Influenza outbreak during the surge of SARS-CoV-2 omicron in a metropolitan area from southern Brazil: genomic surveillance.

Influenza circulation was significantly affected in 2020-21 by the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, few influenza cases were recorded. However, in the summer of 2021-22, an increase in atypical influenza cases was observed, leading to the resurgence of influenza in the southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The present study aimed to identify the circulation of FLUAV, FLUBV and SARS-CoV-2 and characterize the influenza genomes in respiratory samples using high-throughput sequencing technology (HTS). Respiratory samples (n = 694) from patients in RS were selected between July 2021 and August 2022. The samples were typed using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and showed 32% (223/694) of the samples to be positive for SARS-CoV-2, 7% for FLUAV (H3) (49/694). FLUBV was not detected. RT-qPCR data also resulted in FLUAV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infections in 1.7% (4/223) of samples tested. Whole genome sequencing of FLUAV produced 15 complete genomes of the H3N2 subtype, phylogenetically classified in the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3 subclade and revealing the dominance of viruses in the southern region of Brazil. Mutation analysis identified 72 amino acid substitutions in all genes, highlighting ongoing genetic evolution with potential implications for vaccine effectiveness, viral fitness, and pathogenicity. This study underscores limitations in current surveillance systems, advocating for comprehensive data inclusion to enhance understanding of influenza epidemiology in southern Brazil. These findings contribute valuable insights to inform more effective public health responses and underscore the critical need for continuous genomic surveillance.

Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biopolymer Fibers: Fabrication Techniques and Characterization Methods.

Hybrid nanocomposites combining biopolymer fibers incorporated with nanoparticles (NPs) have received increasing attention due to their remarkable characteristics. Inorganic NPs are typically chosen for their properties, such as magnetism and thermal or electrical conductivity, for example. Meanwhile, the biopolymer fiber component is a backbone, and could act as a support structure for the NPs. This shift towards biopolymers over traditional synthetic polymers is motivated by their sustainability, compatibility with biological systems, non-toxic nature, and natural decomposition. This study employed the solution blow spinning (SBS) method to obtain a nanocomposite comprising poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PVA, and gelatin biodegradable polymer fibers incorporated with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid), PAA2k, coded as γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. The fiber production process entailed a preliminary investigation to determine suitable solvents, polymer concentrations, and spinning parameters. γ-Fe2O3-NPs were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation as maghemite and coated with PAA2k through the precipitation-redispersion protocol in order to prepare γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. Biopolymeric fibers containing coated NPs with sub-micrometer diameters were obtained, with NP concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1.7% wt. The synthesized NPs underwent characterization via dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and infrared spectroscopy, while the biopolymer fibers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful implementation of SBS for producing biopolymeric fibers incorporating iron oxide NPs, where the amalgamation of materials demonstrated superior thermal behavior to the plain polymers. The thorough characterization of the NPs and fibers provided valuable insights into their properties, paving the way for their potential applications in various fields such as biomedical engineering, environmental remediation, and functional materials.

Successful strategies for preventing and controlling violence against people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Violence against people with intellectual disabilities is unfortunately a reality all over the world, as they are one of the populations most vulnerable to various forms of aggression. Assertive prevention and control measures are crucial to tackle and reduce this problem. The aim of this study was to map and summarize the main measures for preventing and controlling domestic violence against people with intellectual disabilities.  METHODS: This was a scoping review conducted in accordance with the JBI guidelines. The databases consulted were: National Library of Medicine (PubMed); Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science; Excerpta Medica DataBASE (EMBASE); Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and SCOPUS. Studies included in this review reported on strategies to address domestic violence against people with intellectual disabilities, published in  the last ten years, in Portuguese, Spanish or English. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were included in this review. Six studies had high methodological quality and five had moderate. Cognitive-behavioral intervention programs, educational  technologies and/or auxiliary tools, along with the full participation of people with intellectual disabilities in domestic violence prevention measures are appropriate strategies for dealing with this issue. CONCLUSION: Domestic violence against people with intellectual disabilities is relatively unexplored in the health-field scientific literature. Prevention and control measures should be developed with the active involvement of people with intellectual disabilities, generating engagement and knowledge. Preventive measures should be adapted to the personal context and conditions of individuals with special needs, such as those with persistent or chronic mental disorders.

