Influence of Monochromatic Light during Incubation on the Production and Metabolism of Low-Temperature Broiler Chicks.

The use of artificial lighting during the incubation phase is a tool that has been studied with the aim of increasing the production rates and hatchability. Using this, this study aims to investigate the effects of the luminous incidence of white and red monochromatic light on the production and metabolism of broiler chicks subjected to low temperatures. A total of 315 eggs of Ross 708 heavy breeders were used. The eggs were distributed randomly, with 35 eggs per tray, totaling 105 eggs per incubator. The treatments were the following: incubation without the use of light; the use of white monochromatic light; and the use of red monochromatic light. The lamps used were of the LED type. The samples were distributed in the factorial completely randomized experimental design with position effect on the tray. Candling, egg weighing, calculating the probability of survival and egg weight loss were performed. Temperatures were recorded using a thermographic camera. At birth, three chicks per tray were euthanized for evaluation: weight with and without yolk residue, gastrointestinal tract biometry, and blood and liver biochemistry. Analyses were performed using the R computational program. It was observed that there was a significant effect of the treatments on the levels of calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, amylase, glucose, urea and glutamate pyruvate transaminase on the biochemical profile of the blood and on the thermographic temperatures of the eggs; the experiment was kept at low temperatures resulting in thermal stress, with an average temperature of 34.5 °C. Therefore, the use of red and white monochromatic light in the artificial incubation process for brown-colored eggs is not recommended, because in the post-hatching phase, it promoted the metabolism dysregulation on the blood biochemical profile to control the differentiation in the wavelength of traditional incubation.

Effects of athletic tape on orofacial pain and jaw movements after 24 hours of use: a randomized clinical trial. / Efeitos da bandagem elástica na dor orofacial e nos movimentos mandibulares após 24 horas de uso: ensaio clínico randomizado.

PURPOSE: To analyze the sensation of pain and the range of mandibular movements of adult individuals with temporomandibular disorder, before and after the application of the athletic tape. METHOD: This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, in which 22 adults with temporomandibular disorder participated, randomly allocated into two groups, with group A comprising 10 women and one man (mean age 28.2±8.3 years) and group B comprising nine women and two men (mean age 26.2±3.9 years). Group A was submitted to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter with 40% stretch and the group B to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter without stretching. All participants underwent the application of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Pain threshold assessment was performed using an algometer to apply pressure to measurement points. The measurement of mandibular movements was performed using a caliper. The athletic tape was glued using the I technique, with a fixed point over the insertion and a movable point over the origin of the masseter muscle. Participants remained with the athletic tape for 24 hours and were re-evaluated. RESULTS: There was pain relief in the group A in the temporomandibular joint on the right and at the origin of the masseter on the left. The group B showed a reduction in pain in the left anterior temporal region. No differences were found in mandibular movements after intervention, as well as no difference was found in the comparison by groups. CONCLUSION: The use of the athletic tape over the masseter muscle, with stretching, for 24 hours produced relief from the sensation of pain, on the origin of the right masseter and in the right temporomandibular joint, and, without stretching, in the left anterior temporal muscle. There was no difference in the range of mandibular movements.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a sensação de dor e amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares de indivíduos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, antes e após aplicação da bandagem elástica por 24 horas. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego, do qual participaram 22 sujeitos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos, sendo grupo A composto por 10 mulheres e um homem (média de idade de 28,2±8,3 anos) e grupo B por nove mulheres e dois homens (média de idade de 26,2±3,9 anos). Todos os participantes foram submetidos à aplicação do Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Foi realizada a avaliação do limiar da dor, com uso de um algômetro, para aplicação da pressão no masseter e temporal e medição dos movimentos mandibulares, com paquímetro. O grupo A foi submetido à aplicação da bandagem sobre o músculo masseter com estiramento de 40% e o grupo B sem estiramento. A colagem da bandagem foi realizada, com corte em "I", com ponto fixo sobre a inserção e ponto móvel sobre a origem do músculo masseter. Os participantes permaneceram com a bandagem por 24 horas e foram reavaliados. RESULTADOS: Houve alívio da dor no grupo A na articulação temporomandibular à direita e na origem do masseter à esquerda. O grupo B apresentou redução da dor em região de temporal anterior à esquerda. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos movimentos mandibulares após intervenção, bem como não houve diferença na comparação entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da bandagem sobre o masseter, por 24 horas, com estiramento, produziu alívio da dor na origem do masseter direito e na região da articulação temporomandibular direita e, sem estiramento, no temporal anterior esquerdo. Não houve diferença na amplitude de movimentos mandibulares.

