Entomological aspects of leishmaniasis transmission in the urban area of Teófilo Otoni, a municipality endemic for the disease in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.

Brazil is endemic for both visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) clinical forms of leishmaniasis, poverty-associated diseases with worldwide distribution. Leishmania parasites are the etiological agents of leishmaniases, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected phlebotomine sand flies. From 2018 to 2023, 15 cases of VL and 129 cases of CL were reported in Téofilo Otoni, an important economic center in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Owing to the lack of data on the entomological fauna, the present study aimed to clarify this main aspect of leishmaniasis. From May, 2021 to April, 2023, entomological captures were performed monthly in ten neighborhoods in Teófilo Otoni. The influence of bioclimatic variables on insect populations was evaluated, and natural infection by Leishmania spp. was investigated using molecular methods. A total of 306 specimens of 12 species of phlebotomine sand fly were collected. The majority (91.6%) were proven or putative vectors of leishmaniasis agents. The population of insects tended to increase during the cooler and drier months. Although Leishmania infection was not detected in any of the samples, the presence of vectors provides conditions for the maintenance and expansion of the transmission cycle of leishmaniasis in Teófilo Otoni.

The AMPK/cAMP Metabolic Signaling Axis as a Possible Therapeutic Target for Diabetes.

Diabetes is a complex disease, despite the availability of numerous treatments, its progression and complications can only be mitigated and managed to a certain extent. After the onset, diabetes cannot be reversed. Its global expansion makes it challenging for governments to control the considerable costs of treating people with diabetes. Many studies have been carried out by widely recognized pharmaceutical companies that are considering the development of new drugs for diabetic treatments. Diets, sedentary habits, and lifestyles that are currently prevalent have an enormous influence on the global spread of diabetes. The tools available to clinicians for therapy do not solve the problem. It is known that a patient, when diagnosed, would already have had diabetes for more than three years. Studies on diabetes signaling consider the effects of hyperglycemia but also highlight the roles of insulin receptor activation and resistance. Understanding the intricate signaling network and its interactions with hyperglycemiainduced pathways is crucial. In this context, the cyclic AMP/AMPK axis emerges as a promising therapeutic target for diabetes. However, there is a noticeable lack of literature exploring the metabolic network induced by hyperglycemia and its interconnected pathways. Therefore, investigating the cyclic cAMP/AMPK axis could provide valuable insights, given its complex connections with various metabolic pathways. This mini-review aims to delve into the metabolic signaling of the AMPK/cAMP axis in the context of diabetes, highlighting its metabolic interactions and potential implications.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): An Overview of Genetic and Metabolic Signaling Mechanisms.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, progressive, and incurable disease. Sporadic (sALS) accounts for ninety percent of ALS cases, while familial ALS (fALS) accounts for around fifteen percent. Reports have identified over 30 different forms of familial ALS. Multiple types of fALS exhibit comparable symptoms with mutations in different genes and possibly with different predominant metabolic signals. Clinical diagnosis takes into account patient history but not genetic mutations, misfolded proteins, or metabolic signaling. As research on genetics and metabolic pathways advances, it is expected that the intricate complexity of ALS will compound further. Clinicians discuss whether a gene's presence is a cause of the disease or just an association or consequence. They believe that a mutant gene alone is insufficient to diagnose ALS. ALS, often perceived as a single disease, appears to be a complex collection of diseases with similar symptoms. This review highlights gene mutations, metabolic pathways, and muscle-neuron interactions.

Effect of combined red and infrared wavelengths on inflammation, hemorrhage, and muscle damage caused by Bothrops leucurus snake venom.

