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Objective: This study explores the inhibition of papillary thyroid carcinoma proliferation by Decorin via the EGFR/SHP2/FER pathway. Method: ology: Thirty-two pairs of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected for immunohistochemical analysis. Thyroid cancer cell lines with overexpressed or silenced Decorin were employed in subcutaneous tumor formation experiments in nude mice. Cell membrane proteins were extracted for Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Results: Reduced Decorin expression in human papillary thyroid carcinoma was associated with inhibited formation of the EGFR/SHP2/FER complex. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed lower Decorin levels in carcinoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, corroborated by decreased Decorin and PTEN levels in carcinoma as shown by Western Blot. Overexpression of Decorin in mouse models diminished tumor growth, an effect reversed by Decorin silencing and mitigated by FER inhibition. Decorin modulated Rab5-GTP and Rab7-GTP levels, impacting endosome transition and subsequent signaling pathways. Conclusion: Decorin inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma proliferation by disrupting the EGFR/SHP2/FER pathway and modulating endosomal transport.
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BACKGROUND: There is a desperate for the identification of more accurate and efficient biomarkers for ICI responses in patients with SCLC. METHODS: The data of our study was obtained from IMpower133 study. A total of 202 patients with SCLC received the treatment of placebo plus carboplatin plus etoposide (EC) while a total of 201 patients with SCLC received the treatment of atezolizumab plus EC. Overall survival (OS) was compared using Kaplan Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine independent prognostic variables affecting OS in patients with SCLC. RESULTS: We have demonstrated that a higher TMB adjusted by a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is significantly correlated with improved OS, in patients with SCLC subject to either atezolizumab or placebo (P = 0.001 for atezolizumab and P = 0.034 for placebo). Moreover, Cox model showed that TMB < 10 mut/Mb adjusted by NLR ≥ median was an independent factor of OS for atezolizumab-treated SCLC patients (hazard ratio [HR], 2.82; 95% confidence interval; 1.52-5.24; P = 0.001). Both univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis showed that for patients with SCLC harboring low NLR and high TMB, survival is significantly longer in those treated with atezolizumab than those treated with placebo. Survival benefit is significantly higher in atezolizumab-treated patients with SCLC than those treated with placebo (P = 0.018 for TMB cutoff = 10 mut/Mb, P = 0.034 for TMB cutoff = 16 mut/Mb). CONCLUSION: Our findings provide a promising insight into the utility of NLR-adjusted TMB in the prognosis and immune responses in patients with SCLC.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Linfócitos , Neutrófilos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/sangue , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Feminino , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Mutação , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Linfócitos , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
H-type hypertension, which is a specific form of hypertension characterized by elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, has become a major public health challenge worldwide. This study investigated the hypotensive effects and underlying mechanisms of Huotan Jiedu Tongluo decoction (HTJDTLD), a highly effective traditional Chinese medicine formula commonly used to treat vascular stenosis. Methionine was used to induce H-type hypertension in rats, and HTJDTLD was administered intragastrically. Then, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the caudal artery of rats were measured by noninvasive rat caudal manometry. Histological assessment of the aorta was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure Hcy levels, and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of Glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and caspase-3. The results showed that HTJDTLD significantly lowered blood pressure, alleviated histopathological lesions, and decreased Hcy levels after methionine treatment. Moreover, HTJDTLD significantly inhibited the gene and protein expression of GRP78, JNK, TRAF2, and caspase 3, which are involved mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis pathway. Overall, the results indicated that HTJDTLD had effective antihypertensive effects in rats with H-type hypertension and revealed the antihypertensive mechanisms associated with inhibition of ER stress-induced apoptosis pathway activation.
