RESUMO
The detection of miRNAs in plasma and other body fluids opened up a fascinating possibility that animal noncoding RNAs can act as extracellular signaling molecules. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field including the ability of miRNAs to participate in intercellular communication in vitro and in vivo, and the application of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic markers of a wide range of diseases. Special attention is paid to the relevance of the development and unification of current techniques for isolation of circulating miRNAs.
Assuntos
Comunicação Celular , MicroRNAs/sangue , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Pequeno RNA não Traduzido/sangue , Pequeno RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Patologia MolecularRESUMO
Lactate (lactic acid) concentrations in sweat and venous and capillary blood of athletes were measured before and after exercise of the maximum aerobic power. Correlations between the increment of blood and sweat lactate concentrations were found. Lactate concentrations in the sweat can be used for evaluation of changes in blood lactate levels.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Suor/química , Adulto , Atletas , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The dynamics of salivary hydrocortisone during exercise depends on the professional status of the athlete. Hydrocortisone concentrations increase and those of secretory IgA decrease significantly during short-term highly intense exercise. Presumably, basal serum hydrocortisone level is the key factor in restoration of the secretory IgA concentration after exercise by inhibition of lymphocyte, macrophage, and monocyte functions through an increase in glucocorticoid level under the effect of physiological stressors.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Adulto , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Esforço Físico , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologiaRESUMO
Intensive exercise triggers the cascade processes of body adaptation, including modulation of splisosome functioning, and can lead to modification of its activity and choice of alternative exons. We studied the effect of exercise of the maximum aerobic power on activation of transcription of genes involved in the splicing process. Short-term exercise resulted in a significant increase of mRNA expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the formation of precatalytic splisosome: DDX17, DDX46, HNRNPR, PRPF4B, and SRPK2. The role of the detected regulators in initiation of splisosome assembly under conditions of maximally intensive exercise is discussed.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Splicing de RNA/genética , Adolescente , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/genética , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/fisiologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogêneas/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogêneas/fisiologia , Humanos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/fisiologia , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U2/genética , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U2/fisiologia , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U4-U6/genética , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U4-U6/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Stabilometric parameters were compared in sportsmen of various disciplines (biathlon, boat racing, judo, and water polo). A decrease in the role of gravitational factor in sport activity was accompanied by the impairment of balance characteristics, which remained within normal limits of the mean population level.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Esportes , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Artes Marciais , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Suporte de Carga/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We developed a method of rapid assay for biochemical properties of the saliva based on attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. This method allows evaluating saliva composition within 5 min without sample preparation; 10 microl sample is enough for the analysis. The concentration of total protein, glucose, secretory immunoglobulin A, urea, amylase, cortisol, inorganic phosphate in the saliva can also be measured. Precision and reproducibility of the evaluated parameters are comparable to those obtained by routine clinical analysis.
Assuntos
Saliva/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/análise , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/análise , Proteínas/análise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
The method of mid-infrared molecular spectroscopy allows precise measuring of the concentrations of a large number of biological molecules in a minimal sample volume. Method of projections on latent structures was used for plotting the calibration models. On the basis on mid-infrared spectral data we obtained calibration models for calculation of serum content of various substances: albumin, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea, 70 Da heat shock protein, and malonic dialdehyde.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Soro/química , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
The main parameters of humoral immunity during medium intensity exercise were studied in oarsmen with high and low cardiovascular adaptation. A relationship between high cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and immune response polarization by the Th2 mechanism was demonstrated. Increased production of IL-10 in response to physical stress plays a key role in this relationship.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Sistema Cardiovascular , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Adolescente , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Humanos , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
A 4-week study of adaptation reserves of the body was carried out during medium intensive exercise (medium intensive training: 60-80% threshold anaerobic metabolism). Two groups of athletes were singled out by the results of pulsometry analysis: with less than 20% work duration at the level above the 80% threshold anaerobic metabolism and with more than 20% work duration at the level above 80% threshold anaerobic metabolism. No appreciable differences between the concentrations of total testosterone, growth hormone, and cortisol before and after exercise in the groups with different percentage of anaerobic work duration were detected. In group 1 the concentrations of free testosterone did not change throughout the period of observation in comparison with the levels before training. In group 2, the level of free testosterone increased in comparison with the basal level: from 0.61+/-0.12 nmol/liter at the end of week 1 to 0.98+/-0.11 nmol/liter at the end of week 4 (p<0.01). The results indicate that the level of free testosterone can be used for evaluating the degree of athlete's adaptation to medium intensive exercise.