Exploring uterine inflammation in postpartum primiparous precocious and conventional and multiparous Bos indicus beef cows.

This study aimed to compare the postpartum uterine dynamics of primiparous precocious (PP), primiparous conventional (PC) and multiparous conventional (MC) Bos indicus beef cows. For this purpose, PP (n = 8), PC (n = 18) and MC (n = 12) cows were enrolled in this study. These cows were evaluated at 20 and 10 days prepartum and weekly from parturition to 42 days postpartum (DPP). During this period, body weight (BW), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and serum concentrations of glucose, ß-hydroxybutyrate, albumin and haptoglobin were measured. Proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and abundance of mRNA transcripts of genes involved in uterine inflammation and uterine health were evaluated. The PP cows had lower (p < .05) BW and SFT than that for PC and MC cows during the study period. The serum concentration of albumin after 35 DPP was lower (p < .05) in PP cows. The PP cows had the highest proportion of PMN on 28 and 35 DPP compared to PC and MC cows. The relative mRNA abundance of IL-1ß and IL-8 increased after 21 DPP in PP cows compared to the other groups. The PC had the highest, MC had an intermediate, and PP cows had the lowest relative abundance of IL10 mRNA. Overall, these findings indicated that uterine inflammation was more pronounced in PP cows. Moreover, based on the proportion of PMN and abundance of transcripts associated with inflammation in the uterus, PP cows may require a longer period to recover their uterine health after calving.

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de violência sexual em anápolis - goiás - brasil, nos anos 2017 a 2020 / Epidemiological profile of cases of sexual violence in anápolis - goiás - brazil, in the years 2017 to 2020 / Perfil epidemiológico de los casos de violencia sexual en anápolis - goiás - brasil, en los años 2017 a 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas que sofreram violência sexual, em Anápolis - Goiás - Brasil, entre os anos 2017 a 2020. Métodos: estudo descritivo de natureza quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados da ficha de notificação de violência sexual cadastrada no Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Utilizado o teste qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: foram notificados 850 casos, com o pico em 2020, sendo 82,1% do sexo feminino, entre a faixa etária de dois a 10 anos (42,2%), de cor parda (61,2%) e solteira (37,1%). A principal conduta realizada após violência sexual foi a coleta de sangue (21,6%); os principais agressores foram os pais (20,9%), o tipo de violência sexual principal foi estupro (68,7%) e as vítimas foram encaminhadas, principalmente, para o Conselho tutelar (48,2%). Conclusão: os resultados apontam a necessidade de se fortalecer intervenções no sentido de ampliar a rede de proteção social às crianças e adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of victims who suffered sexual violence, in Anápolis - Goiás - Brazil, between the years 2017 to 2020. Methods: descriptive study of quantitative nature. Data from the notification form of sexual violence registered in the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance were used. Chi-square test was used with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: 850 cases were notified, with the peak in 2020, 82.1% were female, between the age group of two to 10 years (42.2%), brown (61.2%) and single (37.1%). The main conduct carried out after sexual violence was blood collection (21.6%); the main aggressors were the parents (20.9%), the main type of sexual violence was rape (68.7%) and the victims were mainly referred to the Guardianship Council (48.2%). Conclusion: The results point to the need to strengthen interventions to expand the social protection network for children and adolescents.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el perfil epidemiológico de las víctimas que han sufrido violencia sexual, en Anápolis - Goiás - Brasil, entre los años 2017 a 2020. Método: estudio descriptivo de naturaleza cuantitativa. Se utilizaron datos de la ficha de notificación de violencia sexual registrada en el Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado con un nivel de significación del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Fueron notificados 850 casos, con el pico en 2020, siendo 82,1% mujeres, entre el grupo de edad de dos a 10 años (42,2%), morenas (61,2%) y solteras (37,1%). La principal conducta realizada después de la violencia sexual fue la extracción de sangre (21,6%); los principales agresores fueron los padres (20,9%), el principal tipo de violencia sexual fue la violación (68,7%) y las víctimas fueron encaminadas principalmente al Consejo Tutelar (48,2%). Conclusión: los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de reforzar las intervenciones para ampliar la red de protección social de niños y adolescentes.

Clinical and nutritional predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Identify clinical, sociodemographic, and nutritional predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted with patients hospitalised at a public institution in Recife, Brazil. Sociodemographic (age, sex, race, and place of residence), clinical (diagnosis, comorbidities, medications, polypharmacy, hospital outcome, hospital stay, and occurrence of readmission within 30 days), and nutritional (% of weight loss, body mass index, arm circumference [AC], and calf circumference [CC]) characteristics were collected from the nutritional assessment files and patient charts. Nutritional risk was determined using the 2002 Nutritional Risk Screening tool and the diagnosis of malnutrition was based on the GLIM criteria. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 252 patients, 58 (23.0%; CI95%: 17.2-28.8%) of whom were readmitted within 30 days after discharge from hospital, 135 (53.5%; CI95%: 46.7-60.5%) were at nutritional risk and 107 (42.4%; CI95%: 35.6-49.3%) were malnourished. In the bivariate analysis, polypharmacy, nutritional risk, malnutrition, low AC, and low CC were associated with readmission. In the multivariate analysis, low CC was considered an independent risk factor, increasing the likelihood of hospital readmission nearly fourfold. In contrast, the absence of polypharmacy was a protective favour, reducing the likelihood of readmission by 81%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of six medications or more and low calf circumference are risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge.

