[Semantic change of the measure word"Zhan()"in ancient literature with Zhu San Fa as a reference in the two versions of Jin Gui Yao lue(Synopsis of the Golden Chambers)].

Decoction of Powdered (Herbal) Formulae or Zhu-San Fa () is a decoction method. The entire herbal formula was initially crushed into a coarse powder, a small portion of the crushed medicine was then decocted with a little volume of water for each serving. Zhu-San Fa appeared in the Jin Dynasty and was developed in the Tang Dynasty. It became widespread during the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. The prevalence of Zhu-San Fa during the Song Dynasties led to the change of measurement reference with the character Zhan (- a cup-like daily utensil used for liquids), from the volume for decoction to the volume for water used. This change was a landmark because it helped determine the formation period of ancient manuscripts and therefore was used to investigate the formation period of TCM literature. This helped demonstrate the chronology relationship of the two versions of Jin Gui Yao Lue(Synopsis of the Golden Chambers).

[Identification of xingren ancient name of "he" and "ren"].

Ancient medical books have the names of drugs such as "xinghe" (, apricot pit), but there is only the name "xingren" (, almond) in modern medical books. On the basis of checking Chinese dictionary, exegetical books and ancient literature, it is believed that the ancients could clearly distinguish the difference between "he" (, pit) and "ren" (, nut) in actual use, and realized that the pit and the nut are different parts. This article takes almonds as the center to explore the similarities and differences of concepts and essences between the "he" (, pit) and "ren" (, nut) in ancient prescriptions. By investigating the usage of ancient medical literature, it can be seen that the actual medicinal part of the medicine "xinghe" (, apricot pit) means still almonds. And due to the imperfect market of ancient medicinal materials, there is no perfect medicinal materials processing industry, and it is necessary for doctors to remove part of the non-medicinal parts after obtaining the medicinal materials. Therefore, in ancient times, the "xinghe" (, apricot pit) and "xingren" (, almond) are actually different names for the same medicinal part.

[The influence of Indian medicine on traditional Chinese medicine from Dunhuang medical literature].

Through the Silk Road, Chinese medicine has different degrees of absorption on different levels of indic medicine. On the whole, Chinese medicine's absorption of indic medicine is "based on me" , "the way of my own, using the instrument." Taking the four levels of "rational, legal, prescription, and medicine" as the entrance, and analyzing the acceptance attitude of traditional Chinese medicine to Indian medicine with the Dunhuang medical literature as the center.Overall the analysis result on Chinese medicine's absorption of Indic medicine is "Based on our principles, utilising their means" , or can be understood as "fitting the foreign ideas into an already mature infrastructure" .

[A textual research on the spreading of Jin Gui Yu Han Jing].

Jin Gui Yu Han Jing(, The Jade Case Classic of the Golden Cabinet) and Shanghan Lun(, Treatise on Febrile Diseases) have similar contents but different names, and they were handed down after being collated by the Medical Records Bureau in 1066, the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty. At present, Jin Gui Yu Han Jing is Chen Shijie's edition in the Qing Dynasty. Chen Shijie got the manuscript of Song Dynasty from He Zhuo, a scholar of Qing Dynasty, then corrected it, and published it in 1717. By searching the citations from Jin Gui Yu Han Jing in medical works from 1066 to 1717, and dividing them into two categories: direct quotation and indirect quotation, so as to investigate the spreading situation of Jin Gui Yu Han Jing since Song Dynasty. According to this, it can be inferred that Jin Gui Yu Han Jing had not been found by doctors in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

[Brief investigation on the issue of Zhen Dan(Cinnabar, HgS) irrelevant to Qian Dan (Minium, Pb(3)O(4))].

Zhen Dan, the abbreviated form of Zhen Dan Sha, or called Zhu Sha (Cinnabar, HgS). It can be ruled out that Zhen Dan is the nickname of Qian Dan (Minium, Pb(3)O(4)) through the homologous formulas contrast. The prescriptions containing Zhen Dan in the Zheng lei ben cao (Classified Materia Medica) was put under the "attached prescriptions" of Qian Dan, while Zhong yao da ci dian (Great Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica)and Zhong hua ben cao (Chinese Herbology)all definitelyconfirmed that Zhen Dan is the other name of Qian Dan, which are wrong and should be corrected.

RNA-electroporated CD40-activated B cells induce functional T-cell responses against HepG2 cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the incurable tumours in the world. Cell-based immunotherapy, in which antigen-loaded antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are able to elicit T cell responses, has become an alternative treatment for liver cancer. Here, we used HepG2 cells' total RNA-electroporated CD40 ligand-activated B (CD40-B) cells as alternative APC for induction of specific CD8+ T-cell responses. The antigen-presenting ability of CD40-B cells was determined by phenotypic analysis, showing a polyclonal, strongly activated B-cell population with high expression of co-stimulatory molecules. To demonstrate the ability of total RNA extracted from HepG2 cells electroporated CD40-B cells to induce CD8+ T-cell responses, these RNA-loaded cells were co-cultured with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 7 days followed by analysis of T-cell antigen specificity. These experiments showed that CD40-B cells electroporated with HepG2 cells' total RNA are capable of activating antigen-specific interferon-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells, and these T cells activated by CD40-B cells show a killing effect on HepG2 cells. These findings demonstrated that the carcinoma cell derived total RNA-electroporated CD40-B cells could be used as alternative APC for the induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, which might be used in HCC immunotherapy.