Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale and psychometric properties among undergraduate students.

The condom use can be influenced by psychological and sociocultural aspects, which can be modulated by individual's attitudes. The aim was to propose a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), describing all procedures of translation, transcultural adaptation, and psychometric properties evaluation when applied to undergraduate students. A cross sectional study was conducted among students enrolled at University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61.2% female; average age: 22 years; standard deviation: four years). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A one-factor model with seven items exhibited good factorial validity and reliability, suggesting to be a better factorial solution of the Short-Form CAS in the sample. Few studies have been carried out on the behavioral factors associated with condom use in key populations, which can be exacerbated by a lack of appropriate scales. Therefore, the main contribution of the present study was to propose a simplified and transculturally adapted version of the Short-form CAS with some psychometric properties verified. Since the use of condoms is a component of the study of sexual risk behavior, this scale might be an option to be applied in various Brazilian population segments for this purpose.

Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale and psychometric properties among undergraduate students / Versão em português da Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale e propriedades psicométricas entre estudantes universitários

Abstract The condom use can be influenced by psychological and sociocultural aspects, which can be modulated by individual's attitudes. The aim was to propose a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), describing all procedures of translation, transcultural adaptation, and psychometric properties evaluation when applied to undergraduate students. A cross sectional study was conducted among students enrolled at University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61.2% female; average age: 22 years; standard deviation: four years). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A one-factor model with seven items exhibited good factorial validity and reliability, suggesting to be a better factorial solution of the Short-Form CAS in the sample. Few studies have been carried out on the behavioral factors associated with condom use in key populations, which can be exacerbated by a lack of appropriate scales. Therefore, the main contribution of the present study was to propose a simplified and transculturally adapted version of the Short-form CAS with some psychometric properties verified. Since the use of condoms is a component of the study of sexual risk behavior, this scale might be an option to be applied in various Brazilian population segments for this purpose.

Resumo O uso de preservativos pode ser influenciado por aspectos psicológicos e socioculturais, que podem ser modulados por atitudes individuais. O objetivo foi propor uma versão em português brasileiro da Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), descrevendo os procedimentos de tradução, adaptação transcultural e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas em uma amostra de universitários. Trata-se de estudo transversal com estudantes matriculados na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61,2% feminino; média de idade: 22 anos; desvio-padrão: quatro anos). Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória. O modelo unifatorial com sete itens apresentou boa validade fatorial e confiabilidade, sugerindo ser a melhor solução fatorial para a Short-Form CAS. Há poucos estudos sobre os fatores comportamentais associados ao uso de preservativos em populações-chave, o que pode ser influenciado pela falta de instrumentos. A principal contribuição deste estudo foi propor uma versão simples e adaptada transculturalmente da Short-Form CAS com algumas propriedades psicométricas verificadas. Uma vez que o uso de preservativos é um componente do comportamento sexual de risco, a escala se apresenta como uma nova opção para futuros estudos na população brasileira.

Psychometric Properties of Various Factorial Models of the ORTO-15 Tested With Brazilian Respondents.

The ORTO-15 is a commonly used screening instrument for symptoms of Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), an obsessive overconcern with healthy eating. However, its limitations have been evidenced in several published factorial models. We analyzed the psychometric properties of seven different ORTO-15 factorial models using data from Brazilian adult participants (n = 1455; 71.4% women; M age = 29.5, SD = 8.9 years) from the country's five macro-regions who answered online questions for sample characterization and completed the Portuguese version of the ORTO-15 containing 15 items. We tested the fit of each model separately, analyzing data for men and women with separate confirmatory factor analysis, and using the Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance Adjusted estimation method and goodness-of-fit indices. We also calculated the average variance extracted and the alpha ordinal and omega coefficients to analyze the convergent validity and reliability of the factors. None of the models tested presented adequate properties of validity and reliability. Although we found some acceptable reliability coefficients, they do not guarantee the validity of the data. Future investigators should be cautious when choosing the ORTO-15 for ON screening.

Factors of food choice and nutritional intake of Brazilian older adults according sociodemographic and health characteristics.

The rapid demographic transition in developing countries has always posed a challenge for the social and economic policies of these nations. The increase in longevity poses new challenges for understanding dietary consumption among different age groups at the old age population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons for food choice and the composition of nutritional intake of older adults and its relationship to individual characteristics. Community-living older adults aged 60 and older were interviewed in their homes at the southeastern region of Brazil, between December 2021 and February 2022. The Food Choice Questionnaire and a Food Frequency Questionnaire were administered to obtain data on the reasons for food choice and nutritional intake. A structured interview was employed to gather information on individual characteristics. 168 older adults (mean age of 72.6 ± 8.9; 69.6% women) participated. The reasons for food choice differed significantly, with weight control being one of the least important and health being one of the most important. But older adults aged 80 and over valued the health criterion less than younger participants (60-69 years old). The intake of macronutrients and energy were below nutritional recommendations. Carbohydrate consumption was positively correlated with the mood motive. There was a relationship between the reasons for choosing food and/or the components of nutritional intake with: gender, age, living with a partner, self-report of depression/anxiety, self-perception of health and nutritional status anthropometric. The results are important to be considered in prevention policies and clinical-nutritional management, with special attention to the oldest-old.

Relationships Between Three Eating Behaviors and Nine Motives for Food Choices Among Brazilian Adults: A Structural Equation Model.