Chemical composition of extracts and fractions from Miconia ibaguensis (MELASTOMATACEAE) leaves and evaluation of biological activities.

The study aimed to assess the chemical composition of Miconia ibaguensis leaves extracts and fractions obtained from the ethanolic extract (EE), along with evaluating their antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited potent antifungal activity against Candida spp (1.95 - 3.90 µg mL-1) and potent antioxidant activity in the DPPH (1.74 ± 0.07 µg mL-1), FRAP (654.01 ± 42.09 µmol ETrolox/gsample), and ORAC (3698.88 ± 37.28 µmol ETrolox/gsample) methods. The EE displayed inhibition against the α-amylase enzyme (8.42 ± 0.05 µg mL-1). Flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, triterpenoids, and phenolic acids, identified in the EE and fractions via (-)-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, were found to contribute to the species' biological activity potentially. These findings suggest promising avenues for further research and potential applications in pharmacology and natural products, offering new possibilities in the fight against global health issues.

Antimicrobial Use in Pig Farms in the Midwestern Region of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The use of antimicrobials in swine production is an issue that concerns the whole world due to their impact on animal and public health. This study aimed to verify the antimicrobial use in 29 commercial full-cycle farms in the midwestern region of the state of Minas Gerais, since this region is a hub of intensive pig farming in Brazil, as well as the possible correlations between the use of antimicrobials, biosecurity, and productivity. A total of 28 different drugs used for preventive purposes were described. On average, the herds used seven drugs, exposing the piglets for 116 days and totaling 434.17 mg of antimicrobials per kilogram of pig produced. Just eight active ingredients made up 77.5% of the total number of drugs used on the studied herds. Significant differences were found between the variables, biosecurity score and number of sows, antimicrobial amount and number of drugs, number of drugs and number of sows, and between productivity and biosecurity scores. The use of antimicrobials was considered excessive in the swine farms in the state of Minas Gerais compared to what was reported in Brazil and in other countries. Educational measures and better control should be proposed to reduce the preventive use of antimicrobials.

Fecal Shedding of Clostridioides difficile in Calves in Sao Paulo State, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the fecal shedding of C. difficile in calves on farms in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fecal samples (n=300) were collected from diarrheic (n=78) and nondiarrheic (n=222) calves less than 60 days of age from 20 farms. Fecal samples were inoculated into enrichment broth supplemented with taurocholate and cultured under anaerobic conditions. Colonies suspected to be C. difficile were harvested for DNA extraction and then multiplex PCR for the detection of genes encoding toxins A and B and binary toxins. All toxigenic isolates were ribotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and five selected strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to determine their sequence type. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: C. difficile was isolated from 29.3% (88/300) of the samples. All toxigenic isolates (17/88, 19.3%) were classified as ribotypes RT046 (13/17 -79.47%, A+B+ CDT-) and RT126 (4/17=20.53%, A+B+ CDT+). The sequenced strains from RT046 were classified as ST35 (Clade 1), while those from RT126 were classified as ST11 (Clade 5). No associations between the epidemiological factors in any of the groups and C. difficile isolation were observed. Most of the toxigenic isolates (16/17=94.41%) were classified as multidrug-resistant. Calves can be an important source of toxigenic C. difficile strains, including multidrug-resistant isolates from ribotypes commonly observed in humans.

Predicting ruminal degradability and chemical composition of corn silage using near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate regression.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate regression models to predict the chemical composition and ruminal degradation parameters of corn silage by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Ninety-four samples were used to develop and validate the models to predict corn silage composition. A subset of 23 samples was used to develop and validate models to predict ruminal degradation parameters of corn silage. Wet chemistry methods were used to determine the composition values and ruminal degradation parameters of the corn silage samples. The dried and ground samples had their NIR spectra scanned using a poliSPECNIR 900-1700 model NIR sprectrophotometer (ITPhotonics S.r.l, Breganze, IT.). The models were developed using regression by partial least squares (PLS), and the ordered predictor selection (OPS) method was used. In general, the regression models obtained to predict the corn silage composition (P>0.05), except the model for organic matter (OM), adequately estimated the studied properties. It was not possible to develop prediction models for the potentially degradable fraction in the rumen of OM and crude protein and the degradation rate of OM. The regression models that could be obtained to predict the ruminal degradation parameters showed correlation coefficient of calibration between 0.530 and 0.985. The regression models developed to predict CS composition accurately estimated the CS composition, except the model for OM. The NIR has potential to be used by nutritionists as a rapid prediction tool for ruminal degradation parameters in the field.