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Anti-Hipertensivos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Hipertensão , Animais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Ratos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Homocisteína/sangueRESUMO
Objective: As the most prevalent type of thyroid malignancy, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for over 80% of all thyroid cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to regulate multiple cancers, including PTC. Materials and methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to analyse RNA and protein levels. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the distribution of the target genes. Functional experiments and animal experiments were implemented to analyse the biological functions of target genes in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and mRNA stability assays were used to probe the underlying mechanisms. Results: CircSEMA6Awas found to be upregulated in PTC tissues and cells, and its circular structure was verified. CircSEMA6A promotes PTC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, circSEMA6A functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate proline rich and Gla domain 4 (PRRG4) expression by sponging microRNA-520h (miR-520h). CircSEMA6A recruits ELAV1 to stabilize PRRG4 mRNA and drives PTC progression via PRRG4. Conclusion: CircSEMA6A upregulates PRRG4 by targeting miR-520h and recruiting ELAVL1 to affect the invasion and migration of PTC cells, offering insight into the molecular mechanisms of PTC.
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MicroRNAs , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Animais , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/genética , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/patologia , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Proliferação de Células/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologiaRESUMO
Objective:To investigate the detection rate and metastasis rate of delphain lymph node ï¼DLNï¼in thyroid papillary adenocarcinomaï¼PTCï¼ and to analyze the risk factors for DLN metastasis. Methods:The clinicopathological data of 200 PTC patients admitted to the from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the detection of DLN was clearly recorded in the pathological reports of all patients. The number of DLN detected, the number of metastasis, the detection rate and the metastasis rate were counted. The clinicopathological factors that might affect DLN metastasis were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, including gender, age, tumor size and tumor location. Results:DLN was detected in 121 of 200 PTC patients, with a detection rate of 60.50% ï¼121/200ï¼. DLN metastasis was found in 46 of the 121 patients with a metastasis rate of 38.02% ï¼46/121ï¼.Univariate analysis showed that tumor diameter, multiple foci, capsular invasion, extradandular invasion, lymphatic vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis in central region ï¼excluding DLNï¼, and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis were the risk factors for DLN metastasis of PTC ï¼P<0.05ï¼. Gender, age, tumor location, bilateral tumors, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFîV600E mutation were not significantly correlated with DLN metastasis of PTCï¼P>0.05ï¼. The 7 variables with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were incorporated into Logistic regression model for multivariate analysis, and the results showed that, Tumor diameter ≥1.0 cm, capsule invasion, lymphatic vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis in central region ï¼excluding DLNï¼, and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for DLN metastasis of PTC ï¼OR= 3.386-9.186, P<0.05ï¼. The sensitivity and specificity of DLN metastasis in predicting central lymph node ï¼excluding DLNï¼ metastasis in PTC patients were 36.79% and 92.55%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of DLN metastasis in predicting lateral cervical lymph node metastasis were 41.03% and 81.37%, respectively.The incidence of central lymph node metastasis ï¼excluding DLNï¼ in DLN-positive patients were was 4.94 times higher than that in DLN-negative patients, and the incidence of lateral neck lymph node metastasis in DLN-positive patients were 2.20 times higher than that in DLN-negative patients. Conclusion:The detection rate and metastasis rate of DLN in PTC patients were higher, DLN metastasis predicts more extensive lymph node metastasis, and DLN metastasis was related to multiple factors,among which tumor diameter ≥ 1.0 cm, capsule invasion, lymphatic vascular infiltration, lymph node metastasis in the central region ï¼excluding DLNï¼, and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for DLN metastasis of PTC. Therefore, PTC patients with the above characteristics should actively explore DLN and formulate appropriate surgical strategies.
