Dispositional mindfulness predicting psychological adjustment among college students: the role of rumination and gender.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined rumination as a mediator of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and depression, loneliness, and anxiety, while considering gender as a moderator of these mediation models. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and nineteen undergraduate students (49.5% female; M = 18.90 years) participated with data collected from January 2018 to April 2019. METHODS: Self-report measures of DM, rumination, symptoms of anxiety and depression, loneliness, and social support were completed. RESULTS: Males scored significantly higher than females on DM, while females scored significantly higher than males on rumination and psychological distress. Rumination mediated the relationship between DM and all adjustment variables. The mediation model predicting depression was moderated by gender, showing stronger effects for females than males. CONCLUSION: Results support rumination as a mechanism underlying the association between DM and psychological adjustment and suggest that targeting both DM and rumination could maximize the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for college students' well-being.

A clinician/researcher partnership to understand patterns and predictors of trauma-focused psychotherapy and nontrauma-focused psychotherapy use among veterans with PTSD.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in veterans, and trauma-focused evidence-based psychotherapies (TF-EBP) have the strongest evidence for reducing PTSD and improving functioning. However, most veterans with PTSD do not receive TF-EBP. Extensive research focuses on why this gap between scientific recommendations and clinician practice exists. This study adds an unique perspective by reporting on a program evaluation that was jointly designed and implemented by Veterans Affairs researchers and PTSD Clinic providers to increase shared understanding about patterns and predictors of TF-EBP and non-TF-EBP use and interpret results in light of clinic contextual factors. The evaluation describes the psychotherapy utilization patterns of 242 veterans' who were referred to the PTSD clinic and investigates what patient characteristics predict psychotherapy use over the next year. Most veterans (87%) received psychotherapy: 27% received at least one session of TF-EBP and 14% received an adequate dose of TF-EBP. Veterans who started TF-EBP were significantly more likely to receive eight sessions compared to veterans getting non-TF-EBP. Core PTSD symptoms predicted more psychotherapy use, while negative beliefs about oneself/the world predicted less psychotherapy use. Clinicians were more likely to recommend TF-EBP when veterans endorsed feeling guilt/shame in reaction to their emotions. Referral from integrated primary care-mental health providers rather than specialty mental health providers predicted more overall psychotherapy sessions. Clinicians interpret results in line with contextual factors that promote delivery of non-TF-EBP. More clinician engagement in the research process can improve the clinical relevance of research and help bridge the gap between scientific and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).