Early-life trauma, impulsivity and suicide attempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a worldwide health concern and up to date there is no good predictor of it except a previous suicide attempt. Therefore, there are increasing efforts in the understanding of which factors, genetic or environmental, are associated with suicide behaviour. OBJECTIVE: To review evidence of the effect of childhood trauma and impulsivity on suicidal behavior through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Searches were conducted on the 12th of June 2021 in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Two reviewers evaluated each record for eligibility and discussed upon disagreement, when no consensus was reached, a third reviewer was involved to make a decision. RESULTS: A total of 11,530 records were identified through the searches. After duplicates were removed, 6,595 records remained to be screened. The full text was sought for 1,561 records. Our qualitative synthesis included 22 studies, from which 9 were included in the meta-analyses. We found a significant effect of sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse and physical neglect on suicide attempts in the prisoners, and Substance Use Diorder (SUD) subgroups. Moreover, there was a significant effect of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) total score and emotional neglect dimension for all the subgroups. CONCLUSION: The present study has provided an overview of the state-of-the-art research on childhood trauma and impulsivity and their association with suicidal behavior and quantified their effects on suicide attempts. Hopefully this evidence will be considered in future research and harnessed for clinical gain in detection and treatment of suicide behaviour.

Sofrimento psíquico de trabalhadores de saúde mental em contexto pandêmico e os fatores associados: estudo transversal / Psychological distress of mental health workers in a pandemic context and associated factors: a cross-sectional study

OBJETIVO: Analisar o sofrimento psíquico de trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde mental em contexto pandêmico e identificar os fatores associados. MÉTODO: Pesquisa transversal, com 108 trabalhadores de quatro serviços de saúde mental de um município do interior paulista. Coleta de dados realizada on-line entre outubro e dezembro de 2020 por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e Escala Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e por regressão linear múltipla de mínimos quadrados ordinários, na intenção de analisar os fatores associados para a variação no escore da escala. RESULTADOS: Os trabalhadores apresentaram média elevada na escala SRQ-20 (15,07), o que indica grande sofrimento psíquico. Fazer acompanhamento psicológico e/ou psiquiátrico durante a pandemia de covid-19 esteve associado à minimização deste sofrimento, com redução de, em média, três dos sintomas avaliados pela escala. CONCLUSÃO: O acompanhamento em saúde mental para os trabalhadores no contexto pandêmico pode ser uma importante estratégia de enfrentamento associada à redução do sofrimento psíquico.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychological distress of mental health workers in a pandemic context and identify associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 workers from four mental health services in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. Data was collected online between October and December 2020 through a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression of ordinary least squares to analyze the factors associated with the variation in the scale score. RESULTS: The workers had a high average on the SRQ-20 scale (15.07), indicating significant psychological distress. Receiving psychological and/or psychiatric support during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with reducing this distress, with an average reduction of three symptoms assessed by the scale. CONCLUSION: Mental health support for workers in the pandemic context can be an important coping strategy associated with reducing psychological distress.

Sofrimento psíquico de trabalhadores de saúde mental em contexto pandêmico e os fatores associados: estudo transversal / Psychological distress of mental health workers in a pandemic context and associated factors: a cross-sectional study

