Appraisal of reservoir quality for hydrocarbon-bearing deep-water Miocene sandstones incised valley, south-east Asian offshore Indus: An application of seismic attributes and instantaneous spectral porosity quantitative reservoir simulations.

Incised marine valleys (IVS) are hot topics in exploring the stratigraphic oil and gas-bearing plays. Multiple channelized sandstone lenses at varying depths [m], thicknesses [m], and porosities [%] constrain seismic impedance. The presence of hydrocarbon-bearing resources affects the seismic impedance (density (g/cc) and velocity (m/s)). Therefore, a quantitative prediction has been carried out for determining the thickness [m], porosity [%], and depths [m] of laterally distributed channelized sandstone lenses (SLS) for IVS, Indus offshore Basin (IOB), Pakistan, using 2-D instantaneous spectral porosity quantitative modelling (2DSSM), continuous wavelet transforms-based (CWT) 2-D instantaneous spectral density modelling (2DSSDM), and spectral decomposition tools. The 2DSSM remained limited in predicting the number of channelized sandstone lenses and their quantitative stratigraphic attributes. The 45-Hz-based processing of conventional 2DSSM has resolved the two channelized sandstone lenses of the stratigraphic trap. The deepest channelized sandstone lens has attained 1-6 m thickness with a lateral extent of 3 km, within the porosity range of 18-33 %. The highest confidence level for predicted petrophysical attributes such as 13 m-thick pay zones, -0.08, -0.067, and -0.07 acoustic impedances [g/c.c.*m/s], and 28 % porosities with R2 > 0.85 have validated interpretations. The response of 45-Hz CWT waveform-based inverted density and thickness simulations has predicted the highest thicknesses and lowest densities of reservoir sandstones within the meandering channel belt of the deepwater depositional system. The predicted densities and thicknesses for the coarse-grained sandstone lenses of point bars were 1.8-1.9 g/cc and 15 m, respectively. In the same way, the quantitative estimates of predicted density and simulated thickness have shown a strong coefficient correlation (R2 > 0.80), which confirms the presence of gas-bearing prospects within the IVS. The facies-controlled migration is thought to be the movement of the reservoir facies of the point bars and channelled sandstone-filled lenses to the side.

Maternal Mortality and COVID-19 Pandemic: Looking Beyond SARS CoV-2 Infection.

Objective: To study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mortality ratio, aetiological and modifiable factors for maternal mortality and key interventions performed. Method: Retrospective exploratory study evaluating maternal mortality between April to November 2020 (study group) and 2019 (control group). Results: Demographic variations existed in the two groups. Increased maternal age and illiteracy were significantly more in the study group. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was significantly high in the study group (792 vs. 296 p value = 0.0). Hemorrhage accounted for 20% and COVID-19-related maternal deaths accounted for 15% deaths in the study group. Level 3 delay (delay in receiving care/inadequate care) was observed in 35% in the study group and 28% in control group (p value = 0.349). 17.5% of mothers in the study group as compared to 8% of control group were dead on arrival to hospital though not statistically significant (p value = 0.28). Significantly more women in study group died within 24 h of admission (45% vs. 20%, p value 0.04). Among the key interventions, the use of supplemental oxygen was significantly high in study group (p value = 0.02). Conclusion: Maternal mortality ratio was high in the pandemic year because of a significant decline in hospital delivery rate. The lesson learnt from this pandemic needs to be documented to guide better planning in the future to face similar situations.

Synovial 5-Lipoxygenase-Derived Oxylipins Define a Lympho-Myeloid-Enriched Synovium.