Myositis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: The Experience of a Tertiary Center.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common extra-muscular manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), often associated with a poorer prognosis and increased mortality risk. Methods: This retrospective study aimed to characterize lung involvement and treatment response in an IIM cohort at a Portuguese tertiary center, followed between June 2016 and March 2024. We analyzed data from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to assess associations with autoantibody profiles and treatment regimens. Results: A total of 198 patients were included, with 69 (34.8%) exhibiting ILD. Antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) and dermatomyositis were the most common diagnoses among IIM-ILD patients, with ASyS being significantly more frequent in this group than in non-ILD patients (p < 0.001). Anti-Jo1 and anti-MDA-5 antibodies were more frequent in ILD patients (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021), while anti-Mi2 antibodies were less common (p = 0.002). Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) was the most common radiological pattern (69.5%). IIM-ILD patients presented with significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) compared to non-ILD patients (p < 0.001 for all values). Longitudinal analysis showed improved DLCO (p = 0.022) and stable or improved FVC (p = 0.097), especially with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and azathioprine (AZA). Combination therapies including IVIg with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or rituximab (RTX) also improved DLCO and FVC. Most ILD patients (89.6%) had stable HRCT patterns over time. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential for stabilizing or even improving lung function in IIM-ILD with appropriate immunosuppressive therapy, particularly with regimens incorporating IVIg and AZA, and combination therapies.

N-acetylcysteine effects on extracellular polymeric substances of Xylella fastidiosa: A spatiotemporal investigation with implications for biofilm disruption.

BACKGROUND: The matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) present in biofilms greatly amplifies the problem of bacterial infections, protecting bacteria against antimicrobial treatments and eventually leading to bacterial resistance. The need for alternative treatments that destroy the EPS matrix becomes evident. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one option that presents diverse effects against bacteria; however, the different mechanisms of action of NAC in biofilms have yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES: In this work, we performed microscopy studies at micro and nano scales to address the effects of NAC at single cell level and early-stage biofilms of the Xylella fastidiosa phytopathogen. METHODS: We show the physical effects of NAC on the adhesion surface and the different types of EPS, as well as the mechanical response of individual bacteria to NAC concentrations between 2 and 20 mg/mL. RESULTS: NAC modified the conditioning film on the substrate, broke down the soluble EPS, resulting in the release of adherent bacteria, decreased the volume of loosely bound EPS, and disrupted the biofilm matrix. Tightly bound EPS suffered structural alterations despite no solid evidence of its removal. In addition, bacterial force measurements upon NAC action performed with InP nanowire arrays showed an enhanced momentum transfer to the nanowires due to increased cell mobility resulting from EPS removal. CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly show that conditioning film and soluble EPS play a key role in cell adhesion control and that NAC alters EPS structure, providing solid evidence that NAC actuates mainly on EPS removal, both at single cell and biofilm levels.

Chemical and Biological Prospection of Marine Sponges Belonging to the Class Demospongiae: A Review.

Marine sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae have shown to be promising sources of bioactive compounds. This review aimed to compile studies on the biological activities and chemical components of sponge species from this class, highlighting the structure/activity relationship. Data collection was conducted using the Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, employing the following descriptors: antimicrobial marine sponges, antioxidant marine sponges, and biological activity of marine sponges. The inclusion criteria were: (1) publications from the year 2022 onwards; (2) written in English or Portuguese; and (3) that evaluated biological activities. Exclusion criteria included: (1) duplicate studies; (2) studies that were not within the scope; and (3) studies that did not evaluate biological activities. As a result of this survey, it was possible to isolate and identify 262 compounds from different metabolic classes, with terpenes, lipids, and alkaloids being highlighted. The extracts, fractions, and isolates were investigated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. The sponges demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic potential against various cancer cell lines. Based on data analysis, it is concluded that the studied compounds show promise for the development of drugs for microorganism control and cancer treatment, acting through different mechanisms of action.