OBJETIVO: Analisar o sofrimento psíquico de trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde mental em contexto pandêmico e identificar os fatores associados. MÉTODO: Pesquisa transversal, com 108 trabalhadores de quatro serviços de saúde mental de um município do interior paulista. Coleta de dados realizada on-line entre outubro e dezembro de 2020 por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e Escala Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e por regressão linear múltipla de mínimos quadrados ordinários, na intenção de analisar os fatores associados para a variação no escore da escala. RESULTADOS: Os trabalhadores apresentaram média elevada na escala SRQ-20 (15,07), o que indica grande sofrimento psíquico. Fazer acompanhamento psicológico e/ou psiquiátrico durante a pandemia de covid-19 esteve associado à minimização deste sofrimento, com redução de, em média, três dos sintomas avaliados pela escala. CONCLUSÃO: O acompanhamento em saúde mental para os trabalhadores no contexto pandêmico pode ser uma importante estratégia de enfrentamento associada à redução do sofrimento psíquico.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychological distress of mental health workers in a pandemic context and identify associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 workers from four mental health services in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. Data was collected online between October and December 2020 through a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression of ordinary least squares to analyze the factors associated with the variation in the scale score. RESULTS: The workers had a high average on the SRQ-20 scale (15.07), indicating significant psychological distress. Receiving psychological and/or psychiatric support during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with reducing this distress, with an average reduction of three symptoms assessed by the scale. CONCLUSION: Mental health support for workers in the pandemic context can be an important coping strategy associated with reducing psychological distress.

The Impact of Long Noncoding RNAs in Tissue Regeneration and Senescence.

Overcoming senescence with tissue engineering has a promising impact on multiple diseases. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies in which cellular senescence was inhibited through the up/downregulation of specific lncRNAs. This approach prevented senescence in the bones, joints, nervous system, heart, and blood vessels, with a potential impact on regeneration and the prevention of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, as well as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Senescence of the skin and liver could also be prevented through the regulation of cellular levels of specific lncRNAs, resulting in the rejuvenation of cells from these organs and their potential protection from disease. From these exciting achievements, which support tissue regeneration and are not restricted to stem cells, we propose lncRNA regulation through RNA or gene therapies as a prospective preventive and therapeutic approach against aging and multiple aging-related diseases.

Fluoxetine alters rat's milk properties causing impact on offspring's development.

Fluoxetine is an antidepressant used to treat several conditions including postpartum depression. This disease causes cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physical changes, negatively affecting the mother, child and family life. However, fluoxetine is excreted in breast milk, causing short and long-term effects on children who were exposed to the drug during lactation, so studies that seek to uncover the consequences of these effects are needed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine on the nutritional characteristics of milk and on growth and neurobehavioral development of the offspring on a rat model. Lactating rats were divided into 4 groups: control group and three experimental groups, which were treated with different doses of fluoxetine (1, 10 and 20 mg/kg) during the lactation. Dams body weight and milk properties were measured, as well as offspring's growth and physical and neurobehavioral development. Results showed that the use of fluoxetine during lactation decreased dam's body weight and alters milk's properties, leading to a decrease in offspring's growth until adulthood. Therefore, the use of fluoxetine during lactation needs to be cautiously evaluated, with the benefits to the mothers and the associated risk to the offspring carefully balance.

Efeitos da bandagem elástica na dor orofacial e nos movimentos mandibulares após 24 horas de uso: ensaio clínico randomizado / Effects of athletic tape on orofacial pain and jaw movements after 24 hours of use: a randomized clinical trial

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a sensação de dor e amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares de indivíduos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, antes e após aplicação da bandagem elástica por 24 horas. Método Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego, do qual participaram 22 sujeitos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos, sendo grupo A composto por 10 mulheres e um homem (média de idade de 28,2±8,3 anos) e grupo B por nove mulheres e dois homens (média de idade de 26,2±3,9 anos). Todos os participantes foram submetidos à aplicação do Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Foi realizada a avaliação do limiar da dor, com uso de um algômetro, para aplicação da pressão no masseter e temporal e medição dos movimentos mandibulares, com paquímetro. O grupo A foi submetido à aplicação da bandagem sobre o músculo masseter com estiramento de 40% e o grupo B sem estiramento. A colagem da bandagem foi realizada, com corte em "I", com ponto fixo sobre a inserção e ponto móvel sobre a origem do músculo masseter. Os participantes permaneceram com a bandagem por 24 horas e foram reavaliados. Resultados Houve alívio da dor no grupo A na articulação temporomandibular à direita e na origem do masseter à esquerda. O grupo B apresentou redução da dor em região de temporal anterior à esquerda. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos movimentos mandibulares após intervenção, bem como não houve diferença na comparação entre os grupos. Conclusão O uso da bandagem sobre o masseter, por 24 horas, com estiramento, produziu alívio da dor na origem do masseter direito e na região da articulação temporomandibular direita e, sem estiramento, no temporal anterior esquerdo. Não houve diferença na amplitude de movimentos mandibulares.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the sensation of pain and the range of mandibular movements of adult individuals with temporomandibular disorder, before and after the application of the athletic tape. Method This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, in which 22 adults with temporomandibular disorder participated, randomly allocated into two groups, with group A comprising 10 women and one man (mean age 28.2±8.3 years) and group B comprising nine women and two men (mean age 26.2±3.9 years). Group A was submitted to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter with 40% stretch and the group B to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter without stretching. All participants underwent the application of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Pain threshold assessment was performed using an algometer to apply pressure to measurement points. The measurement of mandibular movements was performed using a caliper. The athletic tape was glued using the I technique, with a fixed point over the insertion and a movable point over the origin of the masseter muscle. Participants remained with the athletic tape for 24 hours and were re-evaluated. Results There was pain relief in the group A in the temporomandibular joint on the right and at the origin of the masseter on the left. The group B showed a reduction in pain in the left anterior temporal region. No differences were found in mandibular movements after intervention, as well as no difference was found in the comparison by groups. Conclusion The use of the athletic tape over the masseter muscle, with stretching, for 24 hours produced relief from the sensation of pain, on the origin of the right masseter and in the right temporomandibular joint, and, without stretching, in the left anterior temporal muscle. There was no difference in the range of mandibular movements.