OBJECTIVE: Oxylipins are bioactive lipids derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that modulate inflammation and may remain overexpressed in refractory synovitis. In plasma, they could also be biomarkers of synovial pathology. The aim of this study is to determine if synovial oxylipins in inflamed joints correlate with plasma oxylipins and with synovial histologic patterns. METHODS: Patients with established rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis with active disease despite treatment were recruited, and paired synovial tissue (ST) and plasma were collected. Oxylipins were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and were classified into groups according to their PUFA precursor and enzyme. The expression of CD20, CD68, CD3, and CD138 was obtained to describe synovial histology. Cell-specific expression of oxylipin-related genes was identified by examining available synovial single-cell RNA sequencing data. RESULTS: We included a total of 32 ST and 26 paired-plasma samples. A total of 71 oxylipins were identified in ST, but only 24 were identified in plasma. Only levels of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid and tetranor-Prostaglandin FM had a significant positive correlation between plasma and ST. Several oxylipins and oxylipin-related genes were differentially expressed among synovial phenotypes. Specifically, several 5-lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived oxylipins were statistically elevated in the lympho-myeloid phenotype and associated with B cell expression in rheumatoid arthritis samples. CONCLUSION: The lack of correlation between ST and plasma oxylipins suggests that ST lipid profiling better characterizes active pathways in treated joints. Synovial 5-LOX-derived oxylipins were highly expressed in lympho-myeloid-enriched synovium. Combination therapy with 5-LOX inhibitors to improve refractory inflammation may be needed in patients with this histologic group.

Seismic attributes and spectral decomposition-based inverted porosity-constrained simulations for appraisal of shallow-marine lower-Cretaceous sequences of Miano gas field, Southern Pakistan.

Seismic attributes can play an important role in the exploration of hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic systems. Incised valley systems are developed during the falling sea, which causes the deposition of coarse-grained sandstone facies inside the low-standing tracts (LST). These regional phenomena constrain the quantitative attributes of ultra-thin-bedded stratigraphic petroleum traps, e.g., vertical and lateral variations in the thickness, accommodation space, lithology, and porosity. This study deals with the application of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of a spectral decomposition (SD) tool on a 3D post-stack seismic volume of the Miano gas Field, Lower Indus basin, Pakistan. The results show that the CWT accurately detected the regionally faulted/fractured system and distinguished the frequency-dependent amplitude anomalies. The wedge model resolved a 24-meter-thick gas-bearing resource. Quality control analysis was carried out using CWT-based broadband processing between the designed amplitude spectrum of 17 Hz and 70 Hz. The reservoirs with over 25% porosity that were located within the shale-dominated facies with less than 8% porosity were imaged through the processing of the instantaneous spectral porosity model at the 48-Hz tuning block. Moreover, 190 to 165-m-thick thin-bedded sandstone reservoirs at a 25% porosity zone were resolved using 22-Hz and 28-Hz, which implicates the sea standstill and medium-to-coarse-grained depositional reservoir facies. The ultra-thin-bedded traps inside the laterally continuous stratigraphic lens of 121 m and the prograding clinoform lens of 101-m within the incised valley petroleum system were resolved using 48-Hz, which implicates the falling sea and fine-scaled transgressed erosional facies. These implications suggest that the identified regional stratigraphic traps have development potential for this gas field. The treatment of the inverted model at the highest frequencies can be utilized to investigate the porous stratigraphically trapped facies of LST and can serve as an important analogue for the leading gas field of the Indus Basin and similar basins.

Electrochemical and DFT Studies of the Pistacia Integerrima Gall Extract: An Eco-friendly Approach towards the Corrosion of Steel in Acidic Medium.

A novel application of the Pistacia integerrima gall extract as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor is reported in this study. The major phytochemicals present in the gall extract, namely pistagremic acid, ß-sitosterol, pistiphloroglucinyl ether, pistaciaphenyl ester, naringenin, and 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one, play key roles in its anticorrosive behavior on steel in aggressive media. Several approaches were used to study the corrosion prevention activity of steel in 1 M H2SO4, including weight loss analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and density functional theory (DFT). At 2000 mg L-1, the highest efficiency of 92.19% was observed in 1 M H2SO4. An SEM study was conducted to validate the surface coverage of the metal surface. DFT studies revealed several nucleophilic regions present in the phytochemicals of the inhibitor, which supported the favorable nucleophilicity. Corrosion studies have not been performed on this sample. Phytochemicals make it an effective corrosion inhibitor, and its extraction process utilizes distilled water, making it better than other inhibitors. It has been proven that the obtained values of ΔEInhDFT for pistiphloroglucinyl, pistaciaphenyl ether, and naringenin organic compounds were very low, confirming the high reactivity of these corrosion inhibitors. The order of the values of ΔEInhDFT is as follows: pistaciaphenyl ether > pistiphloroglucinyl ether > naringenin organic compound; this suggests that pistaciaphenyl ether is more reactive than the other compounds. In this study, P. integerrima gall extract emerges as a novel and highly effective corrosion resistance agent in 1 M H2SO4, chosen for its relevance to acid pickling and cleaning processes.

