Pd-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Hydrocarboxylation of Olefins with Oxalic Acid: A Remarkable Effect of the Counteranion on Regioselectivity.

A regioselective Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of vinyl arenes with oxalic acid is described. A wide variety of either linear or branched carboxylic acids can be readily obtained with high regioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The reaction process is operationally simple and requires no handling of toxic CO. Besides the ligand, the counteranion of the Pd catalyst system plays an important role in the regioselectivity.

Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroformylation of Olefins with HCO2H and Its Derivatives.

An effective Pd-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation process with N-formylsaccharin or 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl formate along with formic acid is described. Linear aldehydes can be obtained in up to 83% yield and >20:1 l/b ratio. The reaction is operationally simple without the need for external CO and H2.

Pd-Catalyzed Aryl C-H Amination with Diaziridinone.

This work describes an efficient Pd-catalyzed ortho-C-H amination of N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamides with di-t-butyldiaziridinone, providing a variety of anthranilic amides in good yields. The reaction likely involves the formation of a pallada(II)heterocycle via aryl C-H activation and subsequent amination with di-t-butyldiaziridinone.

Progress on transition metal catalyzed asymmetric hydroesterification, hydrocarboxylation, and hydroamidation reactions of olefins.

Hydrocarboxylation, hydroesterification, and hydroamidation of olefins are fundamental transformations in organic synthesis. Asymmetric processes for these transformations provide an effective and straightforward approach to optically active carboxylic acids and their derivatives, which are highly useful compounds in pharmaceuticals, materials, fine chemicals, etc. This review provides a brief summary of the development of asymmetric hydroesterification, hydrocarboxylation, and hydroamidation with CO and its surrogates.

Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Branched Hydrocarboxylation of Terminal Olefins with Formic Acid.

A regioselective Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of terminal olefins with HCOOH is described. A wide variety of branched carboxylic acids can readily be obtained with high regioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The reaction is operationally simple and requires no handling of toxic CO. The ligand and LiCl are important factors for reaction reactivity and selectivity.

A Cu-Promoted C-N Coupling of Boron Esters and Diaziridinone: An Approach to Aryl Ureas.

A novel Cu-promoted C-N coupling between boron esters and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone is described. A wide variety of aryl ureas can be readily obtained under mild conditions with up to a 92% yield.

A Tandem Nucleophilic Aminopalladation and Carbene Insertion Sequence for Indole Fused Polycycles.

An efficient tandem nucleophilic aminopalladation and carbene insertion sequence is described for the synthesis of indole fused polycycles. The reaction process provides a variety of substituted indeno[1,2-b]indoles in up to 99% yields.

Pd-Catalyzed Indole Synthesis via C-H Activation and Bisamination Sequence with Diaziridinone.

This work describes an efficient Pd-catalyzed indole synthesis. A wide variety of indoles can be obtained in good yields from readily available vinyl bromides. The reaction likely proceeds through a sequential aryl C-H activation and bisamination of a resulting pallada(II)cycle with diaziridinone.

Domino C-N Bond Formation via a Palladacycle with Diaziridinone. An Approach to Indolo[3,2-b]indoles.

Palladium-catalyzed C-N bond formation is one of the widely used transformations for the synthesis of structurally diverse N-heterocycles. This work describes an efficient palladium-catalyzed multiple-C-N bond formation reaction for the synthesis of highly π-conjugated N-heterocycles, indolo[3,2-b]indoles with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone. The reaction likely proceeds through the initial formation of an indole-fused palladacycle by nucleophilic aminopalladation and subsequent bisamination to give indolo[3,2-b]indoles.

Palladium-Catalyzed Sequential C-H Activation/Amination with Diaziridinone: An Approach to Indoles.

Indoles are an important class of molecules. This paper describes an efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of indoles from 2-iodostyrenes and di-t-butyldiaziridinone with a simultaneous installation of two C-N bonds. The reaction process likely proceeds through the oxidative insertion of Pd to aryl iodide and subsequent vinyl C-H activation to from a pallada(II)cycle intermediate, which is bisaminated by di-t-butyldiaziridinone to give the indole product.

