Hipossuficiência de vitamina D em pacientes atendidos em um laboratório de análises clínicas de Salvador, Bahia / Vitamin D hypo-sufficiency in patients attended in a clinical analysis laboratory in Salvador city, Bahia

Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência de hipossuficiência em vitamina D em soteropolitanos atendidos em um laboratório de análises clínicas de Salvador entre os anos de 2015 e 2018. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, com amostra de conveniência. Foram prospectados dados sobre a dosagem de 25-hidróxi-vitamina D (OH25) de pacientes atendidos no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software GraphPad Prism a partir da estratificação por níveis séricos de vitamina D, gênero, faixa etária e procedência do paciente. Os valores de referência utilizados na análise da vitamina D estão em consonância com as recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia. Resultados: Foram analisados 2.263 pacientes com idade entre 1 e 99 anos (mediana = 53; IQ= 35 e 64), sendo 82,39% do sexo feminino. Dentre as 1.863 mulheres analisadas, 602 (32,31%) desvelaram níveis deficientes e 731 (39,24%) insuficientes. Entre os homens, 105 (26,38%) foram categorizados como deficientes e 150 (37,69%) insuficientes. Crianças menores de 12 anos exibiram os maiores níveis de vitamina D (mediana = 32,69) e adultos com mais de 80 anos apresentaram os menores níveis (mediana = 20,95). Todos os grupos etários evidenciaram mais de 40% dos indivíduos com hipossuficiência em vitamina D. Conclusão: Os resultados deste trabalho ratificam um percentual elevado de hipovitaminose D em todas as faixas etárias, suscitando necessidade de reflexão pelos órgãos competentes sobre o ajuste dos valores de referência ou suplementação de vitamina D na população.

Objective: To assess the frequency of vitamin D hypo-sufficiency in patients at a clinical analysis laboratory in Salvador between the years 2015 and 2018. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample. Data on the dosage of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (OH25) from patients seen at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of APAE were prospected. Statistical analyzes were performed using the GraphPad Prism software based on stratification by serum vitamin D levels, gender, age and origin of the patient. The reference values used in the analysis of vitamin D are in line with the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology. Results: 2,263 patients aged 1 to 99 years (median = 53; IQ = 35 and 64) were evaluated, 82.39% of whom were female. Among the 1,863 women analyzed, 602 (32.31%) revealed deficient levels and 731 (39.24%) insuficiente levels. Among men, 105 (26.38%) were categorized as deficient and 150 (37.69%) were insufficient. Children under 12 years old had the highest levels of vitamin D (median = 32.69) and adults over 80 years old had the lowest levels (median = 20.95). All age groups showed more than 40% of individuals with low vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: The studied sample showed a high percentage of hypovitaminosis D, to be revealing the need for reflection by organs competent of vitamin D supplementation in the general population or the adjustment of reference values.

Everything you always wanted to know about gene flow in tropical landscapes (but were afraid to ask).

The bulk of the world's biodiversity is found in tropical regions, which are increasingly threatened by the human-led degradation of natural habitats. Yet, little is known about tropical biodiversity responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Here we review all available literature assessing landscape effects on gene flow in tropical species, aiming to help unravel the factors underpinning functional connectivity in the tropics. We map and classify studies by focus species, the molecular markers employed, statistical approaches to assess landscape effects on gene flow, and the evaluated landscape and environmental variables. We then compare qualitatively and quantitatively landscape effects on gene flow across species and units of analysis. We found 69 articles assessing landscape effects on gene flow in tropical organisms, most of which were published in the last five years, were concentrated in the Americas, and focused on amphibians or mammals. Most studies employed population-level approaches, microsatellites were the preferred type of markers, and Mantel and partial Mantel tests the most common statistical approaches used. While elevation, land cover and forest cover were the most common gene flow predictors assessed, habitat suitability was found to be a common predictor of gene flow. A third of all surveyed studies explicitly assessed the effect of habitat degradation, but only 14 of these detected a reduced gene flow with increasing habitat loss. Elevation was responsible for most significant microsatellite-based isolation by resistance effects and a single study reported significant isolation by non-forested areas in an ant. Our study reveals important knowledge gaps on the study of landscape effects on gene flow in tropical organisms, and provides useful guidelines on how to fill them.