Finite element analysis of cross fluid model over a vertical disk suspended to a tetra hybrid nanoparticles mixture.

Nanoparticles have numerous applications and are used frequently in different cooling, heating, treatment of cancer cells and manufacturing processes. The current investigation covers the utilization of tetra hybrid nanofluid (aluminum oxide, iron dioxide, titanium dioxide and copper) for Crossflow model over a vertical disk by considering the shape effects (bricks, cylindrical and platelet) of nanoparticles, electro-magneto-hydrodynamic effect and quadratic thermal radiation. In the current inspection model is first derived given PD-equations and then altered into a system of OD-equations by including similarity variables. The converted ordinary differential equations are solved by using the finite element procedure and the impact of the solution against numerous involved parameters is displayed through tables and graphs. It is observed that tetra-hybrid nanoparticles are recommended better in industrial applications where the highest production of thermal energy. Moreover, an enhancement of thermal production can be achieved utilizing different values of the magnetic parameter, time relaxation number, variable thermal radiation number and magnetic induction number but the opposite trend has been noticed with the effects of radiation number.

Accuracy of Dare's formula in estimating fetal birth weight in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of Dare's formula in estimating fetal birth weight in pregnant women. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi after institutional ethical committee clearance. In all, 175 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies of 37 weeks or more were included. The aim was to assess fetal birth weight by Dare's formula and ultrasonography. This estimated fetal weight (EFW) was compared with actual birth weight (ABW) of newborn. RESULTS: Estimated fetal birth weight by Dare's formula was within 10% of ABW in 77 (44.00%) cases. Meanwhile in the majority (98; 56.00%), EFW by Dare's formula was not within 10% of ABW. The proportion of EFW by ultrasonography within 10% and not within 10% of ABW were comparable (50.29% [88] and 49.71% [87], respectively). CONCLUSION: Dare's formula can be used by medical personnel as a clinical method in routine prenatal care to estimate fetal weight, for better management of women in labor to decrease the maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Fitness fluctuations in the Bak-Sneppen model.

We study the one-dimensional Bak-Sneppen model for the evolution of species in an ecosystem. Of particular interest are the temporal fluctuations in fitness variables. We numerically compute the power spectral density and apply the finite-size scaling method to get data collapse. A clear signature of 1/f^{α} noise with α≈1.2 (long-time correlations) emerges for both local and global (or average) fitness noises. The limiting value of the spectral exponent, 0 or 2, corresponds to no interaction or a random neighbor version of the model, respectively. The local power spectra are spatially uncorrelated and also show an additional scaling, ∼1/L, in the frequency regime L^{-λ}≪f≪1/2, where L is the linear extent of the system.

Assessment of needs and gaps in public health cadre in India - a situational analysis.

BACKGROUND: A structured and organized public health set up with systematically trained personnel to manage and deliver public health services from grassroot levels to higher administrative levels with separate public health directorate is the need of the hour. The objective of this study was to conduct a situational analysis of public health cadre in select states in India to gain an in-depth understanding of the progress and explore the gaps and challenges in its implementation. METHODS: Four states from the country were selected based on stages of implementation of the cadre. The WHO health systems framework was the basis of assessment. In-depth interviews of 78 stakeholders from public health system across various categories and levels were conducted. RESULTS: Every state has a dedicated cadre for public health in the form of a separate hierarchical structure and Directorate. There are deficits in human resources skilled enough to manage and implement public health across all levels. Its penetration below districts level is limited. There are limited opportunities available for contractual staffs in terms of remuneration and job progression. The respondents strongly emphasized on having personnel with training in public health, especially at leadership positions. Funding was not reported to be a problem although some challenges in the timeliness of release of funds were reported. Under the existing Health Management Information System, duplication of data exists and there is underutilization of data for policy making. CONCLUSION: A dedicated public health cadre is under evolution in India. The main challenge is inadequate workforce skilled in public health management. States are committed to finding solutions to overcome these barriers.

Investigation of composed charged particles with suspension of ternary hybrid nanoparticles in 3D-power law model computed by Galerkin algorithm.