Catalytic enantioselective bromohydroxylation of cinnamyl alcohols.

This work describes an effective enantioselective bromohydroxylation of cinnamyl alcohols with (DHQD)2PHAL as the catalyst and H2O as the nucleophile, providing a variety of corresponding optically active bromohydrins with up to 95% ee.

A Pd-Catalyzed Site-Controlled Isomerization of Terminal Olefins.

An effective Pd-catalyzed isomerization of olefins with 2-PyPPh2 as the ligand is described. A wide variety of trans-2-olefins bearing various functional groups can be obtained with high regio- and stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The ligand is crucial for the reaction.

Complications and Costs of Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters Compared With Implantable Port Catheters for Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and implantable port catheters (IPCs) are 2 most common central venous access for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. However, no specific evidence exists to guide practitioners on safety and less cost. OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of complications and costs of PICC and IPC in the treatment of cancer patients with chemotherapy and to provide a basis for better clinical decision making. METHODS: All the cohort studies were searched in the Cochrane Library, JBI, PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBM, and CNKI from inception to July 2018. Two reviewers screened and selected trials, evaluated quality, and extracted data. Meta-analysis and description of the outcomes were performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 761 articles were retrieved, with 15 articles meeting eligibility criteria. Outcome analysis showed no difference in 1-puncture success rate. Peripherally inserted central catheter use was associated with higher complication rates than IPC, including occlusion, infection, malposition, catheter-related thrombosis, extravasation, phlebitis, and accidental removal rate. The life span of IPC was longer than that of PICC, and the costs of IPC were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Implantable port catheter has advantages over PICC in reducing cancer patients' complications and less cost in terms of long-term cancer chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: In terms of safety, the results provide evidence for practitioners to choose which type of central venous catheters is better for cancer chemotherapy patients. In terms of costs, practitioners need to make decisions about which type of central venous catheters has less cost.

A facile copper(i)-catalyzed homo-coupling of indanone derivatives using diaziridinone under mild conditions.

A novel and efficient Cu(i)-catalyzed homo-coupling of indanone derivatives using diaziridinone as an oxidant is described. A variety of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds bearing two adjacent quaternary stereocenters were obtained in high yields with high diastereoselectivities via a base-free and operationally simple process under mild reaction conditions.

Pd-Catalyzed Highly Chemo- and Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Terminal Alkyl Olefins with Formic Acid.

An efficient Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of alkenes with HCOOH is described. A wide variety of linear carboxylic acids bearing various functional groups can be obtained with excellent chemo- and regioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The reaction process is operationally simple and requires no handling of toxic CO.

Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Reaction of Grignard Reagents with Diaziridinone as Oxidant.

A novel Pd-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction with readily available Grignard reagents using di- t-butyldiaziridinone as an oxidant has been developed. Various substituted olefins were obtained in 46-91% yields with high regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions.

A Ligand-Directed Catalytic Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Aryl Olefins with Pd and Formic Acid.

An effective Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of aryl olefins with Ac2O and formic acid is described. A variety of 2- and 3-arylpropanoic acids can be regioselectively formed by the judicious choice of ligand without the use of toxic CO gas.

Palladium-Catalyzed Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroesterification of Aryl Olefins with Phenyl Formate.

An effective Pd-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroesterification of aryl olefins with phenyl formate is described. A variety of phenyl 2-arylpropanoates can be obtained in good yields with high b/l ratios and ee's without using toxic CO gas.

An Effective Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroformylation of Olefins with Formic Acid.

An effective palladium-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation of olefins with formic acid is described. The ligand plays a crucial role in directing the reaction pathway. Linear aldehydes can be obtained in up to 93% yield with >20:1 regioselectivity using 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) as the ligand. The reaction process is operationally simple and requires no syngas.

Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Marineosin A.

A total synthesis of a proposed structure of marineosin A has been achieved. The key steps involve Lewis acid catalyzed spirocyclizaton, ring-closing metathesis, Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis, and a Vilsmeier-Haack type reaction with Tf2O.