Prevalence of multimorbidity in Brazilian individuals: A population-based study.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in Brazilian individuals and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2019 with 88,531 Brazilian adults Multimorbidity is the presence of two or more non-communicable chronic diseases. Associated factors were assessed by calculating the prevalence ratio (PR) obtained using Poisson regression with robust variance. Multimorbidity was estimated in 29.9% (95%CI: 29.33% to 30.48%) of Brazilian individuals. In the multiple models, the prevalence was high in women (PR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.32 to 1.42), individuals over 60 years (PR: 4.26; 95%CI: 3.87 to 4.69), non-employed (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.15 to 1.26), individuals with obesity (PR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.43 to 1.56), and smokers (PR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.19 to 1.29). This study identified a high prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The monitoring of these outcomes may support the development of policies and services.

A clinical, randomized, double-blind study on the use of toothpastes immediately after at-home tooth bleaching.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of 5% potassium nitrate containing 2% sodium fluoride and 10% strontium chloride on tooth sensitivity and color change after at-home bleaching treatment across 3 months of follow-up. METHODS: 60 subjects were randomly allocated by numerical draw into three groups (n= 20): (1) Control, treated with 22% carbamide peroxide (CP) followed by application of a toothpaste without active ingredient: (2) Nitrate, treated with 22% CP followed by application of a toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride: (3) Strontium, treated with 22% CP followed by application of a toothpaste containing 10% strontium chloride. An air jet was used to evaluate post-bleaching sensitivity associated with a modified visual analogue scale (VAS). A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color of the maxillary incisors. RESULTS: The Friedman vs Kruskal-Wallis tests showed that the tooth sensitivity associated with the experimental groups during 10 days of bleaching treatment was lower than that reported with the Control (P= 0.043). ANOVA showed that variation in ΔE revealed no significant difference in tooth color among the groups for the different evaluation times (P= 0.923). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of a toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate associated with 22% carbamide peroxide improves symptoms of dentin sensitivity after 10 days of bleaching treatment.

Effect of 10% Strontium Chloride and 5% Potassium Nitrate with Fluoride on Bleached Bovine Enamel.

BACKGROUND: Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated in vitro the effect of 10% strontium chloride and 5% potassium nitrate with fluoride on bovine enamel, through tristimulus colorimetry, Knoop microhardness (KHN), and roughness after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). METHODS: The specimens were divided into three groups (n=15): GControl received bleaching treatment with 35% HP; GNitrate received bleaching with 35% HP followed by the application of 5% potassium nitrate with 2% sodium fluoride; and GStrontium received bleaching with 35% HP followed by the application of 10% strontium chloride on the enamel. Next, five specimens of each experimental group were subjected to KHN and tristimulus colorimetry tests, and 10 specimens were subjected to surface roughness (SR) tests. The values obtained for the different groups were compared through analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test in addition to Student's T-test for paired data. RESULTS: In the intergroup comparison, KHN final differed statistically (p<0.05). The mean SR final of the experimental groups differed statistically from the GControl group (p<0.05). In addition, the groups did not differ in color variation (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: 10% strontium chloride and 5% potassium nitrate combined with 2% fluoride downplayed morphological changes to the enamel, without interfering with the effectiveness of the bleaching process.