To evaluate the effects of red and infrared wavelengths, separately and combined, on the inflammatory process and collagen deposition in muscle damage caused by B. leucurus venom. 112 mice were inoculated with diluted venom (0.6mg/kg) in the gastrocnemius muscle. The animals were divided into four groups: one control (CG) and three treatments, namely: 1) red laser (λ=660 nm) (RG), 2) infrared laser (λ=808 nm) (IG) and 3) red laser (λ=660 nm) + infrared (λ=808 nm) (RIG). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, according to the duration of treatment application (applications every 24 hours over evaluation times of up to 144 hours). A diode laser was used (0.1 W, CW, 1J/point, ED: 10 J/cm2). Both wavelengths reduced the intensity of inflammation and the combination between them significantly intensified the anti-inflammatory response. Photobiomodulation also changed the type of inflammatory infiltrate observed and RIG had the highest percentage of mononuclear cells in relation to the other groups. Hemorrhage intensity was significantly lower in treated animals and RIG had the highest number of individuals in which this variable was classified as mild. As for collagen deposition, there was a significant increase in RG in relation to CG, in RIG in relation to CG and in RIG in relation to IG. Photobiomodulation proved to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and hemorrhage caused by B. leucurus venom and stimulated collagen deposition. Better results were obtained with the combined wavelengths.

Daytime Functional Usage Versus Night-Time Wearing: Identifying the Optimal Wearing Regimen for a Custom-Made Orthosis in the Treatment of Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the functional (daytime) use to the nightly use of an orthosis for patients affected by trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Randomized, controlled single-blind trial. SETTING: The rheumatology outpatient clinic of the University. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty participants diagnosed with trapeziometacarpal OA. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups: a functional group that used a functional hand-based thumb immobilization orthosis during activities of daily living and a night-time group that used the same orthosis at night. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The patients were evaluated at baseline and after 45, 90, 180, and 360 days considering: pain at the base of the thumb and in the hand, range of motion of the thumb, grip, and pinch strength, manual dexterity, and hand function. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous at the beginning of the trial. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups over time for trapeziometacarpal pain (P=.646). For general hand pain, no statistically significant difference was found between groups over time (P=.594). Although both groups improved from baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the vast majority of the assessed parameters. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found only in the following outcomes: thumb palmar abduction of the right hand (P=.023), pick-up test with closed eyes of the right hand (P=.048), and tripod grip strength of the right hand (P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: Both groups showed improvement in pain and function from baseline to the end of the intervention. However, there were no reported differences in these outcomes after a 1-year follow-up between the functional (daytime) and night-time use of orthosis in patients with trapeziometacarpal OA. This suggests that both types of usage can be offered to patients.

Motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care: phenomenological study.

Objective: Understand the motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care. Methods: A qualitative study developed in the light of Alfred Schütz's Theoretical Framework of Phenomenological Sociology, in which 25 pregnant women using psychoactive substances, belonging to a Family Health Strategy, participated. Data production took place between August and November 2022. Results: Two units of meanings emerged: (i) social influences for the performance of prenatal care and (ii) expectation regarding the care to be received by the health professional. Pregnant women do pre-natal due to family influences, for fear of losing their children due to loss of guardianship and concern about the well-being and development of the baby. And, the expectations are that they receive good attention, feel safe when they are attended to by health professionals and also that they are understood and have a relationship of trust. Conclusion: Pregnant women who use psychoactive substances bring motivations for prenatal care linked to the past, such as influences from family members and previous experiences. As for expectations, they are related to the child's health and the care expected by professionals. Finally, strategies to reduce harm during pregnancy of users of psychoactive substances are fundamental for the effectiveness of care.

Motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care: a phenomenological study / Motivaciones y expectativas de las gestantes consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas durante la atención prenatal: un estudio fenomenológico / Motivações e expectativas do pré-natal de gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas: estudo fenomenológico

Objective. Understand the motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care. Methods. A qualitative study developed in the light of Alfred Schütz's Theoretical Framework of Phenomenological Sociology, in which 25 pregnant women using psychoactive substances, belonging to a Family Health Strategy, participated. Data production took place between August and November 2022.Results. Two units of meanings emerged: (i) social influences for the performance of prenatal care and (ii) expectation regarding the care to be received by the health professional. Pregnant women do pre-natal due to family influences, for fear of losing their children due to loss of guardianship and concern about the well-being and development of the baby. And, the expectations are that they receive good attention, feel safe when they are attended to by health professionals and also that they are understood and have a relationship of trust. Conclusion. Pregnant women who use psychoactive substances bring motivations for prenatal care linked to the past, such as influences from family members and previous experiences. As for expectations, they are related to the child's health and the care expected by professionals. Finally, strategies to reduce harm during pregnancy of users of psychoactive substances are fundamental for the effectiveness of care.