Excessive interdialytic weight gain and associated factors

ABSTRACT Excessive interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) may be associated with numerous factors that are discussed little in the literature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with excessive IDWG in patients on hemodialysis. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 197 adults on hemodialysis at a satellite clinic in the city of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Brazil. We calculated %IDWG by the mean difference among 12 hemodialysis sessions, with >4.5% considered excessive. The conceptual model considered socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, anthropometric and laboratorial variables. Excessive IDWG was found in 28.4% of the sample. In the final adjusted Poisson regression model, three variables remained independently associated with excessive IDWG: age between 20 and 59 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [PRadjusted]= 1.87, 95% CI: 1.21-2.88), household income between one and two times the minimum monthly salary (PRadjusted=2.14, 95% CI: 1.36-3.44) and

RESUMEN El aumento de peso interdiálisis (APID) excesivo puede asociarse a numerosos factores, pero todavía es poco discutido en la literatura. El objetivo fue evaluar los factores asociados al APID excesivo de pacientes en hemodiálisis (HD). Estudio transversal, que incluyó a 197 pacientes adultos en HD, y fue realizado en una clínica satélite ubicada en Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE. Para el análisis del % APID, se calculó el promedio de la diferencia de peso de 12 sesiones de hemodiálisis, considerándose excesivo el valor >4,5%. El modelo conceptual consideró variables socioeconómicas, demográficas, clínicas, antropométricas y de laboratorio. El APID excesivo estuvo presente en el 28,4% de la muestra y, tras el ajuste para el modelo final obtenido por la regresión de Poisson, tres variables permanecieron independientemente asociadas al APID excesivo: edad entre 20 y 59 años (razón de prevalencia ajustada - RPajustada= 1,87 IC95% 1,21-2,88), renta familiar entre 1 y 2 sueldos mínimos (RPajustada= 2,14 IC95% 1,36-3,44) y nivel educacional <9 años de estudio (RPajustada= 1,78 IC95% 1,15-2,76). Los resultados mostraron una asociación entre APID excesivo con algunos factores, siendo la renta familiar baja la más fuertemente asociada, seguida por la edad adulta no-anciana y el bajo nivel educacional.

Prostaglandin E2 induces ovulation in prepubertal mice / Prostaglandina E2 induz ovulação em camundongos pré-púberes

The objective of this study was to determine the ability of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to induce ovulation and expression of PGE2 receptor (EP2 and EP4) and COX genes (COX-1 and COX-2) in the ovary and pituitary of prepubertal mice. The positive control consisted of the application of 5 µg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, n = 29); the negative control applied 0.5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n=31); the treatment tested the application of 250 µg of PGE2 (n = 29), making a total of 89 prepubertal mice (BALB/c). Mice were euthanized 14 to 15 h after treatments to detect ovulation and tissue collection. A Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of animals ovulating. Gene expressions and number of ovulation were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to compare means among groups. A greater proportion of mice (P < 0.001) ovulated after receiving GnRH (89.7%, 26/29) compared to PGE2 group (58.6%, 17/29). However, the proportion was higher compared to those treated with PBS (0%, 0/31). Ep2gene expression in the pituitary was > two-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the PGE2 group compared to the PBS and GnRH groups. Further, PGE2 stimulated Cox1 (2.7 fold, P < 0.05) while GnRH stimulated Cox2 expression (6.5 fold, P < 0.05) in the pituitary when compared to the PBS group. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that PGE2 can induce ovulation in prepubertal mice with a concomitant increase in Ep2 and Cox1 gene expression in the pituitary gland.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a capacidade da prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) em induzir a ovulação e expressão do receptor PGE2 (EP2 e EP4) e genes COX (COX-1 e COX-2) no ovário e na hipófise de camundongos pré-púberes. O controle positivo consistiu na aplicação de 5 µg de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH, n = 29); o controle negativo aplicação 0,5 mL de tampão fosfato-salino (PBS, n=31); o tratamento testado aplicação de 250 µg de PGE2 (n = 29), perfazendo um total de 89 camundongos (BALB/c) pré-púberes. Os camundongos foram sacrificados 14 a 15 h após os tratamentos para detectar ovulações e coleta de tecido. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para comparar a proporção de animais ovulando. As expressões gênicas e o número de ovulação foram analisados por ANOVA e o teste de tukey foi usado para comparar as médias entre os grupos. Uma maior proporção de camundongos (P <0,001) ovulou após receber GnRH (89,7%, 26/29) em comparação com o grupo PGE2 (58,6%, 17/29). No entanto, a proporção foi maior em comparação com aqueles tratados com PBS (0%, 0/31). A expressão do gene Ep2 na hipófise foi duas vezes maior (P <0,05) no grupo PGE2 em comparação com os grupos PBS e GnRH. Além disso, a PGE2 estimulou a Cox1(2,7 vezes, P <0,05) enquanto o GnRH estimulou a expressão de Cox2 (6,5 vezes, P <0,05) na pituitária em comparação com o grupo PBS. Em conclusão, nossos resultados suportam a hipótese de que PGE2 é capaz de induzir ovulação em camundongos pré-púberes com aumento concomitante na expressão dos genes Ep2 e Cox1 na glândula pituitária.(AU)