Optimized protocol for collecting root canal biofilms for in vitro studies.

Endodontic retreatment is often necessitated by several factors, including the persistence of microorganisms in the root canal system (RCS). Their complex organization in biofilms increases their pathogenic potential, necessitating new disinfection strategies. This study aimed to standardize a new in vitro protocol for collecting biofilm from the RCS. Thirty-four bovine incisors were used in the study, divided into two experimental groups with two collection steps each: (a) biofilm collection protocol and (b) absorbent paper points protocol. Twelve specimens from each group were selected for counting colony-forming units (CFUs), while eight specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two additional specimens served as sterilization controls to ensure that experiments were free of contamination. The coronal region was removed and standardized at 15 mm. After preparation with ProTaper up to F5, the apical foramen was sealed with composite resin, and the roots were stabilized with acrylic resin in 1.5-mL Eppendorf tubes. The specimens were sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis NTCT 775 every 24 h for 21 days. After this period, each group underwent biofilm collection protocols, and CFU and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data were analyzed. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to assess the normality of log-transformed data, and the results indicated a normal distribution for all groups, allowing parametric testing. The Levene test was used to evaluate the equality of variances. The proposed biofilm collection method yielded significantly higher CFU counts compared with the absorbent paper points method, particularly when analyzed on a log10 scale. An independent samples t-test confirmed a statistically significant difference between the two methods (p < 0.0001). The proposed protocol achieved an efficiency rate of 95.85 % ± 1.15 %, whereas the absorbent paper points protocol yielded a lower efficiency of 5.46 % ± 1.37 %. Therefore, the biofilm collection protocol proposed in this study proved to be more effective for biofilm removal from the RCS.

Modulating the Properties of Brown Alga Alginate-Based Fibers Using Natural Cross-Linkers for Sustainable Textile and Fashion Applications.

Seaweed-derived alginate shows promise in the textile industry as a sustainable alternative to synthetic and natural materials. However, challenges arise due to its low mechanical strength. We addressed this limitation by sustainably extracting alginates from European brown algae and employing novel manufacturing methods. Using natural cross-linkers, such as chitosan, ferulic acid, and citric acid, we have successfully modulated the mechanical properties of alginate fibers. Mechanical properties of ferulic acid and citric acid-cross-linked alginate solutions were spinnable, producing fibers with a diameter of 73-75 µm. Ferulic acid cross-linked alginate fibers exhibited stiffness, with a tensile strength of 52.97 MPa and a strain percentage of 20.77, mechanical properties comparable to those of wool, polyester, and rayon. In contrast, citric acid-cross-linked fibers showed partial elasticity, with a tensile strength of 14.35 MPa and a strain percentage of 45.53, comparable to those of nylon. This ability to control the mechanical properties of seaweed-derived fibers represents a significant advancement for their application in sustainable textiles and the fashion industry.

Live Cell Painting: image-based profiling in live cells using Acridine Orange.

Image-based profiling has been used to analyze cell health, drug mechanism of action, CRISPR-edited cells, and overall cytotoxicity. Cell Painting is a broadly used image-based assay that uses morphological features to capture how cells respond to treatments. However, this method requires cell fixation for staining, which prevents examining live cells. To address this limitation, here we present Live Cell Painting (LCP), a high-content method based on Acridine orange, a metachromatic dye that labels different organelles and cellular structures. We began by showing that LCP can be applied to follow acidic vesicle redistribution of cells exposed to acidic vesicles inhibitors. Next, we show that LCP can identify subtle changes in cells exposed to silver nanoparticles that are not detected by techniques such as MTT assay. In drug treatments, LCP was helpful in assessing the dose-response relationship and creating profiles that allow clustering of drugs that cause liver injury. Here, we present an affordable and easy-to-use image-based assay capable of assessing overall cell health and showing promise for use in various applications such as assessing drugs and nanoparticles. We envisage the use of Live Cell Painting as an initial screening of overall cell health while providing insights into new biological questions.