Objetivo. Conocer las motivaciones y expectativas de las gestantes consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas durante la atención prenatal. Método. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en el marco teórico de la sociología fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz, en el que participaron 25 gestantes consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas pertenecientes a una Estrategia de Salud Familiar de una unidad de salud en Brasil. Los datos se recogieron entre agosto y noviembre de 2022. Resultados. Emergieron dos unidades de significado: (i) influencias sociales para la atención prenatal y (ii) expectativas sobre la atención recibida por el profesional de salud. Las gestantes acuden al control prenatal por influencias familiares, miedo a separarse de sus hijos por pérdida de la tutela y preocupación por el bienestar y desarrollo del bebé. Sus expectativas son recibir una buena atención, sentirse seguras con los profesionales sanitarios y ser comprendidas y escuchadas a través de una relación de confianza. Conclusión. Las embarazadas usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas tienen motivaciones para el cuidado prenatal relacionadas con su pasado, como influencias familiares y experiencias individuales previas. En cuanto a las expectativas, están relacionadas con la salud del niño y los cuidados esperados que les brindarán los profesionales de salud. Por último, el diseño de estrategias para reducir los daños durante el embarazo de las consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas es fundamental para un cuidado eficaz.

Objetivo. Compreender as motivações e expectativas de gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas durante a realização do pré-natal. Métodos. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida à luz do referencial Teórico da Sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz, em que participaram 25 gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas, pertencentes a uma Estratégia Saúde da Família. A produção de dados ocorreu entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2022.Resultados. Emergiram duas unidades de significados: (i) influências sociais para a realização do pré-natal e (ii) expectativa em relação ao cuidado a ser recebido pelo profissional de saúde. As gestantes realizam o pré-natal por influências de familiares, por receio de afastamento dos filhos decorrente de perda da tutela e pela preocupação com o bem-estar e desenvolvimento do bebê. E, as expectativas é de que recebam um bom atendimento, sintam segurança nos profissionais de saúde e que sejam compreendidas e ouvidas por meio de uma relação de confiança. Conclusão. As gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas trazem motivações para a realização do pré-natal atreladas ao passado, como influências de familiares e experiências prévias. Quanto as expectativas, estão relacionadas à saúde da criança e o cuidado esperado pelos profissionais. Por fim, as estratégias para reduzir danos durante a gestação de usuárias de substâncias psicoativas é fundamental para a efetividade do cuidado.

Abundance of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) vectors in Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in Brazil.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonoses caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of previously infected phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae). In Brazil, 2 types of leishmaniasis are endemic, tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biospere Reserve (ERBR), 5 autochthonous cases of TL, and one autochthonous case of VL were reported from 2017 to 2022. Owing to the lack of data on entomological fauna, we surveyed the occurrence and distribution of phlebotomine sandflies that could act as Leishmania vectors, as well as natural Leishmania infection. During 1 year, 918 sandfly specimens belonging to 12 species were collected. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (32.0%), a proven VL agent, followed by Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936) (20.7%), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923) (17.0%), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (12.2%), and Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (10.5%), all putative or proven TL agents. Seasonal fluctuations and endo-exophilic behavior were delineated for the main phlebotomine sandflies. The population of Lu. longipalpis was higher during the coolest and driest months, although different profiles were noted for the other species. Natural Leishmania infection was not detected in any of the 197 phlebotomine sandfly females analyzed. The results were compared with those previously obtained in other municipalities belonging to the ERBR. The presence of Leishmania vectors and human cases of leishmaniasis indicate a risk of Leishmania transmission in the region.

