Regulation of growth of human bladder cancer by miR-192.

The regulation of microRNA-192 (miR-192) is impaired in many cancers. Here, we investigated the role of miR-192 in the proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Human bladder cancer cells were transfected with human miR-192 precursor or non-specific control miRNA. The effect of miR-192 on cell proliferation was assessed by a MTT assay. The effects of miR-192 on cell cycle regulation and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of cyclin D1, p21, p27, Bcl-2, Bax, and Mcl-1. We found that overexpression of miR-192 significantly decreased the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by 22 and 54 % at 48 and 72 h, respectively. MiR-192-overexpressing cells exhibited a significant increase in G0/G1 phase and a significant decrease in S phase compared to the control miRNA-transfected cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-192 significantly induced apoptotic death in bladder cancer cells, increased the levels of p21, p27, and Bax, and decreased the levels of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-192 may be a suppressor for bladder cancer cells by cell cycle regulation.

Differentially expressed genes and interacting pathways in bladder cancer revealed by bioinformatic analysis.

The goal of this study was to identify cancer-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), analyze their biological functions and investigate the mechanism(s) of cancer occurrence and development, which may provide a theoretical foundation for bladder cancer (BCa) therapy. We downloaded the mRNA expression profiling dataset GSE13507 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database; the dataset includes 165 BCa and 68 control samples. T­tests were used to identify DEGs. To further study the biological functions of the identified DEGs, we performed a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Next, we built a network of potentially interacting pathways to study the synergistic relationships among DEGs. A total of 12,105 genes were identified as DEGs, of which 5,239 were upregulated and 6,866 were downregulated in BCa. The DEGs encoding activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) proteins, nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and interleukin (IL)-10 were revealed to participate in the significantly enriched immune pathways that were downregulated in BCa. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 7 significantly upregulated and 47 significantly downregulated pathways enriched among the DEGs. We found a crosstalk interaction among a total of 44 pathways in the network of BCa-affected pathways. In conclusion, our results show that BCa involves dysfunctions in multiple systems. Our study is expected to pave ways for immune and inflammatory research and provide molecular insights for cancer therapy.