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Carcinoma Papilar , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Linfonodos/patologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To date, no study has systematically explored the potential role of serum metabolites and lipids in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Therefore, we aimed to conduct a case-cohort study that included 191 cases of SCLC, 91 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 82 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 97 healthy controls. METHODS: Metabolomics and lipidomics were applied to analyze different metabolites and lipids in the serum of these patients. The SCLC diagnosis model (d-model) was constructed using an integrated machine learning technology and a training cohort (n = 323) and was validated in a testing cohort (n=138). RESULTS: Eight metabolites, including 1-mristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 16b-hydroxyestradiol, 3-phosphoserine, cholesteryl sulfate, D-lyxose, dioctyl phthalate, DL-lactate and Leu-Phe, were successfully selected to distinguish SCLC from controls. The d-model was constructed based on these 8 metabolites and showed improved diagnostic performance for SCLC, with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.933 in the training cohort and 0.922 in the testing cohort. Importantly, the d-model still had an excellent diagnostic performance after adjusting the stage and related clinical variables and, combined with the progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), showed the best diagnostic performance with 0.975 of AUC for limited-stage patients. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to analyze the difference between metabolomics and lipidomics and to construct a d-model to detect SCLC using integrated machine learning. This study may be of great significance for the screening and early diagnosis of SCLC patients.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Biomarcadores Tumorais , LipídeosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: As the most prevalent type of thyroid malignancy, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for over 80% of all thyroid cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to regulate multiple cancers, including PTC. Materials and methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to analyse RNA and protein levels. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the distribution of the target genes. Functional experiments and animal experiments were implemented to analyse the biological functions of target genes in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and mRNA stability assays were used to probe the underlying mechanisms. Results: CircSEMA6Awas found to be upregulated in PTC tissues and cells, and its circular structure was verified. CircSEMA6A promotes PTC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, circSEMA6A functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate proline rich and Gla domain 4 (PRRG4) expression by sponging microRNA-520h (miR-520h). CircSEMA6A recruits ELAV1 to stabilize PRRG4 mRNA and drives PTC progression via PRRG4. Conclusion: CircSEMA6A upregulates PRRG4 by targeting miR-520h and recruiting ELAVL1 to affect the invasion and migration of PTC cells, offering insight into the molecular mechanisms of PTC.
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BACKGROUND: The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring neurotrophin receptor kinase (NTRK) family mutations remains obscure. METHODS: The Zehir cohort from cBioPortal was used to analyze the mutations (MT) frequency of NTRK family in patients with NSCLC, and their correlation with clinical characteristics and patient survival. The influence of NTRK MT on ICIs efficacy was evaluated in ICIs-treated patients from Samstein cohort and further validated by use of data from OAK/POPLAR cohort. RESULTS: In the Zehir cohort, a significant difference was observed in median overall survival (mOS) between patients with NTRK MT and wild-type (WT) (mOS: 18.97 vs. 21.27 months, HR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.00-1.78; log-rank P = 0.047). In Samstein cohort, the mOS of NTRK mutant patients receiving ICIs has improved compared to WT patients (mOS: 21.00 vs. 11.00 months, log-rank P = 0.103). Notably, in subgroup analysis, ICIs significantly prolonged mOS in patients with NTRK3 MT than in WT patients (mOS: not available vs. 11.00 months, HR = 0.36, 95%CI 0.16-0.81; log-rank P = 0.009). Identical mOS between NTRK MT and WT patients receiving ICIs treatment (mOS: 13.24 vs. 13.50 months, log-rank P = 0.775) was observed in OAK/POPLAR cohort. Moreover, a similar programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, but higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), blood TMB (bTMB) and enriched anti-tumor immunity were observed in NTRK MT compared to WT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Taking high TMB or bTMB into consideration, patients with NTRK mutant NSCLC could benefit from ICIs treatment.