Sleep and circadian disruption in bipolar disorders: From psychopathology to digital phenotyping in clinical practice.

Sleep and biological rhythms are integral to mood regulation across the lifespan, particularly in bipolar disorder (BD), where alterations in sleep phase, structure, and duration occur in all mood states. These disruptions are linked to poorer quality of life, heightened suicide risk, impaired cognitive function, and increased relapse rates. This review highlights the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in BD and aims to consolidate understanding and clinical applications of these phenomena. It also summarizes the evolution of sleep and biological rhythms assessment methods, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and digital phenotyping. It underscores the importance of recognizing circadian rhythm involvement in mood regulation, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Future research directions include elucidating circadian clock gene mechanisms, understanding environmental impacts on circadian rhythms, and investigating the bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and mood regulation in BD. Standardizing assessment methods and addressing privacy concerns related to EMA technology and digital phenotyping are essential for advancing research. Collaborative efforts are crucial for enhancing clinical applicability and understanding the broader implications of biological rhythms in BD diagnosis and treatment. Overall, recognizing the significance of sleep and biological rhythms in BD offers promise for improved outcomes through targeted interventions and a deeper understanding of the disorder's underlying mechanisms.

Characterization of Bovine Papillomavirus Types Detected in Cattle Rumen Tissues from Amazon Region, Brazil.

The Bos Taurus Papillomavirus, commonly known as bovine papillomavirus (BPV), can cause lesions in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in cattle and induce the formation of papillomas in organs such as the pharynx, esophagus, rumen and reticulum. GIT papillomas can lead to feeding and breathing distress. Moreover, the sample collection is challenging, which reduces the BPV diagnosis in these organs. BPV can cause exophytic nodular, cauliflower-like, flat, filiform or atypical-shape papillomas at the epidermis. Histologically, the papillomas demonstrate orthokeratotic/parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis and, currently, BPV comprises 45 described types. The aim of this study was to carry out the genetic characterization of BPV present in rumen neoplastic lesions of cattle raised extensively in the Western Amazon region, Brazil. A total of 100 papillomatous ruminal samples were collected from animals slaughtered in Ji-Paraná and Urupá municipalities from the Rondônia state, Brazil. The samples were submitted to PCR using the primer pair FAP59/FAP64 and sequenced by the Sanger method. Histopathological analysis was performed on 24 samples, which had enough material for this purpose. As a result, samples were histologically classified as fibropapilloma and squamous papilloma. Among the samples analyzed, it was possible to identify the BPVs 2, 13 (Delta PVs) and 44, with one sample classified as a putative new subtype of BPV44. The present study could identify BPV13 and 44 types in cattle rumen tissues from the Brazilian Amazon region for the first time.

Identification of odor-active compounds in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from recirculated aquaculture systems: A case study with different depuration procedures.

Off-flavors are a major challenge for companies using recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS). In the presented work, we comprehensively characterize the odorant composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in RAS and compare the impact of two depuration processes on the odorant composition and aroma profile of the fish. Fish collected from the production tank and after two different tank pre-disinfection approaches in the depuration process (high pH versus H2O2) were investigated. A combined sensory-instrumental investigation revealed the presence of 115 odorants, of which 83 were successfully identified. The compounds decanal, tridecanal, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, octane-2,3-dione, benzophenone, non-3-yn-1-ol, γ-dodecalactone, (Z)-geranylacetone, 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine, 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, benzothiazole, skatole, and 5α-androst-16-en-3-one were detected with the highest flavor dilution factors and are described for the first time as odor-active compounds in fish from RAS. The results indicate that depuration decreased the levels of 78 different odorants from the fish, including the potent earthy smelling odorants geosmin, isoborneol and 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine.