We examined the relationships between three eating behaviors and nine motives underlying food choices made by Brazilian adults. Using participant responses to the short version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Choice Questionnaire, we investigated eating behaviors (cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) and motives for food choices (health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity, and ethical concern). We used a structural equation model to test relationship pathways (ß), with eating behaviors as independent variables and motives for food choices as dependent variables. Participants were 1297 individuals (69.5% female) with a mean age of 25.0 years (SD = 5.8). We confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires in this sample. Restrictive eating behavior was significantly related to motives of health (ß = .415), mood (ß = .127), natural content (ß = .364), weight control (ß = .681), and ethical concern (ß = .161). Emotional eating behavior was related to motives of mood (ß = .277), health (ß = -.137), and natural content (ß = -.136). Uncontrolled eating behavior was related to motives of convenience (ß = .226), sensory appeal (ß = .121), price (ß = .153), and familiarity (ß = .090). We believe these findings can now help design future research and clinical interventions for managing people's risky eating behaviors and promoting beneficial food choices.

[Psychosocial Influence Scale of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents: Adaptation and Factorial Validity]. / Escala de Influência Psicossocial da ingestão de Frutas, Verduras e Legumes do Adolescente: Adaptação e Validade Fatorial.

Instruments to evaluate psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among adolescents are scarce, and there appears to be only one instrument - unnamed and unvalidated - that investigates determinants derived from theories of social psychology targeting the frequency of F&V consumption among adolescents. The scope of this paper was to present the process of cultural adaptation and factor validation of this instrument al-lowing its use in studies with Brazilian adolescents. The cross-cultural adaptation process was accomplished and the final version - named Psychosocial Influence Scale for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents (PSI-FAVES) - was tested with 429 students (58% female) using McDonald's omega (ω) reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as analytical methods. The final version required refinement and the instrument showed adequate overall reliability (ω=0.86) and good fit of the data to the previously elaborated model (CFI=0.955; TLI=0.951 and RMSEA (90%CI) =0.043 (0.038-0.049)), being the first systematically validated instrument to investigate psychosocial determinants of F&V consumption among adolescents.

Instrumentos para avaliar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de frutas, verduras e legumes (FLV) de adolescentes são escassos, e há um instrumento - sem nome e validação - que investiga estes determinantes oriundos de teorias da psicologia social e direcionado à frequência de ingestão semanal de FLV de adolescentes. O objetivo foi apresentar o processo de adaptação e validação fatorial deste instrumento para ser aplicado em estudos na população brasileira. Realizou-se equivalência conceitual e de itens; equivalência semântica por tradutores e especialistas e semântica e operacional por entrevistas dirigidas com público-alvo. A versão final - denominada Escala de Influências Psicossociais da ingestão de Frutas, Verduras e Legumes de Adolescentes (PSI-FAVES) - foi testada com 429 estudantes (58% mulheres) utilizando confiabilidade por ômega de McDonald (ω) e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) como métodos analíticos. A versão final demandou refinamento e o instrumento apresentou confiabilidade total adequada (ω=0,86) e bom ajuste dos dados ao modelo previamente conjecturado (CFI=0,955; TLI=0,951 e RMSEA (90%IC)=0,043 (0,038-0,049), sendo o primeiro instrumento sistematicamente validado para investigar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de FLV de adolescentes.

Escala de Influência Psicossocial da ingestão de Frutas, Verduras e Legumes do Adolescente: Adaptação e Validade Fatorial / Psychosocial Influence Scale of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents: Adaptation and Factorial Validity

Resumo Instrumentos para avaliar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de frutas, verduras e legumes (FLV) de adolescentes são escassos, e há um instrumento - sem nome e validação - que investiga estes determinantes oriundos de teorias da psicologia social e direcionado à frequência de ingestão semanal de FLV de adolescentes. O objetivo foi apresentar o processo de adaptação e validação fatorial deste instrumento para ser aplicado em estudos na população brasileira. Realizou-se equivalência conceitual e de itens; equivalência semântica por tradutores e especialistas e semântica e operacional por entrevistas dirigidas com público-alvo. A versão final - denominada Escala de Influências Psicossociais da ingestão de Frutas, Verduras e Legumes de Adolescentes (PSI-FAVES) - foi testada com 429 estudantes (58% mulheres) utilizando confiabilidade por ômega de McDonald (ω) e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) como métodos analíticos. A versão final demandou refinamento e o instrumento apresentou confiabilidade total adequada (ω=0,86) e bom ajuste dos dados ao modelo previamente conjecturado (CFI=0,955; TLI=0,951 e RMSEA (90%IC)=0,043 (0,038-0,049), sendo o primeiro instrumento sistematicamente validado para investigar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de FLV de adolescentes.

Abstract Instruments to evaluate psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among adolescents are scarce, and there appears to be only one instrument - unnamed and unvalidated - that investigates determinants derived from theories of social psychology targeting the frequency of F&V consumption among adolescents. The scope of this paper was to present the process of cultural adaptation and factor validation of this instrument al-lowing its use in studies with Brazilian adolescents. The cross-cultural adaptation process was accomplished and the final version - named Psychosocial Influence Scale for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents (PSI-FAVES) - was tested with 429 students (58% female) using McDonald's omega (ω) reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as analytical methods. The final version required refinement and the instrument showed adequate overall reliability (ω=0.86) and good fit of the data to the previously elaborated model (CFI=0.955; TLI=0.951 and RMSEA (90%CI) =0.043 (0.038-0.049)), being the first systematically validated instrument to investigate psychosocial determinants of F&V consumption among adolescents.

Impact of body and orofacial appearance on life satisfaction among Brazilian adults.