Associations between nutritional risk at hospital admission and incidence of complications, hospitalization time and mortality

ABSTRACT The early identification of nutritional risk is essential for the earliest possible implementation of nutritional therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between nutritional risk and the incidence of clinical complications. An observational study was conducted at the internal medicine infirmary of a Brazilian public hospital involving patients admitted between January 2016 and December 2017. The NRS-2002, anthropometrics and laboratory exams (initial and final) were used for the evaluation of nutritional risk. The prevalence of nutritional risk was 63.6%. Nutritional risk upon admission to hospital was associated with the occurrence of complications, a longer hospitalization time and death. In correlation analysis, considering anthropometrics and laboratory exams compared to hospitalization time and time elapsed prior to the onset of the diet, serum albumin was inversely correlated with both hospitalization time and nutritional risk. Based on the present findings, knowledge on the nutritional status of patients and adequate nutritional therapy can lead to fewer complications during hospitalization.

RESUMEN La identificación del riesgo nutricional precoz es esencial para que un procedimiento nutricional sea implementado. El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre el riesgo nutricional con incidencia de complicaciones clínicas. Estudio observacional, realizado en la enfermería de una clínica médica de un hospital público brasileño, con pacientes admitidos entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. Para evaluación nutricional, se utilizaron la NRS-2002, antropometría y análisis laboratoriales inicial y final. La frecuencia de riesgo nutricional fue del 63,6%. El riesgo nutricional en la admisión se mostró asociado a incidencia de complicaciones, mayor tiempo de hospitalización y muerte. La albúmina sérica mostró una correlación inversa con el tiempo de internamiento y riesgo nutricional. Se concluye que el conocer el estado nutricional de los pacientes y el acompañamiento nutricional adecuado minimizará las complicaciones durante el internamiento.

Molecular quantitative assay for esterase-mediated organophosphate resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus.

The use of pesticides is the main tool to control infestations of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, and organophosphate (OP) is one of the most used compounds for this purpose. Carboxylesterases (ChEs) are targets for OP pesticides in arthropods, and acetylcholinesterase 2 (AChE2) and esterase 1 (EST1) are metabolic enzymes involved in the xenobiotic detoxification process. The increase in the synthesis of these enzymes can be detected by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, which was used to identify cattle tick populations resistant to OP pesticides. For that, two field populations of R. microplus were used, one previously identified by the larval packet test (LPT) as OP -sensitive (LC50=0.13µg/cm2) and the other OP-resistant (LC50=8.14µg/cm2). To promote the OP enzyme detoxification, groups of 10 females of the resistant strain were immersed in solutions of diazinon in technical grade at concentrations of 1.0mg/ml, 2.5mg/ml, and 5.0mg/ml. The ticks that survived diazinon exposure were submitted to qPCR assay, which enabled observing an increase in AChE2 and EST1 synthesis in the OP-resistant strain when compared to the susceptible strain. The initial results of expression analysis suggest that the qPCR assay can discriminate OP-resistant and susceptible populations. The development and improvement of molecular diagnostic tests to identify pesticide resistant R. microplus populations are priorities and in the near future it will be important to expand the molecular targets involved in OP resistance, which could be used for better selection of effective strategies to control cattle tick populations.

Enhanced extraction yields and mobile phase separations by solvent mixtures for the analysis of metabolites in Annona muricata L. leaves.

The effects of five extraction solvents and their mixtures on the yield of metabolites in crude and fractionated extracts of Annona muricata L. leaves were investigated by direct comparison. Extraction media were prepared using simplex centroid mixtures of ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, and chloroform. The effects of the mobile phase solvent strength and the analysis wavelength on the chromatographic separation were also investigated. Solvent mixtures rather than pure solvents were found to be the most efficient extractors for the different fractions. The results indicated that the mobile phase composed of methanol/acetonitrile/water (26:27:47 v/v/v) was most suitable for the basic fraction analysis at 254 nm, whereas the mobile phase composed of methanol/acetonitrile/water (35:35:30 v/v/v) was the most adequate for the organic fraction analysis at 254 nm. The results indicated that the chromatographic profiles and number of peaks were affected by the mobile phase strength and analysis wavelength.