Chikungunya and Mayaro Viruses Induce Chronic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Triggered by Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Response.

Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Mayaro (MAYV) viruses are arthritogenic alphaviruses that promote an incapacitating and long-lasting inflammatory muscle-articular disease. Despite studies pointing out the importance of skeletal muscle (SkM) in viral pathogenesis, the long-term consequences on its physiology and the mechanism of persistence of symptoms are still poorly understood. Combining molecular, morphological, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and histological analysis, we conduct a temporal investigation of CHIKV and MAYV replication in a wild-type mice model, focusing on the impact on SkM composition, structure, and repair in the acute and late phases of infection. We found that viral replication and induced inflammation promote a rapid loss of muscle mass and reduction in fiber cross-sectional area by upregulation of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 expression, both key regulators of SkM fibers atrophy. Despite a reduction in inflammation and clearance of infectious viral particles, SkM atrophy persists until 30 days post-infection. The genomic CHIKV and MAYV RNAs were still detected in SkM in the late phase, along with the upregulation of chemokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. In agreement with the involvement of inflammatory mediators on induced atrophy, the neutralization of TNF and a reduction in oxidative stress using monomethyl fumarate, an agonist of Nrf2, decreases atrogen expression and atrophic fibers while increasing weight gain in treated mice. These data indicate that arthritogenic alphavirus infection could chronically impact body SkM composition and also harm repair machinery, contributing to a better understanding of mechanisms of arthritogenic alphavirus pathogenesis and with a description of potentially new targets of therapeutic intervention.

Evaluation of the use of telemedicine in pediatric intensive care units: a cluster-randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: Telemedicine has shown promising results, allowing specialists to provide rapid and effective care in remote locations. However, to our knowledge, current evidence is not robust enough to prove the effectiveness of this tool. This cluster-randomized trial (CRT) aimed to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on clinical care indicators in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). METHODS: An open-label CRT was conducted in 16 PICUs within the Brazilian public health system. The trial took place from August 2022 to December 2023 and compared an intervention group, which received telemedicine support, with a control group, which received usual PICU care. The primary outcome was the PICU length of stay. The main secondary outcomes were mortality rate and ventilator-free days. RESULTS: A total of 1393 participants were included, 657 in the control group and 736 in the intervention group. The mean PICU length of stay was 10.42 (SD, 10.71) days for the control group and 11.52 (SD, 10.80) days for the intervention group. The overall mean of ventilator-free days was 6.82 (SD, 7.71) days. Regarding mortality, 7.54% of participants died in total. No significant difference was found in the outcomes between the groups. CONCLUSION: Despite the potential benefits of telemedicine, its effective implementation in the Brazilian public health system faces considerable challenges, highlighting the continued importance of investigating and improving the role of telemedicine in pediatric critical care. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05260710 and ReBEC - RBR-7×j4wyp.

Suture versus tacks in minimally invasive transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal repair: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

INTRODUCTION: There is uncertainty regarding the method of mesh fixation and peritoneal closure during transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair for inguinal hernias, with no definitive guidelines to guide surgeon choice. METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane, Central Register of Clinical Trials, and Web of Science were searched for RCTs published until November 2023. Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random-effects model. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics, with p values inferior to 0.10 and I2 > 25% considered significant. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager version 5.4 and RStudio version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, comprising 624 patients, of whom 309 (49.5%) patients were submitted to TAPP with the use of tacks, and 315 (50.5%) received suture fixation. The use of tacker fixation was associated with a significant increase in postoperative pain at 24 h (MD 0.79 [VAS score]; 95% CI 0.38 to 1.19; p < 0.0002; I2 = 87%) and one week (MD 0.42 [VAS score]; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.79; p < 0.03, I2 = 84%). The use of tacks was associated with shorter operative time (MD-25.80 [min]; 95% - 34.31- - 17.28; P < 0.00001; I2 = 94%). No significant differences were found in overall complications, chronic pain, seromas, hematomas, and urinary retention rates. CONCLUSION: In patients who underwent TAPP hernia repair, tacks are associated with decreased operative time but increased postoperative pain at 24 h and one week.