AIMS: 1. to elaborate a general model of physical appearance taking into account body image (BI) and orofacial appearance (OA) components; and 2. to evaluate the impact of BI and OA on life satisfaction among Brazilian adults. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational study. The cognitive, behavioral, affective, and satisfaction/dissatisfaction aspects of BI, the satisfaction and psychosocial impact of OA, and life satisfaction were evaluated by self-reported psychometric scales. Principal Component Analysis and Parallel Analysis were performed. Structural equation models were elaborated to estimate the impact of BI and OA on life satisfaction. The fit of the models was verified and the significance of the path estimates (ß) was evaluated using z-tests (α = 5%). RESULTS: A total of 1,940 individuals participated in the study (age: mean = 24.8, standard deviation = 5.7 years; females = 70.1%). In the male sample, three physical appearance factors were retained (OA, cognitive and behavioral components of BI, and affective and satisfaction/dissatisfaction components of BI). In the female sample, two factors were retained (OA and all components of BI). All factors had significant impact on life satisfaction (ß = |0.26|-|0.48|, p<0.001) in both samples. Individuals dissatisfied with BI and OA had lower levels of life satisfaction. For men, the affective and satisfaction components of BI had a greater impact on life satisfaction (ß = 0.48, p<0.001) than the other factors (ß =] -0.30;-0.25[, p<0.001). For women, both BI and OA had a similar impact (BI: ß = -0.30, p<0.001; OA: ß = -0.32, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: BI and OA formed distinct clusters in the physical appearance evaluation. Physical appearance was perceived differently by men and women, fostering discussion about the sociocultural construction of the body. BI and OA had a significant impact on life satisfaction and should be considered in assessment and treatment protocols.

Relationship between Attention to Body Shape, Social Physique Anxiety, and Personal Characteristics of Brazilians: A Structural Equation Model.

People can develop eating disorders due to excessive body image concerns. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between attention to body shape, social physique anxiety, and personal characteristics in a sample of Brazilians. The secondary objective was to evaluate the correlation of the constructs with the participants' body composition. First, 1795 individuals (70% female; Mage = 25.5 ± 6.6 years) completed the Attention to Body Shape Scale, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Then, 286 participants (58% female; Mage = 25.3 ± 5.7 years) underwent a bioimpedance exam to identify body composition. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. The greater the attention to body shape, the greater the expectations of negative physical evaluation and the less comfort with physical presentation. Younger age, female gender, consumption of supplements/substances for body change, restrictive diets, physical inactivity, poor self-assessment of food quality, and overweight/obesity were related to negative body concerns. An expectation of negative physical evaluation was positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass. Comfort with physical presentation was negatively correlated with fat and positively with muscle. These results can support preventive strategies aimed at reducing eating disorders resulting from body image concerns.

Psychometric investigation of the Attention to Body Shape Scale in Brazilian adults.

The objectives of the study were to develop a Portuguese version of Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), estimate the psychometric properties of the ABS for Brazilian data, and compare the ABS scores between the sexes and the different sample characteristics. The Portuguese version was developed following a standardized protocol. The factorial and convergent validity were evaluated using goodness-of-fit parameters and average variance extracted. Composite reliability and ordinal coefficient alpha were calculated. The invariance of the fitted model was investigated across independent subsamples using multigroup analysis. The scores were compared between variables using two-way ANOVA. A total of 1,056 individuals (71% female) with a mean age of 26.1 (SD=6.4) years participated in the study. Item 3 was removed due to low factor loading. The refined model presented good psychometric properties for the data. Different characteristics contributed to greater attention to body shape. The Portuguese version of the ABS will be useful to investigate attention to body shape in Brazil. The validity and reliability of the data supported the adequacy of the refined model. Specific characteristics influenced attention to body shape, and therefore, should be considered in future protocols.

Psychometric investigation of the Attention to Body Shape Scale in Brazilian adults / Investigação Psicométrica da Escala de Atenção à Forma Corporal em adultos brasileiros

Abstract The objectives of the study were to develop a Portuguese version of Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), estimate the psychometric properties of the ABS for Brazilian data, and compare the ABS scores between the sexes and the different sample characteristics. The Portuguese version was developed following a standardized protocol. The factorial and convergent validity were evaluated using goodness-of-fit parameters and average variance extracted. Composite reliability and ordinal coefficient alpha were calculated. The invariance of the fitted model was investigated across independent subsamples using multigroup analysis. The scores were compared between variables using two-way ANOVA. A total of 1,056 individuals (71% female) with a mean age of 26.1 (SD=6.4) years participated in the study. Item 3 was removed due to low factor loading. The refined model presented good psychometric properties for the data. Different characteristics contributed to greater attention to body shape. The Portuguese version of the ABS will be useful to investigate attention to body shape in Brazil. The validity and reliability of the data supported the adequacy of the refined model. Specific characteristics influenced attention to body shape, and therefore, should be considered in future protocols.

Resumo Os objetivos do estudo foram desenvolver a versão em português da Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS); estimar as propriedades psicométricas da ABS para dados brasileiros; comparar os escores da ABS entre os sexos e diferentes características amostrais. A versão em português foi desenvolvida seguindo protocolo padronizado. As validades fatorial e convergente foram avaliadas por índices de ajustamento e variância extraída média. A confiabilidade composta e o coeficiente alfa ordinal foram calculados. A invariância do modelo ajustado foi investigada em subamostras independentes por análise multigrupos. Os escores médios da ABS foram comparados entre as variáveis usando ANOVA two-way. Participaram 1.056 indivíduos (71% mulheres) com média de idade de 26,1 (DP=6,4) anos. O item 3 foi excluído da escala devido ao baixo peso fatorial. O modelo refinado apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas aos dados. Diferentes características contribuíram para a maior atenção com a forma corporal. A versão em português da ABS será útil para investigar a atenção com a forma corporal no Brasil. A validade e a confiabilidade dos dados sustentaram a adequação do modelo refinado. Características específicas foram relevantes para investigar a atenção com a forma corporal, portanto, serão úteis para futuros protocolos.

