Effect of rice bran fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum on gut microbiome of mice fed high-sucrose diet.

To clarify the effect of rice bran (RB) and fermented RB (FRB) in a high-sucrose and low-dietary fibre diet on the gut microbiome, the in vitro bile acid-lowering capacity and caecal microbiota of ICR mice fed with 20% RB or FRB diets for two weeks were determined. The caecal microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The in vitro bile acid-lowering capacity was high for FRB. In mouse experiments, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol were generally lower with FRB, although the faecal frequency was highest in mice fed with RB. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's indices for alpha-diversity in the microbiome of mice fed with RB and FRB, were higher than mice fed the control diet. At the phylum level in the caecal microbiome, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were high with FRB and RB, respectively. At the operational taxonomic unit level, some bacterial groups related to diabetes and gut toxicity, such as Lachnospiraceae and Enterorhabdus mucosicola, were high for RB but not for FRB diets. These results suggest that FRB, rather than RB, intake improve the intestinal environment and blood lipid condition.

Wide-angle propagating beam analysis based on the generalized Douglas scheme for variable coefficients.

The generalized Douglas scheme is applied to the finite-difference beam-propagation method (FD-BPM) with a (1, 1) Padé approximant operator. A truncation error of O(Deltax)(4) is found in the transverse direction. To assess the accuracy of the scheme, we investigate the propagation error of the fundamental mode in a two-dimensional tilted waveguide in terms of the coupling efficiency. The present scheme offers further improvement in the analysis of wide-angle beam propagation compared with the conventional FD-BPM.