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Antineoplásicos Imunológicos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Mutação , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genéticaRESUMO
Context: The identification of a patient's constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) allows physicians to understand his or her risk for different diseases, forecast the mechanism of disease development, and direct treatment strategies, such as herbs and/or acupuncture. However, very few large-scale clinical trials have occurred on the relationships of the TCM constitution to lifestyles and diseases. Objective: The study intended investigate the complex and systematic relationship between the TCM constitution and lifestyles to provide solutions for adjusting unbalanced constitutions and maintaining a balanced constitution and health state among people of various lifestyles in Jilin, China. Design: The research team conducted a randomized cross-sectional survey. Setting: The study took place in Jilin Province in China. Participants: Participants were 1755 residents of Jilin Province in China, 794 men and 961 women, between September 2006 and February 2013. Outcome Measures: The research team: (1) collected participants' data using a basic informational and lifestyle questionnaire and the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ); (2) used descriptive analysis to illustrate demographic characteristics and the distribution of TCM constitutions; (3) conducted multivariate logistic regressions to explore potential factors influencing the Deficiency, Excess, Gentleness, and Special-diathesis constitutions. Results: Approximately one-half of participants in Jilin, China had an unbalanced constitution and one-third had Deficiency constitutions. Lifestyles and disease histories were significant influencing factors for the unbalanced constitutions. Of the 1755 participants, 757 had the Gentleness constitution (43.1%); the remaining participants had unbalanced constitutions, including 501 with a Deficiency constitution (28.6%), 423 with an Excess constitution (24.1%), and 74 with a Special-Diathesis constitution (4.2%). Regarding the influencing factors, the Deficiency constitutions were significantly related to lifestyle factors-especially gender, age, exercise, and diet: (21) the Qi-deficiency constitution was significantly related to excessive exercise and chronic bronchia; (2) the Yang-deficiency constitution was significantly related to female gender and prefer to hot food; and (3) the Yin-deficiency constitution was significantly related to age, from 46 to ≥66, and the barbecue diet. The Excess constitutions were related to medical histories: (1) the Phlegm-dampness and Blood-stasis constitutions were both significantly related to cardio-cerebrovascular disease and hyperlipidemia; (2) the Dampness-heat constitution was significantly related to liver disease and osteoporosis; (3) the Qi-depression constitution was significantly related to liver disease and chronic bronchia. The Gentleness constitution was significantly related to a greasy diet, and the Special-diathesis constitution was significantly related to allergies. Conclusions: The identification of TCM constitutions would be beneficial to early identification of potential risk factors and could contribute to the creation of more comprehensive guidelines for health organizations. Controlling the factors influencing the TCM constitutions and using health management plans based on the TCM constitution could help people with unbalanced constitutions to adjust their lifestyles and improve their health.
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Background: Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a well-known epigenomic anomaly characterized by the inheritance of both copies of a homologous pair of chromosomes (or part thereof) from the same parent. This genetic condition can have significant implications for prenatal diagnosis and management. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 29-year-old gravida 1 para 0 female who underwent amniocentesis at pregnancy Week 19 due to a high possibility of trisomy chromosome 6, as indicated by noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). However, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed no abnormalities. Subsequently, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) detected uniparental disomy of chromosome 6. Additionally, an ultrasound examination at 28 weeks of gestation revealed intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Given these findings, the parents made the decision to terminate the pregnancy. Conclusions: The combination of genetic counseling, FISH, karyotype analysis, WES, CMA, NIPT, and prenatal ultrasound can provide valuable insights for the prenatal diagnosis of UPD. These diagnostic approaches play a crucial role in identifying and managing cases of UPD, primarily when associated with intrauterine growth restrictions.
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Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Dissomia Uniparental , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Dissomia Uniparental/diagnóstico , Dissomia Uniparental/genética , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/diagnóstico , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/genética , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cromossomos Humanos Par 6 , Mosaicismo , TrissomiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence has confirmed the role of snoRNAs in a variety of cancer, but rare in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aims to clarify the role of snoRNAs in RCC tumorigenesis and their potential as novel tumor biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The snoRNA expression matrix was obtained from the public TCGA and SNORic databases. SNORD15A, SNORD35B and SNORD60 were selected and validated by qPCR, then analyzed combined with related clinical factors using T-test and ROC curve. RESULTS: All three snoRNAs: SNORD15A, SNORD35B and SNORD60 were significantly upregulated in cancer tissues compared to adjacent tissues from TCGA or FFPE detection. These three snoRNAs were also increased in urinary sediment (US) of RCC as well as the early-stage RCC patients compared with the healthy controls. In addition, RNase stability experiments confirmed their stable existence in US. Meanwhile, the ROC curve shows that SNORD15A, SNORD35B and SNORD60 could effectively distinguish RCC (AUC = 0.7421) and early-stage RCC (AUC = 0.7465) from healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: SNORD15A, SNORD35B and SNORD60 were upregulated in tissues and US of RCC, serving as novel potential biomarkers for RCC diagnosis.