Intervenções de enfermagem para pessoas com dor crônica em paliação: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Intervenciones de enfermería para personas con dolor paliativo crónico: protocolo de revisión del alcance / Nursing interventions for people with chronic palliation pain: scoping review protocol

Objetivo: mapear intervenções de enfermagem no manuseio da dor crônica em adultos e idosos em cuidados paliativos. Método: trata-se de um protocolo de revisão de escopo, alicerçado nas diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute e nas recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols. Serão utilizadas cinco bases de dados: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHAL e National Grey Literature Collection, utilizando os descritores em saúde, a fim de responder a pergunta de pesquisa: "Quais intervenções de enfermagem são realizáveis no cuidado da dor crônica em indivíduos adultos e idosos em cuidados paliativos no campo da Enfermagem?" O processo de busca, identificação e avaliação será realizado por dois avaliadores independentes. Serão incluídos artigos nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, que atendiam ao objetivo. Os dados serão incluídos em uma planilha previamente construída e apresentados em tabelas, figuras e diagramas.

Objetivo: mapear las intervenciones de enfermería en el manejo del dolor crónico en adultos y adultos mayores en cuidados paliativos. Método: se trata de un protocolo de revisión exploratoria, basado en las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute y las recomendaciones de los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols. Se utilizarán cinco bases de datos: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL y National Grey Literature Collection, utilizando los descriptores de salud, con el fin de responder a la pregunta de investigación: "¿Qué intervenciones de enfermería son alcanzables en el cuidado del dolor crónico en adultos y ancianos en cuidados paliativos en el campo de la Enfermería?" El proceso de búsqueda, identificación y evaluación estará a cargo de dos evaluadores independientes. Se incluirán artículos en inglés, portugués y español, que cumplieron con el objetivo. Los datos se incluirán en una hoja de cálculo previamente construida y se presentarán en tablas, figuras y diagramas.

Objective: mapping nursing interventions in the management of chronic pain in adults and elderly in palliative care. Method: this is a scope review protocol, based on the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols. Five databases will be used: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and National Grey Literature Collection, using the descriptors in health, to answer the research question: "Which nursing interventions are feasible in the care of chronic pain in adults and elderly in palliative care in the field of Nursing?" The search, identification and evaluation process will be performed by two independent evaluators. Articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish will be included, which met the objective. The data will be included in a previously constructed spreadsheet and presented in tables, figures and diagrams.

Protocolos gerenciados por enfermeiros para identificação precoce da sepse: revisão de escopo / Nurse-managed protocols for early identification of sepsis: a scoping review / Protocolos administrados por enfermeros para la identificación temprana de la sepsis: revisión del alcance

Objetivo: mapear os protocolos assistenciais utilizados por enfermeiros para identificação precoce da sepse no ambiente hospitalar. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo ancorada nas recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute, desenvolvida em sete bases de dados. A busca e seleção ocorreu em 17 de julho de 2021, utilizando os descritores: sepse, protocolos de enfermagem, avaliação de enfermagem e cuidados de enfermagem. Resultados: a amostra foi composta de seis estudos, destacaram-se os protocolos implementados por projetos de melhoria de qualidade e utilização sistemas eletrônicos de alerta para deterioração clínica. Conclusão: protocolos assistenciais impulsionam a aderência dos profissionais às recomendações oficiais para o manejo da sepse no ambiente hospitalar e o desenvolvimento de cuidados de enfermagem baseados em evidências, contribuindo para melhorar os indicadores de qualidade e reduzir a mortalidade entre pacientes com sepse(AU)

