RESUMO
Three-component systems are often more complex than their two-component counterparts. Although the reversible association of three components in solution is critical for a vast array of chemical and biological processes, no general physical picture of such systems has emerged. Here we have developed a general, comprehensive framework for understanding ternary complex equilibria, which relates directly to familiar concepts such as EC50 and IC50 from simpler (binary complex) equilibria. Importantly, application of our model to data from the published literature has enabled us to achieve new insights into complex systems ranging from coagulation to therapeutic dosing regimens for monoclonal antibodies. We also provide an Excel spreadsheet to assist readers in both conceptualizing and applying our models. Overall, our analysis has the potential to render complex three-component systems--which have previously been characterized as "analytically intractable"--readily comprehensible to theoreticians and experimentalists alike.
Assuntos
Ligação Proteica , Algoritmos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/química , Citotoxicidade Celular Dependente de Anticorpos , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Modelos Estatísticos , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Receptor EphA2/química , Receptores Fc/química , SoluçõesAssuntos
Comitês Consultivos , Temas Bioéticos , Política Pública , Pesquisa Biomédica , Clonagem de Organismos , Pesquisas com Embriões , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Financiamento Governamental , Experimentação Humana , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Competência Mental , Pessoas Mentalmente Doentes , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Células-Tronco , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Temas Bioéticos , Comitês Consultivos , Pesquisa Biomédica , Biotecnologia , Clonagem de Organismos , Conflito de Interesses , Pesquisas com Embriões , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Financiamento Governamental , Prioridades em Saúde , Experimentação Humana , Humanos , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Células-Tronco , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This paper discusses the role of ethical considerations in the formulation of public policies aimed at shaping the scientific agenda. Specifically, new and controversial public policy issues will confront us in the twenty-first century as the result of developments on the frontiers of biomedical science. Some of the anxieties in the ethical arena generated by the rapid pace of these developments are likely to result in efforts to place constraints on the shape of the scientific agenda and the application of new knowledge. Our moral propositions, therefore, will be tested and re-tested in their application to evolving social, cultural, and historical circumstances and the ever-changing technological context.