Transplante dentário autólogo: revisão integrativa / Dental autologous transplantation: an integrative literaturereview / Trasplante dental autólogo: una revisión integradora de la literatura

Introdução:O transplante autólogo dentário é uma técnica cirúrgica na qual há a transposição de um dente para uma nova área receptora, no mesmo paciente. É viável para o tratamento de ausências e impactações dentárias. O método apresenta benefícios como manutenção de periodonto vital, volume ósseo alveolar e papila dentária, possibilidade de movimentação dentária por forças ortodônticas ou fisiológicas e estética favorável.Objetivo:Promover uma revisão de literatura sobre o transplante dentário autólogo, visando relatar as principais indicações, benefícios e contraindicações da técnica, além de descrever o protocolo cirúrgico e os fatores que influenciam no sucesso, de modo a orientar o manejo clínico.Metodologia:Para esse fim, as bases de dados analisadas foram PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO, sendo obtidos artigos de Revisão Sistemática e Metanálises dos anos de 2018 a 2023.Resultados:O autotransplante apresenta taxas de sobrevida entre 93% e 100% e taxas de sucesso entre 89,4% e 96,6%, o que depende dos fatores relacionados ao paciente, ao dente doador, à área receptora e à técnica cirúrgica.Dentes anteriores e com ápice aberto apresentam melhores taxas de sobrevivência e sucesso em relação aos dentes posteriores e de ápice fechado, todavia não há comprovação que os demais pontos realmente influenciam diretamente no método. Conclusões:Com isso, podemos compreender que o estabelecimento de protocolos pré,trans e pós-operatório, além de esclarecimento de todos os fatores que influenciam na técnica, devem ser foco de estudos dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas, trazendo benefícios consideráveisparao manejo cirúrgico e saúde desses pacientes (AU).

Introduction:Autologous dental transplantation is a surgical technique in which there is the transposition of a tooth to a new recipient area within the same patient. It is a viable option for treating dental absenteeism and impactions. The method offers benefits such as the maintenance of vital periodontium, alveolar bone volume, and dental papilla, the possibility of dental movement through orthodontic or physiological forces, and favorable aesthetics.Objective:To promote a literature review on autologous dental transplantation, aiming to report the main indications, benefits, and contraindications of the technique, in addition to describe the surgical protocol and factors influencing success, providing guidance for clinical management.Methodology:For this purpose, the analyzed databases included PUBMED, LILACS, and SCIELO, obtaining Systematic Review and Meta-Analysesarticles from the years 2018 to 2023.Results:Autotransplantation presents survival rates between 93% and 100% and success rates between 89.4% and 96.6%, depending on factors related to the patient, the donor tooth, the recipient area, and the surgical technique. Anterior teeth with open apices present better survival and success rates compared to posterior teeth with closed apices, however, there is no conclusive evidence that other factors directly influence the method.Conclusions:Therefore, we can understand that the establishment of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols, along with clarification of all factors influencing the technique, should be the focus of studies for Dental Surgeons, bringing significant benefits to these individuals' health (AU).

