RESUMO
We examined the spatial distributions of 226Ra, 228Ra, 134Cs, and 137Cs concentrations (activities) in seawater off the western and southern Korean Peninsula in July 2014. Radium-228 (and 226Ra) concentrations in water samples varied widely from 5 to 14 mBq/L (2-4 mBq/L), showing a negative correlation with salinity, particularly at the surface off the western Korean Peninsula. This indicates that the seawaters in this area are fundamentally comprised of 228Ra-poor and high-saline Kuroshio Current water and 228Ra-rich and low-saline water (e.g., continental shelf water), with various mixing ratios. Although Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP)-derived 134Cs was below the detection limit (<0.08 mBq/L) in waters off the western Korean Peninsula, low level 134Cs (0.1-0.2 mBq/L) was detected in waters off the southern Korean Peninsula accompanied by higher 137Cs concentrations (1.6-1.9 mBq/L) relative to that off the western Korean Peninsula. Combined with the lower radium concentrations, the detection of 134Cs is explained by mixing of FDNPP-derived radiocesium-contaminated Kuroshio Current water.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Monitoramento de Radiação , Rádio (Elemento)/análise , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Japão , Água do Mar/químicaRESUMO
To investigate the dispersion of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP)-derived radiocesium in the Sea of Japan and western Pacific coastal region and determine the sources of radiocesium in these areas, we examined the temporal and spatial variations of 134Cs and 137Cs concentrations (activities) during 2011-2016 in seawaters around the western Japanese Archipelago, particularly in the Sea of Japan. In May 2013, the surface concentration of 134Cs was â¼0.5 mBq/L (decay-corrected to March 11, 2011), and that of 137Cs exceeded the pre-accident level in this study area, where the effects of radiocesium depositions just after the FDNPP accident disappeared in surface waters in October 2011. Subsequently, radiocesium concentrations gradually increased during 2013-2016 (â¼0.5-1 mBq/L for 134Cs), exhibiting approximately homogeneous distributions in each year. The temporal and spatial variations of 134Cs and 137Cs concentrations indicated that FDNPP-derived radiocesium around the western Japanese Archipelago, including the Sea of Japan, has been supported by the Kuroshio Current and its branch, Tsushima Warm Current, during 2013-2016. However, in the Sea of Japan, the penetration of 134Cs was limited to depths of less than â¼200 m during three years following the re-delivery of FDNPP-derived radiocesium.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Japão , Cinza Radioativa/análise , Água do Mar/química , Contaminação Radioativa da Água/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
We examined lateral distributions of 134Cs, 137Cs, 226Ra, and 228Ra in the surface seawaters around the Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean during June 2014. The sampling area included three water current areas, the Oyashio Current, the current from the Okhotsk Sea, and the coastal current along the east Kamchatka Peninsula. 226Ra and 228Ra distributions differed along the three currents. Low levels of 134Cs were detected in the surface waters of the Oyashio Current (0.09-0.35 mBq/L), but it was <â¼0.1 mBq/L at the surface along the other two currents. This indicates that the distribution of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP)-derived radiocesium in surface waters off the Kamchatka and along the Kuril Islands is predominantly governed by the Oyashio current system.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Monitoramento de Radiação , Rádio (Elemento)/análise , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Oceano Pacífico , Cinza Radioativa/análise , Água do MarRESUMO
Thirty-five patients with end-stage gynecological cancer, twelve taken care for at home care and 23 taken care for at our hospital, were compared. The life span after recurrence was significantly (p < 0.05) longer in the group taken care for at home. The number of persons living with the patient was also significantly (p < 0.01) larger in the group taken care for at home. Moreover, the hospitalization in the end stage of the disease was significantly (p < 0.01) shorter in the group taken care for at home. The average hospitalization in the end was for 6.5 days. Four patients died at their home. Average period the 12 patients stayed at home was 52.7 days. Following matters are important in order to provide home care. 1. We must know the biological characteristics of the cancer. 2. It is important that it does not lose the timing to which shift to the home care, keeping good doctor-patient relationship. 3. Limit of the therapy against cancer and importance of treatment at home should be carefully and clearly explained to the patient.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar , Hospitalização , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/mortalidade , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
In the two-stage model of controlling cellular senescence in cultured human fibroblasts, retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 proteins may be key factors regulating the mortality stage 1 mechanism. In addition, the critical loss of telomeric DNA due to the end-replication problem may result in the mortality stage 2 mechanism. Cells which acquire telomerase activity can overcome the M2 mechanism by stabilizing telomere length and thus become immortal (telomere hypothesis). At present it is known whether cellular immortality is a prerequisite for all human cancers. To investigate this question and the applicability of the two-stage model to human cancers, we analysed the relationship between alterations of telomere length and other genetic changes in lung cancer. Among 60 primary lung cancer tissues, telomere length alterations were observed in 16 tumors (26.7%) including 14 with short and two with elongated telomeres. Ten of them revealed allelic loss of both p53 and Rb genes, and remaining six showed no abnormalities in both genes. We propose that inactivation of both p53 and Rb genes may promote cell divisions causing telomere shortening in lung cancer as in the two-stage model, while there may be another pathway to overcome both M1 and M2 mechanisms, especially for adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Deleção Cromossômica , Genes do Retinoblastoma , Genes p53 , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Telômero , Sequência de Bases , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1 , Genes ras , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , MutaçãoRESUMO
We investigated the relationship between telomere length and various characteristics of tumor cells in 46 lung cancer specimens (40 primary lesions and six metastatic lesions). Three variant patterns of telomere length were observed in 16 cases (34.8%): reduction in 13 cases, elongation in two cases, and convergence in one case. These variant patterns were frequently observed in small cell carcinomas, in metastatic lesions, and in cases which possessed the S-type allele of the L-myc gene. All three cases with telomere elongation or convergence were associated with a poor prognosis. This is compatible with the previous report suggesting that telomerase activity may be an indicator of immortality in vitro. In adenocarcinoma, telomere reduction or elongation was also observed in the early stages with a low percentage of cells in the S-phase, while in cases with other histologic types, these changes were observed only in late stage, in metastatic lesions, or in cancerous tissues with a high percentage of cells in the S-phase. Although the reduction of telomere length in these tissues may be a result of many cell divisions, it may represent another stage of carcinogenesis in early-stage adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Cromossomos Humanos/ultraestrutura , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Telômero/ultraestrutura , Idoso , Aneuploidia , Sequência de Bases , Tumor Carcinoide/genética , Tumor Carcinoide/secundário , Tumor Carcinoide/ultraestrutura , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/ultraestrutura , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/ultraestrutura , Divisão Celular , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Feminino , Genes myc , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Metástase Neoplásica , PrognósticoAssuntos
Genes p53/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Íntrons , JapãoRESUMO
Findings of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were compared among three groups of patients: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with or without interstitial lung disease (ILD), and collagen disease other than RA accompanied by ILD. Regardless of the presence or absence of associated ILD, the RA groups showed higher numbers of neutrophils in BALF with a mean number about 10 times that of the collagen disease group. In contrast, the percentages of lymphocytes in the RA groups were lower than that in the collagen disease group. Classification of alveolitis on the basis of BALF findings revealed neutrophil type (N) in 55% of the RA patients and lymphocyte type (L) in 25%. In the collagen disease group, N was found in 15.4%, and L in 38.5%. Regarding the lymphocyte subsets, many patients with RA accompanied by ILD had a CD 4/8 ratio of 1 or great. These findings suggest that highly characteristic neutrophil alveolitis is present in the pulmonary interstitium from the initial stage of RA.