Molecular and Clinical Insights in the Increasing Detection of BCR::ABL1 p190+ in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm marked by abnormal clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells, displaying karyotypic aberrations and genetic mutations as prognostic indicators. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European LeukemiaNet guidelines categorize BCR::ABL1 p190+ AML as high risk. This study explored the identification of the increased incidence of BCR::ABL1 p190+ in our AML population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 96 AML patients stratified according to WHO guidelines. Subsequently, patients were screened for genetic abnormalities, such as BCR::ABL1 p 190+, PML::RARA, RUNX1::RUNX1T1, and CBFB::MYH11 by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. RESULTS: Among 96 AML patients, 36 displayed BCR::ABL1 p190+, overcoming the expected global incidence. Age variations (19 to 78 years) showed no significant laboratory differences between BCR::ABL1 p190+ and non-BCR::ABL p190+ cases. The overall survival analysis revealed no statistically significant differences among the patients (p=0.786). CONCLUSION: The analyzed population presented a higher frequency of BCR::ABL1 p190+ detection in adult AML patients when compared to what is described in the worldwide literature. Therefore, more studies are needed to establish the reason why this incidence is higher and what the best treatment approach should be in these cases.

Association of CD38+ Immunophenotyping Biomarker With a Better Prognosis in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The relevance of cytogenetic markers as prognostic risk factors has been demonstrated in a vast number of studies, with many prognostication tools utilizing these factors to determine treatment approaches. Patients aged above 60 years represent an important subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, especially because they usually exhibit a poorer cytogenetic landscape and are less suitable for intensive treatments. The importance of evaluating prognostic parameters in AML, especially in low-income countries, prompted an investigation into CD38 expression and its effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of AML patients aged above 60 years from three hospitals in Brazil's northwest region were analyzed. A total of 67 patients were evaluated in terms of overall survival and factors predicting worse outcomes. The risk stratification was performed based on the European LeukemiaNet 2022 guidelines. The analysis of immunophenotyping markers was conducted using multi-parametric flow cytometry. RESULTS: The overall survival of CD38-positive AML patients was higher than that of patients with CD38-negative AML, with survival rates of 15.6 months versus 4 months, respectively (p-value=0.026). The impact of CD38 positivity was relevant also in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, demonstrating a positive effect on overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 0.33 (95%CI=0.13-0.79; p-value=0.014). CONCLUSION: Expression of CD38 in patients with AML was associated with better overall survival and serves as a relevant predictor of improved outcome in patients aged above 60 years.

First large-scale study reveals important losses of managed honey bee and stingless bee colonies in Latin America.

Over the last quarter century, increasing honey bee colony losses motivated standardized large-scale surveys of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera), particularly in Europe and the United States. Here we present the first large-scale standardized survey of colony losses of managed honey bees and stingless bees across Latin America. Overall, 1736 beekeepers and 165 meliponiculturists participated in the 2-year survey (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). On average, 30.4% of honey bee colonies and 39.6% of stingless bee colonies were lost per year across the region. Summer losses were higher than winter losses in stingless bees (30.9% and 22.2%, respectively) but not in honey bees (18.8% and 20.6%, respectively). Colony loss increased with operation size during the summer in both honey bees and stingless bees and decreased with operation size during the winter in stingless bees. Furthermore, losses differed significantly between countries and across years for both beekeepers and meliponiculturists. Overall, winter losses of honey bee colonies in Latin America (20.6%) position this region between Europe (12.5%) and the United States (40.4%). These results highlight the magnitude of bee colony losses occurring in the region and suggest difficulties in maintaining overall colony health and economic survival for beekeepers and meliponiculturists.