Accuracy of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition to identify malnutrition in hospitalized patients / Acurácia do Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition para identificar a desnutrição em pacientes hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Objective: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition, introduced as a useful method in the diagnosis of malnutrition, is supported by little evidence in hospitalized individuals. Therefore, we reviewed this method with two objectives: 1) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment; 2) to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted with individuals hospitalized between April 2019 and July 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric information was investigated. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition was the index test and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment the standard reference to assess malnutrition. For diagnostic accuracy, measurements of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve and kappa agreement were considered. Results: A total of 105 individuals participated (age 65.9±9.9 years). The prevalence of malnutrition in the total sample was 48.6% and 67.6% according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment criteria, respectively. An association was observed between malnutrition and the variables that stand behind hospitalization, metabolic stress and anthropometric indicators (p<0.05). The comparison showed sensitivity and specificity values for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria of 67.6% (95% CI: 56.1-77.3) and 91.2% (95% CI: 77.0-96.9) (total sample) and 71.7% (95% CI: 58.4-82.0) and 95.5% (95% CI: 78.2-99.2) (elderly), respectively. An agreement of 49% was observed, raising to 55% when the elderly were assessed separately. Conclusion: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria presented adequate sensitivity conditions and specificity to diagnose malnutrition, moderate agreement with the reference standard and good applicability in hospitalized patients' clinical practice. Prevalence of malnutrition was high, regardless of the method used, and was associated with the reason for hospitalization, metabolic stress and anthropometric indicators.

RESUMO Objetivo: O Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition, apresentado como um método útil no diagnóstico de desnutrição, possui poucas evidências acerca de indivíduos hospitalizados. Portanto, exploramos esse método com dois objetivos: 1) comparar a acurácia diagnóstica dos critérios Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition com a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Paciente; 2) determinar a prevalência de desnutrição e seus fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com indivíduos hospitalizados entre abril de 2019 a julho de 2021. Informações sociodemográficas, clínicas e antropométricas foram investigadas. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition foi o index test e Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Paciente a referência padrão para avaliar desnutrição. Para acurácia diagnóstica considerou-se as medições de sensibilidade, especificidade e área sob a curva e concordância kappa. Resultados: Participaram 105 indivíduos (65,9±9,9 anos). A prevalência de desnutrição na amostra total foi de 48,6% e 67,6% de acordo com os critérios Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition e Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Paciente, respectivamente. Associações foram encontradas entre desnutrição e as variáveis motivo de internação, estresse metabólico e indicadores antropométricos (p<0,05). A comparação mostrou valores de sensibilidade e especificidade para os critérios Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition de 67,6% (IC 95%: 56,1-77,3) e 91,2% (IC 95%: 77,0-96,9) (amostra total) e 71,7% (IC 95%: 58,4-82,0) e 95,5% (IC 95%: 78,2-99,2) (idosos), respectivamente. Observou-se concordância de 49,0%, sendo 55,0% quando os idosos foram analisados separadamente. Conclusão: Os critérios Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition apresentaram condições adequadas de sensibilidade e especificidade para diagnosticar desnutrição, concordância moderada com o padrão de referência e boa aplicabilidade na prática clínica em hospitalizados. A prevalência de desnutrição foi elevada, independentemente do método utilizado, e apresentou relação com o motivo de internação, estresse metabólico e indicadores antropométricos.

[Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric investigation of the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) in a sample of Brazilian adults]. / Adaptação transcultural e investigação psicométrica da Escala de Estresse na Alimentação de Salzburg (SSES) para uma amostra de adultos brasileiros.

The study's objectives were to adapt the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) to Brazilian Portuguese, estimate its psychometric properties in a sample of young adults, and verify (separately for each sex) the relationship between age and BMI and dietary intake during stress. Adaptation of the SSES to Portuguese was performed according to the consolidated protocol. The psychometric properties were estimated for each sex based on factor and convergent validities and reliability. Invariance was tested in independent subsamples for each sex. The relationship between age and bod mass index (BMI) and dietary intake during stress was investigated for each sex using structural equation modeling. Prevalence of individuals in categories that represented maintenance, reduction, or increases in dietary intake in the face of stress was calculated. Participation in the study included 1,030 individuals (61.8% women) with a mean age of 25.5 (SD = 5.3) years. The original model of the SSES presented good fit for the female sample, but for the male sample one item was excluded and a residual correlation was inserted. These models were invariant in independent subsamples. High BMI influenced dietary intake in the face of stress. Men maintained their habitual diet, while women increased their dietary intake during stress. The Portuguese version of the SSES will be useful for investigating dietary intake during stress in Brazil. Different models of SESS were adjusted for each sex. BMI was a significant variable for assessing dietary intake in the face of stress.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram adaptar a Escala de Estresse na Alimentação de Salzburg (SSES) para o português brasileiro, estimar suas propriedades psicométricas para uma amostra de adultos jovens e verificar, separadamente para cada sexo, a relação da idade e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) com a forma de lidar com a alimentação frente ao estresse. A adaptação da SSES para o português foi realizada seguindo protocolo consolidado. As propriedades psicométricas foram estimadas para cada sexo a partir das validades fatorial e convergente e da confiabilidade. A invariância foi testada em subamostras independentes para cada sexo. A relação da idade e do IMC com a alimentação frente ao estresse foi investigada para cada sexo usando a modelagem de equações estruturais. A prevalência dos indivíduos em categorias que representaram manutenção, redução ou aumento da alimentação frente ao estresse foi calculada. Participaram do estudo 1.030 indivíduos (61,8% mulheres) com média de idade de 25,5 (DP = 5,3) anos. O modelo original da SSES apresentou bom ajuste para a amostra feminina, mas, para a masculina, um item foi excluído, e uma correlação residual foi inserida. Esses modelos foram invariantes em subamostras independentes. O IMC elevado influenciou na alimentação frente ao estresse. Os homens mantêm a alimentação habitual, enquanto as mulheres a aumentam frente ao estresse. A versão em português da SSES será útil para investigar a alimentação frente ao estresse no Brasil. Modelos diferentes da SESS foram ajustados para cada sexo. O IMC foi uma variável significativa para avaliar a alimentação frente ao estresse.