Introducción: : El trasplante autólogo dental es una técnica quirúrgica en la que se transpone un diente a una nueva área receptora, en el mismo paciente. Es viable para el tratamiento de ausencias e impactos dentales. El método presenta beneficios como mantenimiento de periodonto vital, volumen óseo alveolar y papila dental, posibilidad de movimiento dental por parte de fuerzas ortodoncias o fisiológicas y estética favorable.Objetivo: Promover una revisión de la literatura sobre el trasplante dentario autólogo, con el objetivo de reportar las principales indicaciones, beneficios y contra indicaciones de la técnica, además de describir el protocolo quirúrgico ylos factores que influyen en el éxito, con el fin de orientar el manejo clínico.Metodología: Para este fin, las bases de datos analizadas fueron PUBMED, LILACS y SCIELO, siendo obtenidos artículos de Revisión Sistemática y Metanálisis de los años 2018 a2023.Resultados: El autotrasplante presenta tasas de sobrevida entre 93% y 100% y tasa de éxito entre 89,4% y 96,6%, lo que depende de los factores relacionados con el paciente, el donante, el área receptora y la técnica quirúrgica. Los dientes anteriores y ápice abiertos presentan mejores tasas de supervivencia y éxito con respecto a los dientes posteriores y de ápice cerrado, pero no hay prueba de que los demás puntos realmente influyen directamente en el método.Conclusiones: Con eso, podemos comprender que el establecimiento de protocolos pre, intra y postoperatorio, además de esclarecimiento de todos los factores que influyen en la técnica, deben ser foco de estudios de los CirujanosDentistas, trayendo beneficios considerables para la salud de estos individuos (AU).

Cyanobacterial and microalgae polymers: antiviral activity and applications.

At the end of 2019, the world witnessed the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. As an aggressive viral infection, the entire world remained attentive to new discoveries about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its effects in the human body. The search for new antivirals capable of preventing and/or controlling the infection became one of the main goals of research during this time. New biocompounds from marine sources, especially microalgae and cyanobacteria, with pharmacological benefits, such as anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral attracted particular interest. Polysaccharides (PS) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially those containing sulfated groups in their structure, have potential antiviral activity against several types of viruses including HIV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1, and SARS-CoV-2. We review the main characteristics of PS and EPS with antiviral activity, the mechanisms of action, and the different extraction methodologies from microalgae and cyanobacteria biomass.

In vitro conjugation of IncB/O-plasmid: Minimum inhibitory concentration of ß-lactams increases 16-fold in Salmonella enterica compared with Escherichia coli.

The use of antimicrobials in poultry leaves residues in the litter, favoring the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and making it a source of contamination. An in vitro 4 × 4 factorial trial was performed to investigate the influence of four treatments, consisting of antimicrobial sub-concentrations, on the transference of IncB/O-plasmid through conjugation in four groups. Each group was composed of one plasmid donor bacterium (Escherichia coli H2332) and a recipient bacterium (Escherichia coli J62 or Salmonella enterica serovars, Enteritidis, Typhimurium, or Heidelberg). Our results showed a little decrease in the conjugation frequency in almost all treatments between the two bacterial species, which varied according to each strain. The MIC test revealed an increase of up to 4096-fold in resistance to beta-lactams in Salmonella serovars after plasmid acquisition. This finding suggests that some genetic apparatus may be involved in increased antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella serovars after the acquisition of primary resistance determinants.

Immunosuppression-induced Zika virus reactivation causes brain inflammation and behavioral deficits in mice.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that can persist in several tissues. The late consequences of ZIKV persistence and whether new rounds of active replication can occur, remain unaddressed. Here, we investigated whether neonatally ZIKV-infected mice are susceptible to viral reactivation in adulthood. We found that when ZIKV-infected mice are treated with immunosuppressant drugs, they present increased susceptibility to chemically induced seizures. Levels of subgenomic flavivirus RNAs (sfRNAs) were increased, relative to the amounts of genomic RNAs, in the brains of mice following immunosuppression and were associated with changes in cytokine expression. We investigated the impact of immunosuppression on the testicles and found that ZIKV genomic RNA levels are increased in mice following immunosuppression, which also caused significant testicular damage. These findings suggest that ZIKV can establish new rounds of active replication long after acute stages of disease, so exposed patients should be monitored to ensure complete viral eradication.