Cuidado ás pessoas com agravos endocrinos e metabólicos / Care for people with endocrine and metabolic problems

O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever a sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem a pessoas com agravos endócrinos e metabólicos pautado na teoria de Calista Roy. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência através da aplicação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), voltado para pessoas com agravos endócrinos e metabólicos no contexto hospitalar. Resultados e discussão: Foi aplicado a teoria da adaptação nas seis fases da Teoria de Calista Roy e foi elaborado diagnósticos de enfermagem para os quatro modos de adaptação: fisiológico, interdependência, autoconceito e função de papel. Considerações finais: Ao aplicar a SAE no indivíduo com agravos endócrinos e metabólicos a enfermeira deve realizá-lo em todas as suas etapas, e utilizar os protocolos para oferecer um cuidado holístico e integral, visando a promoção da saúde, prevenção de risco potencial e adaptação diante das necessidades em saúde.(AU)

The aim of this study is to describe the systematization of nursing care for people with endocrine and metabolic disorders, based on Calista Roy's theory. Methodology: This is an experience report on the application of the Systematization of Nursing Care (SNC) to people with endocrine and metabolic disorders in a hospital setting. Results and discussion: The theory of adaptation was applied in the six phases of Calista Roy's theory and nursing diagnoses were drawn up for the four modes of adaptation: physiological, interdependence, self-concept and role function. Final considerations: When applying the SNC to individuals with endocrine and metabolic disorders, the nurse must carry it out in all its stages, and use the protocols to offer holistic and comprehensive care, aimed at promoting health, preventing potential risks and adapting to health needs.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es describir la sistematización de los cuidados de enfermería a personas con trastornos endocrinos y metabólicos, basándose en la teoría de Calista Roy. Metodología: Se trata de un informe de experiencia sobre la aplicación de la Sistematización de los Cuidados de Enfermería (SNC) a personas con trastornos endocrinos y metabólicos en un entorno hospitalario. Resultados y discusión: Se aplicó la teoría de la adaptación en las seis fases de la teoría de Calista Roy y se elaboraron diagnósticos de enfermería para los cuatro modos de adaptación: fisiológica, interdependencia, autoconcepto y función de rol. Consideraciones finales: Al aplicar el SNC a individuos con trastornos endocrinos y metabólicos, la enfermera debe llevarlo a cabo en todas sus fases, y utilizar los protocolos para ofrecer cuidados holísticos e integrales, dirigidos a promover la salud, prevenir riesgos potenciales y adaptarse a las necesidades de salud.(AU)

Pé diabético: o cuidado de enfermeiras / Diabetic foot: nurses' care / Pie diabético: cuidados de enfermeira

Objetivo: Descrever o cuidado para prevenção do pé diabético realizado por enfermeiras. Método:revisão integrativa da literatura a partir do levantamento realizado em janeiro de 2024 através da biblioteca virtual da PubMed. Foram incluídos artigos nos idiomas inglês e português, artigos originais relacionados ao tema e disponíveis na íntegra com acesso gratuito, publicados entre os anos de 2012 até o ano de 2024. Como critérios de exclusão: artigos que não atendam o objeto de estudo, duplicados, teses, livros, revisões e artigos não originais.Resultados:O levantamento resultou na seleção de 15 artigos que evidenciaram que o cuidado para prevenção do pé diabético se desenvolvem a partir da atuação do enfermeiro, e por meio da aplicação de cuidados, como avaliação do paciente, educação em saúde para os pacientes e a educação permanente para os profissionais de saúde, controle glicêmico, verificação do Índice tibial braquial-ITB para diagnóstico de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP), uso de termometria cutânea ou imagem infravermelha, criação de software e exames laboratoriais. Conclusão:O estudo poderá contribuir para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes diabéticos através do conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca dos cuidados elencados para melhor atender aos pacientes bem como contribuir com a diminuição de casos de úlceras em pé diabético.

Objective: To describe the care to prevent diabetic foot provided by nurses. Method:integrative literature review based on the survey carried out in January 2024 through the PubMed virtual library. Articles in English and Portuguese were included, original articles related to the topic and available in full with free access, published between 2012 and 2024. Exclusion criteria were: articles that do not meet the object of study, duplicates, theses, books, reviews and non-original articles. Results:The survey resultedin the selection of 15 articles that showed that care to prevent diabetic foot develops from the role of nurses, and through the application of care, such as patient assessment, health education for patients and continuing education for health professionals, glycemic control, verification of the brachial tibial index-ABI for diagnosing peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD), use of skin thermometry or infrared imaging, creation of software and laboratory tests. Conclusion:The study may contribute to improving the quality of life of diabetic patients through the knowledge of nursing professionals about the care provided to better serve patients as well as contributing to the reduction of cases of diabetic foot ulcers.