Transport of heat visualizes a vital role in many industrial developments. Current study is discussing the role of Joule heating, solar thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous) with variable thermal conductivity on partially ionized power law material past over a three-dimensional heated stretched surface. The power law model is assumed to have the thermal characteristics of ethylene glycol material. The phenomenon of momentum and energy balance is derived in Cartesian coordinates and developed PD (partial differential)-equations. Swimming pools, solar collectors, food processing, electronic gadgets, cooling systems, magnetic field measurement, computer chips, thermal enhancement, semiconductor characterization, nuclear fusion research and other physical applications are examples of ongoing research. The principle of boundary layer simplified the governing problem. The complex coupled PD (partial differential)-equations have been converted into ordinary differential equations OD (ordinary differential)-equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. The converted boundary value problem is complex and highly nonlinear which does not have the exact solution. The approximate solution is computed numerically via finite element scheme (FES) which is coded in MAPLE 18.0 symbolic package. The convergence of the scheme is established through grid independent survey and the solution is plotted against numerous involved parameters. Thermal performance produced by [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]/EG is higher thermal performance produced by [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]/EG. Ion slip and Hall forces are responsible for generating Joule heating mechanism that is responsible for reduction of velocity curve and generating shear stresses. Hence, tangential stresses are declined against increasing [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

Zeta-associated protein 70 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Relevance in Indian context.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is prognosticated using the Rai and the Binet's staging. In the past few years, new parameters have been considered for prognostication. One such marker that has been a subject of speculation and found useful by some western studies is zeta-associated protein 70 (ZAP-70). Aim: To investigate the prevalence of ZAP-70 and find out its association with other prognostic markers like Rai and Binet's stage and CD38 in Indian CLL patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine newly diagnosed cases of CLL were selected over 1 year. Immunophenotyping was done and expression of CD38 and ZAP-70 was evaluated on gated CLL cells. Statistical Analysis: Qualitative data were expressed as frequency and percentage. Differences between groups were evaluated using Student's t-test for quantitative data and Chi-square test/Fisher's exact t-test for qualitative variables. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results and Conclusion: We found a lower prevalence rate of ZAP-70 (2/29, 6.89%) with no association with any of the conventional poor prognostic factors. A large number of our CLL patients fall into the good prognostic group (22/29, ZAP 70-/CD38-) with a least number in the poor prognostic group (2/29, ZAP-70 + CD38+). Also, no association was found between ZAP-70 and CD38. The findings of the present study suggest that the majority of CLL patients in India have a good prognosis, may not require treatment, and have good overall survival. Geographical variations, genetic makeup, and natural history of the CLL could be the cause of such differences from western literature.

Burden, Causes, and Outcomes of Hospitalization in Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis: A US National Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) has a relapsing-remitting course and is associated with a high burden of comorbidities, leading to repeated hospitalizations. This study was undertaken to investigate the burden, risk factors, causes, and outcomes of hospitalization and readmission in GCA patients in a US national cohort. METHODS: Using the 2017 US National Readmission Database, we identified adults ≥50 years of age hospitalized with GCA between January and June 2017, with at least 6 months of follow-up. We estimated the burden of hospitalization including 6-month risk of readmission, total days spent in hospital, and costs, annually. We examined patient-, hospital-, and index hospitalization-related factors for 6-month readmission and total days of hospitalization using binomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Our study included 1,206 patients hospitalized with GCA (70% women, median age 77 years), with 13% of patients experiencing GCA-related ophthalmologic complications at index hospital admission. On follow-up, 3% died, and 34% of patients were readmitted within 6 months, primarily for infections (23%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (15%). Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) of ≥1, smoking, and obesity were associated with readmission. GCA patients spent a median of 5 days/year in hospital (interquartile range [IQR] 3-11), with those in the top quartile spending 19 days/year in hospital (IQR 14-26). CONCLUSION: GCA patients frequently experience unplanned health care utilization, with 1 in 3 patients experiencing readmission within 6 months, and 3% dying within the follow-up period. Infection and CVDs are common causes of readmission and may be related to glucocorticoid exposure. Population health management strategies are required in these vulnerable GCA patients.

Role of meditation in resilience and hope among students.