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BACKGROUND: Spontaneous preterm birth is challenging to prevent. Only few predictors of spontaneous preterm birth risk have been reported, and further studies on spontaneous preterm birth should be conducted to reduce the number of cases. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to explore if anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibody can be used to predict the risk of spontaneous preterm birth, and its clinical value in assessing the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. METHODS: A total of 302 pregnant women who had delivered between January 2019 and December 2021 were enrolled into the study. The subjects were assigned to the case group (28-33+6 weeks, n = 41; 34-36+6 weeks, n = 96) and control group (37-42 weeks, n = 165) according to the gestational period. The age, body mass index, and gestational days of the two groups were recorded. Blood samples were collected and the levels of anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibody, white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were evaluated. Pregnant women diagnosed with sPTB that met the standards after evaluation by the clinician were included in the study. RESULTS: The level of anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibody was higher in case group than in the control group [(23.93 ± 8.11)Ru/mL vs (11.50 ± 5.33)Ru/mL]. The results showed that anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibody was an independent risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth. The area under ROC curve of anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibody to predict spontaneous preterm birth was 0.8875 (95%CI 0.8443-0.9307). The highest predicted value of anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibody was 16.49Ru/ml. CONCLUSION: Anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibody has a high clinical significance and can be used by clinicians to evaluate the probability of spontaneous preterm birth.
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Nascimento Prematuro , Gravidez , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Nascimento Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Biomarcadores , Curva ROC , Fatores de Risco , Autoanticorpos , GlicoproteínasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with genetic and phenotypic disparity. However, the association between intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) and immunological features as well as the impact of ITH on prognosis has never been explored in SCLC. Hence, we investigated the relationship between ITH and their immunological features and explored the effect of ITH on overall survival (OS) in patients with SCLC. METHODS: Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD8+ cell infiltration was calculated through immunohistochemical staining and tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor neoantigen burden (TNB), and ITH levels via whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS: Significant correlation was not found in ITH versus TMB, ITH versus TNB (P = 0.1821, P = 0.0612). No significant variation in ITH was found between negative PD-L1 SCLC patients and positive PD-L1 ones (P = 0.0610 for TPS, P = 0.6347 for CPS). Interestingly, we demonstrated the negative correlation between CD8+ T cell infiltration and ITH (P = 0.0220). More importantly, significant OS benefit was detected in ITH-low SCLC patients in comparison with ITH-high ones (P = 0.0049). ITH was an independent prognostic factor on OS with clinicopathological variables adjusted (HR, 2.044; 95% CI 1.190-3.512; P = 0.010). We also demonstrated significantly different driver genes and CNV between ITH-low and ITH-high SCLC. CONCLUSION: Our work pointed the negative association of ITH with CD8+ T cell infiltration and suggested ITH as a potential predictor of OS in SCLC, putting forward a direction for more precise and individualized therapeutic strategies for SCLC.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/genética , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Antígeno B7-H1 , Linfócitos T CD8-PositivosRESUMO
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an exceptionally lethal malignancy characterized by extremely high alteration rates and tumor heterogeneity, which limits therapeutic options. In contrast to non-small-cell lung cancer that develops rapidly with precision oncology, SCLC still remains outside the realm of precision medicine. No recurrent and actionable mutations have been detected. Additionally, a paucity of substantive tumor specimens has made it even more difficult to classify SCLC subtypes based on genetic background. We therefore carried out whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the largest available Chinese SCLC cohort. For the first time, we partitioned SCLC patients into three clusters with different genomic alteration profiles and clinical features based on their mutational signatures. We showed that these clusters presented differences in intratumor heterogeneity and genome instability. Moreover, a wide existence of mutually exclusive gene alterations, typically within similar biological functions, was detected and suggested a high SCLC intertumoral heterogeneity. Particularly, Cluster 1 presented the greatest potential to benefit from immunotherapy, and Cluster 3 constituted recalcitrant SCLC, warranting biomarker-directed drug development and targeted therapies in clinical trials. Our study would provide an in-depth insight into the genome characteristics of the Chinese SCLC cohort, defining distinct molecular subtypes as well as subtype-specific therapies and biomarkers. We propose tailoring differentiated therapies for distinct molecular subgroups, centering on a personalized precision chemotherapy strategy combined with immunization or targeted therapy for patients with SCLC.