Objetivo: Describir los cuidados para la prevención del pie diabético brindados por enfermeras. Método:revisión integrativa de la literatura a partir de la encuesta realizada en enero de 2024 a través de la biblioteca virtual PubMed. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y portugués, artículos originales relacionados con el tema y disponibles íntegramente con acceso gratuito, publicados entre 2012 y 2024. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: artículos que no cumplan con el objeto de estudio, duplicados, tesis, libros, reseñas y artículos no originales. Resultados:La encuesta resultó en la selección de 15 artículos que mostraron que los cuidados para prevenir el pie diabético se desarrollan desde el rol del enfermero, y a través de la aplicación de cuidados, como la evaluación del paciente, la educación en salud de los pacientes y la educación continua de los profesionales de la salud, la glucemia. control, verificación del índice braquial tibial-ITB para el diagnóstico de enfermedad arterial obstructiva periférica (EAP), uso de termometría cutánea o imágenes infrarrojas, creación de software y pruebas de laboratorio. Conclusión:El estudio puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes diabéticos a través del conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre los cuidados brindados para atender mejor a los pacientes, así como contribuir a la reducción de casos de úlceras del pie diabético.

Sistematização do preparo a alta à pessoa adulta com agravos clínicos e cirúrgicos / Systematization of discharge preparation for adults with clinical and surgical problems

Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever a sistematização do preparo a alta à pessoa adulta com agravos clínicos e cirúrgicos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência através da aplicação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), voltado para pessoas com alta no contexto hospitalar. Resultados e discussão: Foi aplicado a teoria da adaptação nas seis fases da Teoria de Calista Roy e foi elaborado diagnósticos de enfermagem para os quatro modos de adaptação: fisiológico, interdependência, autoconceito e função de papel. Considerações finais: Ao aplicar a SAE no indivíduo com alta hospitalar a equipe multidisciplinar deve realizá-lo em todas as suas etapas, e utilizar os protocolos para oferecer um cuidado holístico e integral, visando a promoção da saúde, prevenção de risco potencial e adaptação diante das necessidades em saúde.(AU)

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the systematization of discharge preparation for adults with clinical and surgical conditions. Methodology: This is an experience report on the application of the Systematization of Nursing Care (SNC) to people being discharged from hospital. Results and discussion: The theory of adaptation was applied in the six phases of Calista Roy's theory and nursing diagnoses were drawn up for the four modes of adaptation: physiological, interdependence, self-concept and role function. Final considerations: When applying the SNC to individuals discharged from hospital, the multidisciplinary team must carry it out in all its stages, and use the protocols to offer holistic and comprehensive care, with a view to promoting health, preventing potential risks and adapting to health needs.(AU)

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es describir la sistematización de la preparación al alta de adultos con patologías clínicas y quirúrgicas. Metodología: Se trata de un informe de experiencia sobre la aplicación de la Sistematización de los Cuidados de Enfermería (SNC) a personas en proceso de alta hospitalaria. Resultados y discusión: Se aplicó la teoría de la adaptación en las seis fases de la teoría de Calista Roy y se elaboraron diagnósticos de enfermería para los cuatro modos de adaptación: fisiológica, interdependencia, autoconcepto y función de rol. Consideraciones finales: Al aplicar el SNC a las personas con alta hospitalaria, el equipo multidisciplinar debe llevarlo a cabo en todas sus fases, y utilizar los protocolos para ofrecer una atención holística e integral, dirigida a la promoción de la salud, la prevención de riesgos potenciales y la adaptación a las necesidades de salud.(AU)

Epidemiological and Genomic Analysis of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections during the Delta and Omicron Epidemic Waves in São Paulo City, Brazil.

