Thioredoxin1 Binding Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Attenuates Inflammation and Apoptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Post-transcriptional regulation and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play vital roles in the occurrence of secondary injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, we identified RBPs distinctively expressed after ICH by screening and determined thioredoxin1 (Txn1) as one of the most distinctive RBPs. We employed an ICH model and in vitro experiments to investigate the role of Txn1 in ICH. Firstly, we found that Txn1 was mainly expressed in microglia and neurons in the central nervous system, and its expression was significantly reduced in perihematomal tissue. Additionally, adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying Txn1 was injected into the ICH rat model. Our results showed that overexpression of Txn1 reduced secondary injury and improved outcome in the ICH rat model. Moreover, to understand the therapeutic mechanism of Txn1 after ICH, we performed RNA immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that Txn1 binds to inflammation- and apoptosis-related mRNAs and affects gene expression through RNA splicing and translation. Finally, RNA pull-down assays and in vitro experiments confirmed that Txn1 binds to metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), leading to reduced inflammation and apoptosis. Our study suggests that Txn1 is a potential therapeutic target for alleviating ICH-induced brain injury.

Reward enhances resilience to chronic social defeat stress in mice: Neural ECs and mGluR5 mechanism via neuroprotection in VTA and DRN.

Introduction: Stress often leads to emotional disorders such as depression. The reward might render this effect through the enhancement of stress resilience. However, the effect of reward on stress resilience under different intensities of stress needs more evidence, and its potential neural mechanism has been poorly revealed. It has been reported that the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECs) and downstream metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are closely related to stress and reward, which might be the potential cerebral mechanism between reward and stress resilience, but there is a lack of direct evidence. This study aims to observe the effect of reward on stress resilience under different intensities of stress and further explore potential cerebral mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods: Using the chronic social defeat stress model, we applied reward (accompanied by a female mouse) under different intensities of stress in mice during the modeling process. The impact of reward on stress resilience and the potential cerebral mechanism were observed after modeling through behavioral tests and biomolecules. Results: The results showed that stronger stress led to higher degrees of depression-like behavior. Reward reduced depression-like behavior and enhanced stress resilience (all p-value <0.05) (more social interaction in the social test, less immobility time in the forced swimming test, etc.), with a stronger effect under the large stress. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of CB1 and mGluR5, the protein expression level of mGluR5, and the expression level of 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) in both ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were significantly upregulated by reward after modeling (all p-value <0.05). However, the protein expression of CB1 in VTA and DRN and the expression of AEA (anandamide) in VTA did not differ significantly between groups. Intraperitoneal injection of a CB1 agonist (URB-597) during social defeat stress significantly reduced depression-like behavior compared with a CB1 inhibitor (AM251) (all p-value <0.05). Interestingly, in DRN, the expression of AEA in the stress group was lower than that of the control group, with or without reward (all p-value <0.05). Discussion: These findings demonstrate that combined social and sexual reward has a positive effect on stress resilience during chronic social defeat stress, potentially by influencing the ECs and mGluR5 in VTA and DRN.

A Hypothesis of Gender Differences in Self-Reporting Symptom of Depression: Implications to Solve Under-Diagnosis and Under-Treatment of Depression in Males.

The phenomenon of female preponderance in depression has been well-reported, which has been challenged by higher rates of suicide and addictive behaviors in males, and a longer life-span in females. We thus propose an alternative hypothesis "Gender differences in self-reporting symptom of depression," suggesting mild-moderate depression tends to be reported more often by females, and severe depression and suicide tend to be reported more often by males. Potential mechanisms that account for this difference may include three aspects: covariation between estrogen levels and the incidence peak of female depression, gender differences in coping style (e.g., comparative emotional inexpressiveness and non-help-seeking in males), and gender differences in symptom phenotypes (e.g., atypical symptoms in male depression). Our newly presented hypothesis implied the overlooked under-diagnosis and under-treatment of depression in males. For effective diagnoses and timely treatment of male depression, it is critical to incorporate symptoms of depression in males into the relevant diagnostic criteria, encourage males to express negative emotions, and increase awareness of suicidal behavior in males.

Fear in the Chinese Population: Influential Patterns in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Major global public health emergencies challenge public mental health. Negative emotions, and especially fear, may endanger social stability. To better cope with epidemics and pandemics, early emotional guidance should be provided based on an understanding of the status of public emotions in the given circumstances. From January 27 to February 11, 2020 (during which the cases of COVID-19 were increasing), a national online survey of the Chinese public was conducted. A total of 132,482 respondents completed a bespoke questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ). Results showed that at the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, 53.0% of the Chinese population reported varying degrees of fear, mostly mild. As seen from regression analysis, for individuals who were unmarried and with a relatively higher educational level, living in city or area with fewer confirmed cases, cognitive reappraisal, positive expressivity and negative inhibition were the protective factors of fear. For participants being of older age, female, a patient or medical staff member, risk perception, negative expressivity, positive impulse strength and negative impulse strength were the risk factors for fear. The levels of fear and avoidant behavior tendencies were risk factors for disturbed physical function. Structural equation modeling suggested that fear emotion had a mediation between risk perception and escape behavior and physical function disturbance. The findings help to reveal the public emotional status at the early stage of the pandemic based on a large Chinese sample, allowing targeting of the groups that most need emotional guidance under crisis. Findings also provide evidence of the need for psychological assistance in future major public health emergencies.

Negative Emotions in Chinese Frontline Medical Staff During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Epidemic: Status, Trend, and Influential Pathways Based on a National Investigation.

Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared as a major public health emergency, has had profound effects on public mental health especially emotional status. Due to professional requirements, medical staff are at a higher risk of infection, which might induce stronger negative emotions. This study aims to reveal the emotional status of Chinese frontline medical staff in the early epidemic period to better maintain their mental health, and provide adequate psychological support for them. Methods: A national online survey was carried out in China at the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic. In total, 3025 Chinese frontline medical staff took part in this investigation which utilized a general information questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ). Results: At the early stage of COVID-19, anxiety was the most common negative emotion of Chinese medical staff, followed by sadness, fear, and anger, mainly at a mild degree, which declined gradually over time. Nurses had the highest level of negative emotions compared with doctors and other healthcare workers. Women experienced more fear than men, younger and unmarried medical staff had more anxiety and fear compared with elders and married ones. Risk perception and emotional expressivity increased negative emotions, cognitive reappraisal reduced negative emotions, while negative emotions led to more avoidant behavior and more physical health disturbances, in which negative emotions mediated the effect of risk perception on avoidant behavior tendency in the model test. Conclusion: Chinese frontline medical staff experienced a mild level of negative emotions at the early stage of COVID-19, which decreased gradually over time. The findings suggest that during the epidemic, nurses' mental health should be extensively attended to, as well as women, younger, and unmarried medical staff. To better ensure their mental health, reducing risk perception and improving cognitive reappraisal might be important, which are potentially valuable to form targeted psychological interventions and emotional guidance under crisis in the future.

circANRIL reduces vascular endothelial injury, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with coronary atherosclerosis.

Effects of circular antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (circANRIL) on vascular endothelial injury, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with coronary atherosclerosis were studied by establishing a rat model of coronary atherosclerosis in which circANRIL was differentially expressed. A total of 40 healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into research group (n=32) and control group (n=8). In research group, a rat model of coronary atherosclerosis was established without special treatment. The blood calcium (Ca2+) and lipid levels in the two groups were compared. After cell transfection, the rats were divided into blank group (untransfected), negative group (transfected with blank vector), circANRIL group (transfected with circANRIL overexpression plasmid) and circANRIL inhibitor group (transfected with circANRIL silencer). Then the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in each group were compared. Western blotting was adopted to detect the expressions of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), p38MAPK and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Finally, p-p38MAPK/GAPDH, p38MAPK/GAPDH and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK were calculated. There were significant differences in the levels of serum Ca2+ and lipid between control group and research group (P<0.05). Besides, differences in LDH, SOD, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant in each group were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in the gray values of p-p38MAPK/GAPDH and p38MAPK/GAPDH and their ratio p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK in each group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Inhibiting the expression of circANRIL in coronary heart disease cases can reduce vascular endothelial injury, oxidative stress and inflammation.

Effects of aspirin combined with cilostazol on thromboangiitis obliterans in diabetic patients.

The present study explored the effects of aspirin combined with cilostazolin in the treatment of diabetic patients with thromboangiitis obliterans and the effects on the related inflammatory factors. A total of 90 diabetic patients with thromboangiitis obliterans admitted to Weifang People's Hospital from August 2015 to June 2017 were selected and divided into the control group (n=45) and the combination group (n=45). Patients in the control group were given aspirin, and those in the combination group were given aspirin combined with cilostazol. Before treatment and 6 weeks after treatment, the clinical data including ankle-brachial index (ABI), 6-min walk test (6MWT) and test data including serum inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 of the two groups were collected for quantitative and statistical analysis. Compared with those in the control group, the ABI and 6MWT in the combination group could be effectively reduced, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). At the same time, cilostazol combined with aspirin could effectively reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients, except for nitric oxide (NO), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with that before treatment, the control and the combination group can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of the patients, and aspirin combined with cilostazol can effectively improve the clinical curative effect of diabetic patients with thromboangitis obliterans and delay the progression of the disease.

Maternal depression and suicide at immediate prenatal and early postpartum periods and psychosocial risk factors.

Maternal depression has been intensively explored; however, less attention has been paid to maternal suicide. No studies to date have observed maternal depression and suicide at immediate prenatal and early postpartum stages. In total, 213 Chinese women were recruited in hospitals after they were admitted for childbirth. All completed a short-term longitudinal survey at perinatal stages. Women reported lower depression scores (6.65) and higher suicidal ideation incidence (11.74%) after childbirth. Prenatal depression raised the possibility of prenatal suicidal ideation, while prenatal depression and suicidal ideation increased postpartum depression and suicidal ideation. At immediate prenatal stage, marital satisfaction protected women from depression, while miscarriage experiences and self-esteem increased the risk. At early postpartum stage, in contrast, being first-time mother, marital satisfaction, and harmony with mother-in-law prevented them from depression. Our study is among the first to confirm that women have decreased depression but increased suicidal ideation at early postpartum, and a causal relationship between them, which are worthy of public attention. Potential protective (marital satisfaction, being first-time mother, and harmony with mother-in-law) or risk factors (miscarriage experiences and self-esteem) of maternal depression and suicidal ideation are identified at perinatal stages. This offers reliable guidance for clinical practice of health care.

[Painless esophagoscopy in extraction of foreign bodies in the esophagus].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of intravenous anesthesia in painless esophagoscopy for extraction of foreign bodies in the esophagus. METHOD: Forty-two patients underwent painless esophagoscopy, and extracted the foreign bodies in the esophagus. RESULT: Thirty-two cases had their foreign bodies extracted smoothly and no serious complication occurred,the other 10 cases were mucosal injuries of esophagus with no obvious foreign body. CONCLUSION: Intravenous sedation with propofol in extraction of foreign bodies in the esophagus can relieve the suffering and adverse reactions, and it is safe, quick, comfortable and effective for extraction of foreign bodies in the esophagus and is worthy to be applied in the clinic.