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron adaptar la Escala de Estrés en la Alimentación de Salzburg (SSES) al portugués brasileño, estimar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de adultos jóvenes y verificar, separadamente para cada sexo, la relación entre edad e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en lo que respecta a la alimentación frente al estrés. La adaptación de la SSES al portugués se realizó siguiendo un protocolo consolidado. Las propiedades psicométricas se estimaron para cada sexo a partir de la validez factorial y convergente, así como de la confiabilidad. La invariancia se probó en submuestras independientes para cada sexo. La relación de la edad e IMC con la alimentación frente al estrés se investigó para cada sexo, usando un modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Se calculó la prevalencia de los individuos dentro de categorías que representaban: mantenimiento, reducción o aumento de la alimentación frente al estrés. Participaron en el estudio 1030 individuos (61,8% mujeres) con una media de edad de 25,5 (DP = 5,3) años. El modelo original de la SSES presentó un buen ajuste en la muestra femenina, sin embargo, en la masculina, se excluyó un ítem y se incluyó una correlación residual. Estos modelos fueron invariantes en submuestras independientes. El IMC elevado influenció en la alimentación frente al estrés. Los hombres mantienen la alimentación habitual, mientras que las mujeres la aumentan frente al estrés. La versión en portugués de la SSES será útil para investigar la alimentación ante el estrés en Brasil. Se ajustaron modelos diferentes de la SESS para cada sexo. El IMC fue una variable significativa para evaluar la alimentación ante el estrés.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale to the Portuguese language / Adaptação transcultural da Social Appearance Anxiety Scale para a língua portuguesa

ABSTRACT Objectives To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) to the Portuguese language and estimate its internal consistency in a sample of Brazilian young adults. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation process followed international references based on five stages (translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert assessment, and pretest) to assess idiomatic, semantic, conceptual, and cultural equivalence. The internal consistency was estimated by the ordinal alpha coefficient (α). Results The new Portuguese version is presented in this study with minor changes from the original that did not violate the meaning of the items. This version was tested in 30 adults (women = 56.7%, M age = 26.0 [SD = 6.2] years) who understood the content. The participants completed the scale in an average time of 4.6 (SD = .6) minutes. The internal consistency of the scale was good (α = .95) when applied in a sample of 80 adults (women = 51.2%, M age = 28.0 [SD = 5.7] years). Conclusions The new Portuguese version of the SAAS was equivalent to the original in the idiomatic, semantic, and conceptual area. As the Brazilian participants understood the Portuguese version, cultural equivalence was found. The instrument's internal consistency was adequate to the sample. The findings of this study may help researchers and clinicians interested in using the SAAS in Brazilian context for tracking characteristic symptoms of social anxiety due to physical appearance. However, before using SAAS in any protocol, it is important to evaluate its psychometric properties, especially the construct validity.

RESUMO Objetivos Realizar a adaptação transcultural da Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) para a língua portuguesa e estimar sua consistência interna em uma amostra de adultos jovens brasileiros. Métodos O processo de adaptação transcultural seguiu referências internacionais baseando-se em cinco etapas (tradução, síntese, retrotradução, avaliação de especialistas e pré-teste) para avaliar as equivalências idiomática, semântica, conceitual e cultural. A consistência interna foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa ordinal (α). Resultados A versão em português foi apresentada com pequenas alterações em relação à original, mas isso não comprometeu o significado conceitual dos itens. Essa versão foi pré-testada em 30 adultos [mulheres = 56,7%; M idade = 26,0 (DP = 6,2) anos], que compreenderam bem o conteúdo. O tempo médio de preenchimento da escala foi de 4,6 (DP = 0,6) minutos. A consistência interna da escala foi boa (α = 0,95) quando aplicada em uma amostra de 80 adultos [mulheres = 51,2%; M idade = 28,0 (DP = 5,7) anos]. Conclusões A versão em português da SAAS foi equivalente à original nas áreas idiomática, semântica e conceitual. Além dessas, a equivalência cultural foi atendida, pois a versão em português foi bem compreendida pelo público brasileiro. A consistência interna do instrumento foi adequada para a amostra. Os achados deste estudo podem ajudar pesquisadores e clínicos interessados em usar a SAAS em contexto brasileiro para rastrear sintomas característicos de ansiedade social devido à aparência física. Entretanto, antes de usar a SAAS em qualquer protocolo, é importante avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas, especialmente a validade de construto.

Body appearance (dis)satisfaction scale applied to brazilian university students / Escala de (in)satisfação com a aparência corporal aplicada a universitários brasileiros

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the Body Area Scale (BAS) applied to a sample of Brazilian university students to support the validity and reliability of the obtained data. METHODS: We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Comparative Fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). We calculated the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and ordinal alpha coefficient (α). All estimates were calculated separately for women and men. A thousand students participated (women = 64.0%, mean [M] age = 20.92, standard deviation [SD] = 2.40 years; body mass index (BMI) M = 23.24, SD = 3.97 kg/m2 ). RESULTS: Considering the CFA results, the original unifactorial model (24 items) did not fit data for women and men. Instead, the two-factorial model with 19 items had adequate fit for male and female samples (CFI = 0.922-0.958; TLI = 0.912-0.952; RMSEA = 0.090-0.096), as well as good convergent validity (AVE = 0.536-0.668) and reliability (CR = 0.920-0.952; α = 0.916-0.948). Once BAS was proposed to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with one's own body, and considering the reformulation of the factorial model, we proposed a new name for the instrument: Body Appearance (Dis)Satisfaction Scale (BAS-R). CONCLUSION: Professionals can now include the BAS-R in future protocols to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the body in Brazilian students.