We examined the asymptomatic rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta and Omicron waves in the city of São Paulo. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at strategic points of the city (open-air markets, bus terminals, airports) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing. Applying the questionnaire, the symptomatic individuals were excluded, and only asymptomatic cases were analyzed. During the Delta wave, a total of 4315 samples were collected, whereas 2372 samples were collected during the first Omicron wave. The incidence of the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.6% during the Delta wave and 0.8% during the Omicron wave. No statistical differences were found in the threshold amplification cycle. However, there was a statistical difference observed in the sublineage distribution between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Our study determined the incidence of asymptomatic infection by monitoring individuals who remained symptom-free, thereby providing a reliable evaluation of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriage. Our findings reveal a relatively low proportion of asymptomatic cases, which could be attributed to our rigorous monitoring protocol for the presence of clinical symptoms. Investigating asymptomatic infection rates is crucial to develop and implement effective disease control strategies.

Autoexpressão: efeitos da escuta no cuidado em saúde mental na atenção básica em saúde / Self expression: effects of listening in mental health at basic health care / Autoexpresión: efectos de escuchar en el cuidado de salud mental en la Atención Básica de Salud

Esta pesquisa busca compreender a relação do expressar-se com o cuidado em saúde mental dos usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) de um município no Rio Grande do Sul. Como pesquisa qualitativa, os dados foram coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas. A amostra inicial foi de dez participantes que compareceram a cinco atendimentos psicológicos feitos semanalmente pela estagiária de psicologia, sendo que sete deles permaneceram até o fim devido às faltas aos atendimentos associadas ao tempo reduzido para a realização da coleta de dados. Os resultados indicaram o acompanhamento psicológico como um espaço de escuta associado à livre expressão, proporcionando significados aos usuários, como: percepção de mudanças em seus sentimentos, pensamentos e comportamento, além das dificuldades e melhorias durante o processo. Estes dados trazem um novo significado atribuído pelos usuários sobre a realização dos atendimentos psicológicos, o autoconhecimento, descentralizando a ideia de busca pelo cuidado apenas quando há adoecimento. (AU)

This research aims to understand the relation between self-expression and the mental health care of users from a Basic Health Unit (BHU) located in a city of Rio Grande do Sul. As a qualitative research, the data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The initial sample consisted of ten users that had participated in five psychological consultations done by the psychology intern. However, due to the reduced time for data collection, associated to the absences of some participants, the final number of seven users was reached. The results indicated the psychological follow-up as a listening place, associated with freedom of speech, providing meanings such as: perception of changes in their feelings, thoughts and behavior. Besides that, the difficulties and improvements during the process were also related. These data show the new meanings reported by users aboutgoing to psychological follow-up, like the self-knowledge, decentralizing the idea of seeking mental care only when there is illness. (AU)

Esta investigación busca comprender la relación entre la expresión de sí mismo y la atención a la salud mental de usuarios de una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) de un municipio de Rio Grande do Sul. Como investigación cualitativa, los datos fueron colectadosen entrevistas semiestructuradas. La muestra inicial fue compuesta por diez participantes que asistieron a cinco sesiones de terapia hechas por estudiantes de psicología semanalmente, siete de los cuales permanecieron hasta el final por faltas a citas asociadas a la reducción del tiempo de recogida de datos. Los resultados indicaron apoyo psicológico como momento de escucha asociado a la libre expresión, ofreciendo habilidades a los usuarios como: percepción de cambios en sus sentimientos, pensamientos y comportamiento, además de dificultades y mejoras durante el proceso. Estos datos dan nuevo significado atribuido por los usuarios a la prestación de atención psicológica, el autoconocimiento, desconcentrando la idea de buscar atención sólo cuando hay una enfermedad. (AU)

Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety.