Objective: to map the care protocols used by nurses for the early identification of sepsis in the hospital environment. Method: this is a scope review anchored in the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, developed in seven databases. The search and selection took place on July 17, 2021, using the descriptors: sepsis, nursing protocols, nursing assessment and nursing care. Results: the sample consisted of six studies, highlighting the protocols implemented by quality improvement projects and the use of electronic warning systems for clinical deterioration. Conclusion: care protocols boost professionals' adherence to official recommendations for the management of sepsis in the hospital environment and the development of evidence-based nursing care, contributing to improve quality indicators and reduce mortality among patients with sepsis(AU)

Objetivo: mapear los protocolos de atención utilizados por las enfermeras para identificar de forma temprana la sepsis en el ambiente hospitalario. Método: se trata de una revisión de alcance anclada en las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs, desarrollada en siete bases de datos. La búsqueda y selección se realizó el 17 de julio de 2021, utilizando los descriptores: sepsis, protocolos de enfermería, evaluación de enfermería y cuidados de enfermería. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por seis estudios, se destacaron los protocolos implementados por los proyectos de mejora de la calidad y utilización de sistemas electrónicos de alerta con respecto al deterioro clínico. Conclusión: los protocolos asistenciales impulsan la adherencia de los profesionales a las recomendaciones oficiales para el manejo de la sepsis en el ámbito hospitalario y el desarrollo de cuidados de enfermería basados en evidencias, contribuyendo a mejorar los indicadores de calidad y reducir la mortalidad entre los pacientes con sepsis(AU)

Infection after intramedullary nailing of femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures.

PURPOSE: Management of fracture-related infection (FRI) after intramedullary fixation (IF) is a challenge. The aim of the present study is to describe a series of 26 patients with FRI after IF and to evaluate factors possibly related to the outcome. METHODS: Baseline variables were obtained at the time of IF: age, sex, body mass index, affected bone, open fracture, substance abuse, use of an external fixator, type of nail, reaming, soft-tissue reconstruction and surveillance culture result. After diagnosis of the infection, information was obtained about the time interval between IF and diagnosis and classification according to both the Willeneger and Roth and Makridis systems. Treatment modalities were grouped and analysed according to: use of antimicrobials, surgical debridement, nail removal or retention and spacer use. Cultures of bone or deep soft tissues were performed. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and outcomes (remission, relapse, death and loss of follow-up) were evaluated, as well as fracture consolidation. RESULTS: Remission was observed in 42.3% of patients. There was no significant association between any baseline variable and outcome. There was a significant association between Makridis stage 2 classification and recurrence or death. Treatment strategy was not significantly associated with outcome, and 65.4% of cases had positive culture results, with Enterobacter cloacae as the predominant agent. Consolidation was observed in 81.8% of patients and was not significantly related to the outcome. CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between Makridis classification and the outcome. Consolidation rate was not associated with the outcome regarding the treatment of the infection.

Evaluating the Antischistosomal Activity of Dehydrodieugenol B and Its Methyl Ether Isolated from Nectandra leucantha-A Preclinical Study against Schistosoma mansoni Infection.

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease affecting nearly 250 million individuals globally, poses a significant health challenge. With praziquantel being the sole available treatment and its limited efficacy in early stage infections, the identification of novel bioactive compounds becomes imperative. This study examines the potential of dehydrodieugenol B (1) and its methyl ether (2), derived from the leaves of the Brazilian Nectandra leucantha plant (Lauraceae), in combatting Schistosoma mansoni infections through a preclinical approach. Initially, compound 1 displayed noteworthy in vitro antiparasitic activity with an EC50 of 31.9 µM, showcasing low toxicity in mammalian cells and an in vivo animal model (Caenorhabditis elegans). Conversely, compound 2 exhibited no activity. In silico predictions pointed to favorable oral bioavailability and the absence of PAINS similarities. Subsequently, a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg of compound 1 or praziquantel was administered to mice infected with adult (patent infection) or immature parasites (prepatent infection). Remarkably, in prepatent infections, 1 resulted in a significant reduction (approximately 50%) in both worm and egg burden, while praziquantel reduced worm and egg numbers by 30%. The superior efficacy of dehydrodieugenol B (1) compared to praziquantel in premature infections holds the potential to advance the development of new molecular prototypes for schistosomiasis treatment.