OBJETIVO: Estimar as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala desenvolvida para avaliar a satisfação/ insatisfação com o corpo quando aplicada em uma amostra de estudantes universitários brasileiros. MÉTODOS: A validade de construto da escala foi estimada a partir de análise fatorial confirmatória. Os índices Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) e Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) foram utilizados. A variância extraída média (VEM), a confiabilidade composta (CC) e o coeficiente alfa ordinal também foram calculados. Todas as estimativas foram calculadas para as amostras feminina e masculina. Participaram 1.000 estudantes (mulheres = 64,0%). A média de idade para a amostra total foi de 20,92 [desvio-padrão (DP) = 2,40] anos e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio foi de 23,24 (DP = 3,97) kg/m². RESULTADOS: A estrutura unifatorial original da escala composta por 24 itens não apresentou ajustamento adequado. Após modificações, o modelo bifatorial composto por 19 itens apresentou ajustamento adequado às amostras masculina e feminina (CFI = 0,922-0,958; TLI = 0,912-0,952; RMSEA = 0,090-0,096), bem como adequada validade convergente (VEM = 0,536-0,668) e confiabilidade (CC = 0,920-0,952; α = 0,916-0,948). Com a reestruturação do modelo fatorial, a denominação "Escala de (In)satisfação com a Aparência Corporal" foi apresentada e a sigla BAS-R foi adotada. CONCLUSÃO: A partir desses indicadores, pesquisadores e clínicos poderão utilizar essa escala para levantar informações sobre a satisfação/insatisfação com o corpo em universitários.

[Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in young Brazilian adults]. / Propriedades psicométricas da Satisfaction with Life Scale em adultos jovens brasileiros.

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was originally proposed in the English language to measure the individual's overall perception in relation to life. The study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of SWLS when applied to young adults and estimate the influence of demographic characteristics on life satisfaction, in a non-probabilistic sample of young adult individuals (18 to 35 years) of both sexes in Araraquara, São Paulo State, Brazil. We assessed the fit of SWLS to the data by confirmatory analysis, using the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). Reliability was estimated by the alpha ordinal coefficient and omega. Factor invariance was estimated by multigroup analysis, with CFI test of statistical difference (ΔCFI). Comparison of the mean scores on satisfaction with life according to sex, age, economic stratum, and employment status was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Participation included 2,170 individuals (females: 67.8%; age: 22.09 years). The model's fit to the different samples was adequate (CFI = 0.981-0.998; TLI = 0.962-0.996; SRMR = 0.026-0.040; omega = 0.842-0.869; alpha = 0.862-0.889). Strict invariance was seen for the target variables. Life satisfaction was greater among individuals in higher economic strata. The data obtained with SWLS were valid, reliable, and invariant between samples with different sex, age, economic strata, and employment status. Life satisfaction was greater among individuals from higher economic strata and did not differ by sex, age, or employment status.

A Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) foi proposta originalmente na língua inglesa para medir a percepção geral do indivíduo em relação à vida. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da SWLS quando aplicada a indivíduos adultos jovens e estimar a influência de características demográficas na satisfação com a vida. É uma amostra não probabilística de indivíduos adultos jovens (18 a 35 anos) de ambos os sexos de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil. Avaliou-se o ajustamento da SWLS aos dados por análise confirmatória, utilizou-se os índices: índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI, em inglês), índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI, em inglês) e raiz quadrada média residual padronizada (SRMR, em inglês). A confiabilidade foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa ordinal e ômega. A invariância fatorial foi estimada por análise multigrupos, usando-se a estatística teste da diferença de CFI (ΔCFI). A comparação dos escores médios de satisfação com a vida segundo o sexo, a idade, o estrato econômico e o exercício de atividade laboral foi realizada por análise de variância (ANOVA). Participaram 2.170 indivíduos (feminino: 67,8%; idade: 22,09 anos). O ajustamento do modelo às diferentes amostras foi adequado (CFI = 0,981-0,998; TLI = 0,962-0,996; SRMR = 0,026-0,040; ômega = 0,842-0,869; alfa = 0,862-0,889). Observou-se invariância estrita para as variáveis avaliadas. Os dados obtidos com a SWLS foram válidos, confiáveis e invariante entre as amostras de diferentes sexo, idade, estrato econômico e exercício de atividade laboral. A satisfação com a vida foi maior entre os indivíduos de estrato econômico mais elevado, não diferindo segundo sexo, idade e exercício de atividade laboral.

La Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) se propuso originalmente en lengua inglesa para medir la percepción general del individuo en relación con la vida. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la SWLS, cuando se aplica a individuos adultos jóvenes, así como estimar la influencia de las características demográficas en la satisfacción con la vida. Se trata de una muestra no-probabilística de individuos adultos jóvenes (18 a 35 años) de ambos sexos de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil. Se evaluó el ajuste del SWLS a los datos por análisis confirmatorio, se utilizaron los índices: índice de ajuste compartimentado (CFI, en inglés), índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI, en inglés) y raíz cuadrada media estandarizada residual (SRMR, en inglés). La confiabilidad se estimó por el coeficiente alfa ordinal y omega. La invariancia factorial se estimó por análisis multigrupos, utilizando la estadística test de la diferencia de CFI (ΔCFI). La comparación de las puntuaciones medias de satisfacción con la vida según: sexo, edad, estrato económico y ejercicio de actividad laboral, se realizó mediante el análisis de variancia (ANOVA). Participaron 2.170 individuos (sexo femenino: 67,8%; edad: 22,09 años). El ajuste del modelo a las diferentes muestras fue adecuado (CFI = 0,981-0,998; TLI = 0,962-0,996; SRMR = 0,026-0,040; omega = 0,842-0,869; alfa = 0,862-0,889). Se observó invariancia estricta para las variables evaluadas. La satisfacción con la vida fue mayor entre los individuos de mayor estrato económico. Los datos obtenidos con la SWLS fueron válidos, confiables e invariantes entre muestras de diferentes sexo, edad, estrato económico y ejercicio de actividad laboral. La satisfacción con la vida fue mayor entre individuos de estrato económico más elevado, no difiriendo según sexo, edad y ejercicio de actividad laboral.