Leishmaniasis is a dynamic disease in which transmission conditions change due to environmental and human behavioral factors. Epidemiological analyses have shown modifications in the spread profile and growing urbanization of the disease, justifying the expansion of endemic areas and increasing number of cases in dogs and humans. In the city of Belo Horizonte, located in the southeastern state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic, with a typical urban transmission pattern, but with different regional prevalence. This study was conducted at the Zoo of the Foundation of Municipal Parks and Zoobotany of Belo Horizonte (FPMZB-BH), located in the Pampulha region, which is among the areas most severely affected by VL. This study aimed to determine the taxonomic diversity of native phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), identify climatic variables that potentially affect the phenology of these insects, and determine the blood meal sources for female phlebotomine sand flies. To achieve this, 10 mammal enclosures in the zoo were selected using the presence of possible leishmaniasis reservoirs as a selection criterion, and sampled using light traps between August 2019 and August 2021. A total of 6034 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, indicating nine species, with Lutzomyia longipalpis being the very abundant species (65.35% of the total). Of the 108 engorged phlebotomine collected females, seven samples (6.5%) were positive for blood meals from humans, marsupials, canids, and birds. Relative humidity and rainfall increased the phenology of phlebotomine sand flies, with population increases in the hottest and wettest months. The data obtained will provide guidelines for competent health agencies to implement vector control measures to reduce the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in the FPMZB-BH.

Antifungal activity of sustainable histone deacetylase inhibitors against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. and Cryptococcusneoformans.

The limited therapeutic options for fungal infections and the increased incidence of fungal strains resistant to antifungal drugs, especially Candida spp., require the development of new antifungal drugs and strategies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), like vorinostat, have been studied in cancer treatment and have antifungal effects, acting alone or synergistically with classical antifungals. Here we investigated the antifungal activity of two novel sustainable HDACi (LDT compounds) based on vorinostat structure. Molecular docking simulation studies reveal that LDT compounds can bind to Class-I HDACs of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans, which showed similar binding mode to vorinostat. LDT compounds showed moderate activity when tested alone against fungi but act synergistically with antifungal azoles against Candida spp. They reduced biofilm formation by more than 50% in C. albicans (4 µg/mL), with the main action in fungal filamentation. Cytotoxicity of the LDT compounds against RAW264.7 cells was evaluated and LDT536 demonstrated cytotoxicity only at the concentration of 200 µmol/L, while LDT537 showed IC50 values of 29.12 µmol/L. Our data indicated that these sustainable and inexpensive HDACi have potential antifungal and antibiofilm activities, with better results than vorinostat, although further studies are necessary to better understand the mechanism against fungal cells.

Fungal infections are neglected diseases that affect more than a billion people worldwide. Some histone deacetylase inhibitors can act against fungal cells. Our data reveal that HDACi LDT536 and LDT537 have potential antibiofilm and antifungal activities.

Effectiveness of visceral fascial therapy targeting visceral dysfunctions outcome: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Fascial Therapy is an ancient and widespread practice throughout the world. These approaches are very common in osteopathic practice and taught in workshops for professionals from different areas of health care, including Physiotherapy. This type of treatment is quite specialized and centered on the therapist. However, there is a lack of high-quality and low-risk bias studies that justify the use of this practice. Despite this, there is little scientific evidence about the effectiveness of Fascial Therapy to treat some visceral disorders. The purpose of this study was to critically appraise the scientific literature concerning the clinical efficacy of techniques used in Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system. METHODS: This systematic review included randomized controlled trials in any language or date of publication. All primary outcomes reported were included. The methodological quality and statistical reporting of each eligible trial were evaluated using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). This systematic review provided a synthesis of current evidence on the effects of Fascial Therapy in patients with visceral disorders and/or pain. A total of 11 studies were included, with five of them covering gastrointestinal dysfunction, two covering cardiorespiratory dysfunction, two covering musculoskeletal dysfunction, and two covering urogenital dysfunction. RESULTS: Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system has been shown to be effective in reducing pain over the long term in people with low back pain when combined with standard physical therapy and effective in reducing gastroesophageal reflux symptoms over the short term. Considering the overall bias, six studies were at high risk of bias, two studies had some concerns and only three studies were at low risk of bias. Of the three studies with a low risk of bias, only two showed positive results and were effective in improving the studied outcome. CONCLUSION: This systematic review shows that currently, there is poor evidence for the efficacy of the techniques used in Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system, and this information can help healthcare professionals in decision-making related to the use of Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system in patients with visceral disorders and/or pain.