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Medicina de Precisão , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/genética , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/terapia , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Mutação , GenômicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to significantly improve the survival of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, only limited proportion of patients could benefit from ICIs. Novel biomarkers with strong predictability are needed for clinicians to maximize the efficacy of ICIs. Our study aimed to identify potential biomarkers predicting ICIs efficacy in LUAD. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCancer Atlas studies in cBioportal were used to evaluate the mutation frequency of ANK2 across multiple cancers. Clinical and mutational data for LUAD from ICIs-treated cohorts (Hellmann et al. and Rizvi et al.) were collected to explore the correlation between ANK2 mutation and clinical outcomes. In addition, the relationship between ANK2 expression and clinical outcomes was analyzed using LUAD data from TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus. Furthermore, the impact of ANK2 mutation and expression on the tumor immune microenvironment of LUAD was analyzed using TCGA and TISIDB databases. RESULTS: Patients with ANK2 mutation benefited more from ICIs. In ICIs-treated cohort, prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS: NR (not reached) vs. 5.42 months, HR (hazard ratio) 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.54; P = 0.0037), improved complete response rate (17.65% vs. 1.85%, P = 0.0402), and improved objective response rate (64.71% vs. 24.07%, P = 0.0033) were observed in LUAD patients with ANK2 mutation compared to their wild-type counterparts. Regarding ANK2 expression, it was observed that ANK2 expression was decreased in LUAD (P < 0.05) and a higher level of ANK2 expression was associated with longer overall survival (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.52-0.92; P = 0.012) in TCGA LUAD cohort. Moreover, ANK2 mutation or higher ANK2 expression correlated with enhanced antitumor immunity and "hot" tumor microenvironment in LUAD, which could be potential mechanisms that ANK2 mutation facilitated ICIs therapy and patients with higher ANK2 expression survived longer. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that ANK2 mutation or increased ANK2 expression may serve as a favorable biomarker for the efficacy of ICIs in patients with LUAD.
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Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Biomarcadores , Bases de Dados Factuais , Mutação , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Microambiente Tumoral , Anquirinas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises on the background of chronic inflammation. The presence of infiltrating inflammatory cells is associated with tumour initiation, progression and clinical response to treatment. The influence of white blood cell (WBC) subtype counts on HCC progression remains unclear. METHODS: In this study, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study with the validation of two datasets. The summary data for WBC counts were extracted from a recent large GWAS of individuals of European ancestry. The GWAS data related to HCC were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKB). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were used to identify risk factors genetically associated with HCC risks. RESULTS: In the discovery dataset, multivariable MR analysis revealed that sum basophil neutrophil counts had an independent causal effect on the occurrence of HCC, with the sum basophil neutrophil counts as follows: (OR = 0.437, P = 0.003, CI 0.252-0.757). Similarly, in the validation dataset, total basophil neutrophil counts were also been identified as an independent risk factor for HCC. The sum basophil neutrophil counts were as follows: (OR = 0.574, P = 0.021, CI 0.358-0.920). CONCLUSION: In the European population, genetically predicted lower total basophil neutrophil counts might be an independent risk factor for HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Contagem de Leucócitos , Neutrófilos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with dismal prognosis. However, few studies have conducted on the metabolic heterogeneity in SCLC. OBJECTIVE: We therefore identify SCLC classifications using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics. We also compared their survival and the immunotherapy responses. METHODS: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed in 191 SCLC serum samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was conducted to identify metabolic pathways. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were used to analyze the survival curves. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate prognostic factors for OS in patients with SCLC. RESULTS: Distinct subtypes of SCLC were identified by consensus clustering algorithm using partioning around medoids (pam) based on untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics. Four distinct subtypes of SCLC were identified, with distinct metabolic pathways. Subgroup 2 had the longest survival whereas Subgroup 1 had the shortest. Subtype 2 benefited most from immunotherapy in OS, as in contrast to Subtype 3 with shortest survival. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed the metabolic heterogeneity in SCLC and identified four subtypes with distinct metabolic features. It indicates promising therapeutic and prognostic value that may guide treatment for SCLC. The subtype-specific clinical trials may be designed and would be instructive for drug development.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Lipidômica , Cromatografia Líquida , Metabolômica , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Neutrophils play a key role in the occurrence and development of cancer. However, the relationship between neutrophils and cancer prognosis remains unclear due to their great plasticity and diversity. To explore the effects of neutrophils on the clinical outcome of bladder cancer, we acquired and analyzed gene expression data and clinical information of bladder cancer patients from IMvigor210 cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA) database. We established a neutrophil-based prognostic model incorporating five neutrophil-related genes (EMR3, VNN1, FCGRT, HIST1H2BC, and MX1) and the predictive value of the model was validated in both an internal and an external validation cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analysis further proved that the model remained an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and a nomogram was constructed for clinical practice. Additionally, FCGRT was identified as the key neutrophil-related gene linked to an adverse prognosis of bladder cancer. Up-regulation of FCGRT indicated activated cancer metabolism, immunosuppressive tumor environment, and dysregulated functional status of immune cells. FCGRT overexpression was also correlated with decreased expression of PD-L1 and low levels of tumor mutation burden (TMB). FCGRT predicted a poor response to immunotherapy and had a close correlation with chemotherapy sensitivity. Taken together, a novel prognostic model was developed based on the expression level of neutrophil-related genes. FCGRT served as a promising candidate biomarker for anti-cancer drug response, which may contribute to individualized prognostic prediction and may contribute to clinical decision-making.
RESUMO
Background: Liver metastasis is the most common type of lung cancer metastasis, and is a significant prognostic factor in lung cancer. However, the effect of liver metastases on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains inconsistent and controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between liver metastases and ICI efficacy in patients with advanced lung cancer based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, conference proceedings, as well as grey literature websites were searched for eligible studies without language restrict ion. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane tools and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The difference in efficacy between patients with and without liver metastases was calculated by pooling ratios of hazard ratios (HR), as calculated using the deft approach. Results: A total of 16 RCTs and 14 observational trials were included. Analyses of RCTs revealed a survival benefit for ICI treatment (i.e., ICI monotherapy, ICI + Chemotherapy, dual ICI therapy and dual ICI + Chemotherapy) versus standard therapies among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with liver metastases (PFS HR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.61-0.97; OS HR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.68-0.90). NSCLC patients with liver metastases achieved less PFS benefit and comparable OS benefit from ICI treatment compared with those without liver metastases (ratios of PFS-HRs, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.02-1.39; P=0.029; Ratios of OS-HRs, 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94-1.29; P=0.24). For patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), ICI treatment achieved a marginal effect on patients with liver metastases as compared with standard therapies (OS HR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.73-1.23). SCLC patients with liver metastases benefited less from ICI treatment than patients without liver metastases (ratio of OS-HRs, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.01-1.46; P=0.036). In real-world data analysis, liver metastasis could be used as an independent prognostic risk factor, increasing the risk of death by 21% in lung cancer patients receiving ICI treatment compared with those without liver metastases (OS HR, 1.21; 95%CI, 1.17-1.27; P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis confirmed that this association was not modified by race (Asian vs. Western) or number of treatment lines. Conclusions: The presence of liver metastases does not significantly influence the OS benefit of ICIs in patients with NSCLC. However, a small amount of data shows that liver metastasis restrains the magnitude of OS benefit in patients with SCLC. Liver metastasis has potential as an independent prognostic risk factor for lung cancer patients receiving ICI treatment in clinical practice. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier (CRD42022306449).