Exploring hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors among the human population in Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute clinical hepatitis worldwide and is emerging as a disease in Argentina. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated water and food, following the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, is a zoonotic disease with swine as the primary reservoir. Prevalence of HEV infection in humans in several regions of Argentina remains unknown. Objectives: (i) Determine the seroprevalence of HEV among the human population in Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (ii) Evaluate its association with demographic, socioeconomic and other risk exposures variables, and (iii) Describe and analyze spatial patterns related to HEV infection. Methods: From August 2020 to July 2021, serum samples were collected from 969 individuals aged 1-80 years. Seroprevalence and 95% Confidence Interval was determined. To assess the factors associated with the presence of anti-HEV antibodies, associations between the variables and seropositivity were evaluated through bivariate and multivariate analysis. Spatial scanning for clusters of positivity was carried out. Factors associated with these clusters were also assessed. Results: Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 4.64% (IC 95% 3.27-6.02) of samples. Dark urine was associated with seropositivity (p = 0.02). Seropositivity was linked with the presence of natural water courses near their households (p = 0.02); the age (p = 0.04); and previous travel to Europe (p = 0.04). A spatial cluster of low rates of HEV seropositivity was detected, with greater distance of the households to water courses associated to the cluster, and male sex inversely associated to it. Discussion and conclusion: This study is the first study to investigate the prevalence of HEV in the population from Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Considering HEV infection in the differential diagnosis in individuals presenting acute hepatitis is highlighted. The incorporation of HEV testing into blood screening policies should be mandatory. Factors related to the infection and spatial patterns of high and low risk were determined, and should be considered when implementing specific preventive measures.

Inhibition of the norA gene expression and the NorA efflux pump by the tannic acid.

The NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus is known to play a major role in the development of resistance against quinolone drugs by reducing their concentration inside target pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of tannic acid to inhibit the gene expression of the NorA efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus and to evaluate the in silico effect on the pump. Efflux pump inhibition was evaluated by fluorimetry. The checkerboard method evaluates the effect of the test substance in combination with an antimicrobial at different concentrations. To gene expression evaluation NorA the assay was performed using: a sub-inhibitory concentration preparation (MIC/4) of the antibiotic; a sub-inhibitory concentration preparation (MIC/4) of the antibiotic associated with tannic acid at a sub-inhibitory concentration (MIC/4). In this study, docking simulations were performed by the SWISSDOCK webserver. The ability of tannic acid to inhibit the NorA efflux pump can be related to both the ability to inhibit the gene expression of this protein, acting on signaling pathways involving the ArlRS membrane sensor. As well as acting directly through direct interaction with the NorA protein, as seen in the approach and in silico and in vitro per checkerboard method and fluorimetry of bromide accumulated in the cell.

Subtipos de Dislexia do Desenvolvimento Descritos no Português Brasileiro: Uma Revisão Integrativa / Developmental Dyslexia Subtypes Described in Brazilian Portuguese: An Integrative Review / Subtipos de Dislexia del Desarrollo Descritos en Portugués Brasileño: Una Revisión Integradora

A heterogeneidade na dislexia do desenvolvimento pode ser compreendida por meio dos subtipos de dislexia do desenvolvimento (SDD), porém não foram encontrados estudos que avaliassem a literatura brasileira sobre SDD. A presente revisão buscou responder quais SDD foram identificados no português brasileiro. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos, em inglês ou português, que descrevessem ao menos um SDD, bem como critérios diagnósticos, com participantes brasileiros. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases Scielo, Pubmed e Google Scholar. Como resultado, foram encontrados 11 estudos referentes a seis SDD, sendo as dislexias fonológicas e de superfície as mais presentes, e foram descritas as definições, critérios de identificação e instrumentos de avaliação utilizados em cada estudo. Foi discutida a heterogeneidade de definições, critérios de identificação e instrumentos de avaliação encontrados. Destacam-se o pequeno número de relatos em comparação com a literatura internacional e a necessidade de tarefas padronizadas, validadas e sensíveis aos SDD no português brasileiro.(AU)