Context: Rising stress levels for students in the current era due to challenges such as competition and pressure to succeed are a cause for concern. Resilience and hope are two powerful weapons in the fight against these stress-related issues. Aim: The study's objective was to explore the role of goal meditation on resilience and hope among students. Materials and Methods: The study participants comprised college students aged 22-24 years from Kanpur, U.P., India. The purposive sampling method was used to draw samples. A pre‒post study design was used to test the role of meditation in resilience and hope, for which post data were collected 6 months after the imposition of intervention. Statistical Analysis: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to analyze data. Results: Results indicated that resilience and hope increased in pre-and post-intervention measures, and there is a positive relationship between resilience and hope. Conclusion: Based on these results, it was inferred that goal meditation effectively enhances resilience and hope among students.

Utilization of Galerkin finite element strategy to investigate comparison performance among two hybrid nanofluid models.

The utilization of Fourier's law of heat conduction provides the parabolic partial differential equation of thermal transport, which provides the information regarding thermal transport for the initial time, but during many practical applications, this theory is not applicable. Therefore, the utilization of modified heat flux model is to be used. This work discusses the utilization of non-Fourier heat flux model to investigate thermal performance of tri-hybrid nanoparticles mixture immersed in Carreau Yasuda material past over a Riga plate by using Hamilton Crosser and Yamada Ota models considering the variable thermos-physical characteristics. The phenomenon presenting the transport of momentum and energy are developed in the form of coupled partial differential equations, which are complex and then transformed into ordinary differential equations by using an appropriate transformation. The transformed equations have been tackled numerically via finite element scheme and the authenticity of obtained solution is shown with the help of comparative analysis of present results with those are available in open literature.

Lipidomic Profiling in Synovial Tissue.

The analysis of synovial tissue offers the potential for the comprehensive characterization of cell types involved in arthritis pathogenesis. The studies performed to date in synovial tissue have made it possible to define synovial pathotypes, which relate to disease severity and response to treatment. Lipidomics is the branch of metabolomics that allows the quantification and identification of lipids in different biological samples. Studies in animal models of arthritis and in serum/plasma from patients with arthritis suggest the involvement of different types of lipids (glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, oxylipins, fatty acids) in the pathogenesis of arthritis. We reviewed studies that quantified lipids in different types of tissues and their relationship with inflammation. We propose that combining lipidomics with currently used "omics" techniques can improve the information obtained from the analysis of synovial tissue, for a better understanding of pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are systemic diseases that manifest not only in the gut and gastrointestinal tract, but also in the extraintestinal organs in many patients. The quality of life for patients with IBD can be substantially affected by these extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). It is important to have knowledge of the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of EIMs in order to adapt therapeutic options to cover all aspects of IBD. EIMs can occur in up to 24% of patients with IBD before the onset of intestinal symptoms, and need to be recognized to initiate appropriate diagnostic procedures. EIMs most frequently affect joints, skin, or eyes, but can also affect other organs, such as the liver, lung, and pancreas. It is a frequent misconception that a successful therapy of the intestinal inflammation will be sufficient to treat EIMs satisfactorily in most patients with IBD. In general, peripheral arthritis, oral aphthous ulcers, episcleritis, or erythema nodosum can be associated with active intestinal inflammation and can improve on standard treatment of the intestinal inflammation. However, anterior uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis usually occur independent of disease flares. This review provides a comprehensive overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of EIMs in IBD.

Anti-globulin test positivity indicates advanced disease in Indian CLL patients.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) occurs in 10% to 25% of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) while Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) positivity seen in 35% of cases. The prevalence and prognostic significance of DAT positivity is not well documented especially in Indian population. The present study was undertaken to know prevalence and prognostic significance of DAT positivity in CLL in India by associating it with stage and CD 38 expression. The study included fifty-eight newly diagnosed and untreated cases of CLL staged according to Binet and Rai system. Complete hemogram, DAT and immuno-phenotyping by flow cytometry was done to diagnose CLL and to assess CD 38 expression. Student's t test and Chi square test was used to calculate difference between means. p value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results-DAT positivity was found in 27.58% cases. A positive association was seen between DAT and advanced Rai and Binet stage (P = 0.024 and P = 0.014 respectively). A positive association was also seen between DAT and CD 38 (P = 0.008). The study concluded that DAT positivity in Indian CLL patients is high as compared to West. As DAT correlated with advanced Rai/Binet stage, as well as CD 38 positivity, it can be considered as a surrogate marker for advanced disease and used to select patients needing close follow up especially at places where molecular and flow cytometric set up for prognostication is not available.