Adaptação transcultural e investigação psicométrica da Escala de Estresse na Alimentação de Salzburg (SSES) para uma amostra de adultos brasileiros / Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric investigation of the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) in a sample of Brazilian adults / Adaptación transcultural e investigación psicométrica de la Escala de Estrés en la Alimentación de Salzburg (SSES) para una muestra de adultos brasileños

Os objetivos deste estudo foram adaptar a Escala de Estresse na Alimentação de Salzburg (SSES) para o português brasileiro, estimar suas propriedades psicométricas para uma amostra de adultos jovens e verificar, separadamente para cada sexo, a relação da idade e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) com a forma de lidar com a alimentação frente ao estresse. A adaptação da SSES para o português foi realizada seguindo protocolo consolidado. As propriedades psicométricas foram estimadas para cada sexo a partir das validades fatorial e convergente e da confiabilidade. A invariância foi testada em subamostras independentes para cada sexo. A relação da idade e do IMC com a alimentação frente ao estresse foi investigada para cada sexo usando a modelagem de equações estruturais. A prevalência dos indivíduos em categorias que representaram manutenção, redução ou aumento da alimentação frente ao estresse foi calculada. Participaram do estudo 1.030 indivíduos (61,8% mulheres) com média de idade de 25,5 (DP = 5,3) anos. O modelo original da SSES apresentou bom ajuste para a amostra feminina, mas, para a masculina, um item foi excluído, e uma correlação residual foi inserida. Esses modelos foram invariantes em subamostras independentes. O IMC elevado influenciou na alimentação frente ao estresse. Os homens mantêm a alimentação habitual, enquanto as mulheres a aumentam frente ao estresse. A versão em português da SSES será útil para investigar a alimentação frente ao estresse no Brasil. Modelos diferentes da SESS foram ajustados para cada sexo. O IMC foi uma variável significativa para avaliar a alimentação frente ao estresse.

The study's objectives were to adapt the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) to Brazilian Portuguese, estimate its psychometric properties in a sample of young adults, and verify (separately for each sex) the relationship between age and BMI and dietary intake during stress. Adaptation of the SSES to Portuguese was performed according to the consolidated protocol. The psychometric properties were estimated for each sex based on factor and convergent validities and reliability. Invariance was tested in independent subsamples for each sex. The relationship between age and bod mass index (BMI) and dietary intake during stress was investigated for each sex using structural equation modeling. Prevalence of individuals in categories that represented maintenance, reduction, or increases in dietary intake in the face of stress was calculated. Participation in the study included 1,030 individuals (61.8% women) with a mean age of 25.5 (SD = 5.3) years. The original model of the SSES presented good fit for the female sample, but for the male sample one item was excluded and a residual correlation was inserted. These models were invariant in independent subsamples. High BMI influenced dietary intake in the face of stress. Men maintained their habitual diet, while women increased their dietary intake during stress. The Portuguese version of the SSES will be useful for investigating dietary intake during stress in Brazil. Different models of SESS were adjusted for each sex. BMI was a significant variable for assessing dietary intake in the face of stress.

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron adaptar la Escala de Estrés en la Alimentación de Salzburg (SSES) al portugués brasileño, estimar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de adultos jóvenes y verificar, separadamente para cada sexo, la relación entre edad e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en lo que respecta a la alimentación frente al estrés. La adaptación de la SSES al portugués se realizó siguiendo un protocolo consolidado. Las propiedades psicométricas se estimaron para cada sexo a partir de la validez factorial y convergente, así como de la confiabilidad. La invariancia se probó en submuestras independientes para cada sexo. La relación de la edad e IMC con la alimentación frente al estrés se investigó para cada sexo, usando un modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Se calculó la prevalencia de los individuos dentro de categorías que representaban: mantenimiento, reducción o aumento de la alimentación frente al estrés. Participaron en el estudio 1030 individuos (61,8% mujeres) con una media de edad de 25,5 (DP = 5,3) años. El modelo original de la SSES presentó un buen ajuste en la muestra femenina, sin embargo, en la masculina, se excluyó un ítem y se incluyó una correlación residual. Estos modelos fueron invariantes en submuestras independientes. El IMC elevado influenció en la alimentación frente al estrés. Los hombres mantienen la alimentación habitual, mientras que las mujeres la aumentan frente al estrés. La versión en portugués de la SSES será útil para investigar la alimentación ante el estrés en Brasil. Se ajustaron modelos diferentes de la SESS para cada sexo. El IMC fue una variable significativa para evaluar la alimentación ante el estrés.

