All examinees were divided into 3 groups with different intensity of exposure to chemical pollutants: 1) workers having no contacts with chemicals (n = 21); 2) workers exposed to chemicals 2-3 times a week (n = 28, risk group); and 3) workers permanently exposed to chemicals for 3-5 years (n = 45). Control group consisted of 40 subjects occupationally not exposed to chemicals. The findings indicate marked changes in energy metabolism, free-radical and microsomal oxidation, and electrolyte metabolism in group 2 and more so in group 3.

[Electrolyte metabolism in workers engaged in oil-refining industry]. / Sostoianie élektrolitnogo obmena u rabotnikov neftepererabatyvaiushchei promyshlennosti.

The influence of unfavourable factors of the industrial environment on electrolyte balance in the red blood cells and plasma of workers engaged in petroleum-refining industry was studied. All examinees were divided into 3 groups in terms of the exposure to chemical pollutants: 1) workers unexposed to chemical pollutants; 2) those exposed to them 2-3 times a week; 3) those exposed constantly during their work for 3-5 years. A control group included individuals who were not engaged in chemical industry. Groups 2 and 3 showed decreases in the levels of K, Mg, and Ca and increases in the concentrations of Na and P in the red blood cells and in those of K, Mg, and P in the plasma while plasma Na and Ca reduced.

[Free radical lipid peroxidation in workers of oil processing industry]. / Svobodnoradikal'noe perekisnoe okislenie lipidov u rabotnikov neftepererabatyvaiushchei promyshlennosti.

Free radical lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, plasma, and urine was studied in workers engaged in oil processing industry. The examinees were divided into 3 groups with different intensity of exposure to chemical factors: 1) 21 workers without contacts with chemicals; 2) 28 workers handling chemicals 2-3 times a weeks (risk group); 3) 46 workers permanently exposed to chemicals for 3-5 years. Control group consisted of 40 workers occupationally not exposed to chemicals. Free radical lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, plasma, and urine was intensified in groups 2 and more so in group 3.