The present review aimed to explore the subtypes of developmental dyslexia (SDD), identified in the Brazilian literature, considering the heterogeneity in developmental dyslexia. This review included empirical studies in English or Portuguese, involving Brazilian students, and describing at least one SDD, along with diagnostic criteria. Searches were conducted in the Scielo, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. The review identified 11 studies, which covered six different SDD. Phonological and surface dyslexia were the most commonly reported subtypes. The review discussed the variations in definitions, identification criteria, and evaluation instruments used in these studies. It also highlighted the limited number of reports in the Brazilian literature compared to international sources and emphasized the need for standardized, validated tasks in Brazilian Portuguese that are SDD-sensitive.(AU)

La heterogeneidad en la dislexia del desarrollo puede comprenderse a través de los subtipos de dislexia del desarrollo (SDD), pero no se encontraron estudios que evalúen la literatura brasileña sobre SDD. Esta revisión buscó responder cuáles los SDD se han identificado en el portugués brasileño. Se incluyeron estudios empíricos con participantes brasileños en inglés o portugués que describieran al menos un SDD y sus criterios de diagnósticos. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Scielo, Pubmed y Google Scholar. Como resultado, se encontraron 11 estudios relacionados con seis SDD, siendo las dislexias fonológicas y de superficie las más comunes, y se describieron las definiciones, criterios de identificación e instrumentos de evaluación utilizados en cada estudio. Se discutió la heterogeneidad de definiciones, criterios de identificación y herramientas de evaluación encontradas. Se destaca el escaso número de informes en comparación con la literatura internacional y la necesidad de tareas estandarizadas, validadas y sensibles a SDD en el portugués brasileño.(AU)

A proposed model to evaluate how changes in body condition score and the fatty acid profile of a supplement affect physiology and metabolic responses of nonlactating females.

Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of altering body condition score (BCS) and the profile of a fatty acid (FA) supplement on the metabolism of Bos indicus Nellore females. In experiment 1, 16 and 24 B. indicus heifers and nonlactating cows, respectively, were assigned to (1) maintenance diet (MNT-MNT; n = 10), (2) maintenance diet and BCS loss (MNT-LSS; n = 10), (3) maintenance diet supplemented with calcium salts of soybean oil for 30 d and BCS loss for 40 d (MNT+CFA-LSS; n = 10), and (4) maintenance diet for 30 d and BCS loss for 40 d with a diet containing calcium salts of soybean oil (MNT-LSS+CFA; n = 10). Following the BCS loss period, MNT-LSS, MNT+CFA-LSS, and MNT-LSS+CFA were fed a diet to promote the gain of BCS. In experiment 2, 40 Bos indicus nulliparous heifers were assigned to (1) maintenance diet (MNT-MNT; n = 10), (2) BCS loss followed by a BCS gain (LSS-REM; n = 10), (3) BCS loss followed by a BCS gain diet with CFA of palm oil (LSS-REM+PLM; n = 10), and (4) BCS loss followed by a BCS gain diet with CFA of soybean oil (LSS-REM+SOY; n = 10). Blood samples were obtained for serum haptoglobin and fecal samples for pH (experiment 2 only). In experiment 1, a treatment × day interaction was observed for BCS during the 60-d BCS loss and gain period. Animals assigned to MNT-MNT had a greater BCS than the other treatment groups on d 40 and 60 of the experiment, but no other differences were observed. Moreover, a treatment × day interaction was observed for serum haptoglobin, as on d 60, MNT-LSS had a greater mean serum haptoglobin concentration. In experiment 2, a treatment × day interaction was also observed for BCS. From d -4 to 0, LSS-REM and LSS-REM+SOY had a reduced BCS versus MNT-MNT, but also lower for LSS-REM versus MNT-MNT on d 1, and LSS-REM+PLM versus MNT-MNT on d -1 and 0. For serum haptoglobin, no treatment or treatment × day interaction was observed. A treatment × day interaction was observed for fecal pH. From d -10 to 0, MNT often had a lower fecal pH, but during realimentation, LSS-REM heifers had a reduced fecal pH on d 1, 4, and 10. In summary, we failed to demonstrate an increase in serum haptoglobin due to a BCS loss. Still, supplementation with calcium salts of FA alleviated the increase in haptoglobin and maintained fecal pH at more stable values during realimentation, regardless of the FA profile of the supplement.