Propriedades psicométricas da Satisfaction with Life Scale em adultos jovens brasileiros / Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in young Brazilian adults / Propiedades psicométricas de la Satisfaction with Life Scale en adultos jóvenes brasileños

A Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) foi proposta originalmente na língua inglesa para medir a percepção geral do indivíduo em relação à vida. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da SWLS quando aplicada a indivíduos adultos jovens e estimar a influência de características demográficas na satisfação com a vida. É uma amostra não probabilística de indivíduos adultos jovens (18 a 35 anos) de ambos os sexos de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil. Avaliou-se o ajustamento da SWLS aos dados por análise confirmatória, utilizou-se os índices: índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI, em inglês), índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI, em inglês) e raiz quadrada média residual padronizada (SRMR, em inglês). A confiabilidade foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa ordinal e ômega. A invariância fatorial foi estimada por análise multigrupos, usando-se a estatística teste da diferença de CFI (ΔCFI). A comparação dos escores médios de satisfação com a vida segundo o sexo, a idade, o estrato econômico e o exercício de atividade laboral foi realizada por análise de variância (ANOVA). Participaram 2.170 indivíduos (feminino: 67,8%; idade: 22,09 anos). O ajustamento do modelo às diferentes amostras foi adequado (CFI = 0,981-0,998; TLI = 0,962-0,996; SRMR = 0,026-0,040; ômega = 0,842-0,869; alfa = 0,862-0,889). Observou-se invariância estrita para as variáveis avaliadas. Os dados obtidos com a SWLS foram válidos, confiáveis e invariante entre as amostras de diferentes sexo, idade, estrato econômico e exercício de atividade laboral. A satisfação com a vida foi maior entre os indivíduos de estrato econômico mais elevado, não diferindo segundo sexo, idade e exercício de atividade laboral.

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was originally proposed in the English language to measure the individual's overall perception in relation to life. The study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of SWLS when applied to young adults and estimate the influence of demographic characteristics on life satisfaction, in a non-probabilistic sample of young adult individuals (18 to 35 years) of both sexes in Araraquara, São Paulo State, Brazil. We assessed the fit of SWLS to the data by confirmatory analysis, using the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). Reliability was estimated by the alpha ordinal coefficient and omega. Factor invariance was estimated by multigroup analysis, with CFI test of statistical difference (ΔCFI). Comparison of the mean scores on satisfaction with life according to sex, age, economic stratum, and employment status was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Participation included 2,170 individuals (females: 67.8%; age: 22.09 years). The model's fit to the different samples was adequate (CFI = 0.981-0.998; TLI = 0.962-0.996; SRMR = 0.026-0.040; omega = 0.842-0.869; alpha = 0.862-0.889). Strict invariance was seen for the target variables. Life satisfaction was greater among individuals in higher economic strata. The data obtained with SWLS were valid, reliable, and invariant between samples with different sex, age, economic strata, and employment status. Life satisfaction was greater among individuals from higher economic strata and did not differ by sex, age, or employment status.

La Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) se propuso originalmente en lengua inglesa para medir la percepción general del individuo en relación con la vida. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la SWLS, cuando se aplica a individuos adultos jóvenes, así como estimar la influencia de las características demográficas en la satisfacción con la vida. Se trata de una muestra no-probabilística de individuos adultos jóvenes (18 a 35 años) de ambos sexos de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil. Se evaluó el ajuste del SWLS a los datos por análisis confirmatorio, se utilizaron los índices: índice de ajuste compartimentado (CFI, en inglés), índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI, en inglés) y raíz cuadrada media estandarizada residual (SRMR, en inglés). La confiabilidad se estimó por el coeficiente alfa ordinal y omega. La invariancia factorial se estimó por análisis multigrupos, utilizando la estadística test de la diferencia de CFI (ΔCFI). La comparación de las puntuaciones medias de satisfacción con la vida según: sexo, edad, estrato económico y ejercicio de actividad laboral, se realizó mediante el análisis de variancia (ANOVA). Participaron 2.170 individuos (sexo femenino: 67,8%; edad: 22,09 años). El ajuste del modelo a las diferentes muestras fue adecuado (CFI = 0,981-0,998; TLI = 0,962-0,996; SRMR = 0,026-0,040; omega = 0,842-0,869; alfa = 0,862-0,889). Se observó invariancia estricta para las variables evaluadas. La satisfacción con la vida fue mayor entre los individuos de mayor estrato económico. Los datos obtenidos con la SWLS fueron válidos, confiables e invariantes entre muestras de diferentes sexo, edad, estrato económico y ejercicio de actividad laboral. La satisfacción con la vida fue mayor entre individuos de estrato económico más elevado, no difiriendo según sexo, edad y ejercicio de actividad laboral.

Sociocultural pressure: a model of body dissatisfaction for young women.

The aim of the study was to verify the influence of pressure from sociocultural agents on dissatisfaction with face and body in young women mediated by the internalization of the lean and muscular body and to identify the contribution of individual characteristics to this model. A total of 612 university female students participated of study. The students completed the Portuguese versions of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 and of the Body Area Scale-Revised and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A hypothetical model was constructed using structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the variables. The model fit and the significance of the hypothetical paths were verified. The results provide evidence that the greater the pressure of sociocultural agents and the internalization of the lean body, the more women were dissatisfied with body and face appearance. The media contributed to a greater internalization of the muscular body, which reduced the body dissatisfaction. The practice of physical activity and a higher economic level contributed to a greater internalization of the muscular body, which reduced body dissatisfaction. A higher economic level also influenced the internalization of the lean body and increased the dissatisfaction with face and body. A higher body mass index contributed to a greater pressure from sociocultural agents, greater internalization of the lean body, and greater dissatisfaction with body and face. The relationships identified in the model can contribute to the development of strategies aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in the population, such as body acceptance.

Gait speed and malnutrition in hospitalized patients and the quality of life of their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the age, nutritional status, and gait speed in hospitalized individuals, and their association with the quality of life of their caregivers. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study with 54 patients and their respective caretakers in a university hospital in the Brazilian Midwest. The analyses were carried out using the SPSS software, with p < 0.05. RESULTS: The Social Relations domain had the highest mean score (71.45±18.64). The lowest score was in the Physical domain (57.80±12.01). According to a subjective nutritional evaluation, 72.2% presented some degree of malnutrition. Most were classified with low gait speeds (82%). There was a significant correlation between age and the Physical and General Quality of Life domains. The Environment domain was significantly correlated to the gait speed. CONCLUSION: The age and the gait speed of the patient were related to the quality of life of the caregiver, but the nutritional state was not affected.