RESUMO
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is associated with a heightened overall risk of future psychopathological problems. However, elucidating specific characteristics that determine an increased risk for certain individuals remains an area requiring further exploration. This study aimed to identify latent subgroups in a sample of college students with NSSI. Additionally, it sought to explore the differential associations of these subgroups with their psychopathological status (e.g., borderline symptoms and suicidal tendencies) both at baseline and after two years. The sample comprised 259 participants (89% females, Mage = 20.39, SD = 1.90) who reported engaging in NSSI in the last year. Three latent groups were found. The group exhibiting severe NSSI-features, high emotion dysregulation, and low perceived social support was the profile with high-risk of psychopathology both at baseline and follow-up. The findings enhance our understanding of the complex association between NSSI and future mental health issues, aiding in the early identification of at-risk individuals.
Assuntos
Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Seguimentos , Universidades , Ideação Suicida , Apoio Social , Fatores de Risco , Adolescente , Regulação Emocional , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern among adolescents, especially in clinical settings. Social support plays a critical role in the onset and maintenance of NSSI in adolescence. NSSI is closely associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet no previous work has analyzed the mediating role of borderline traits in the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and NSSI. This study aimed to address this gap. METHODS: Participants were 228 adolescent patients (12 to 18 years old), who completed a clinical interview and self-report measures of BPD-traits, current psychological distress, emotion dysregulation and PSS. They were grouped based on the presence (vs. absence) of NSSI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of NSSI, and a mediation analysis was conducted to examine the intermediary role of borderline traits in the relationship between PSS and NSSI. RESULTS: NSSI was highly prevalent in our sample (58%) and was associated with higher clinical severity. Low PSS predicted NSSI in univariate, but not multivariate regression. Mediation analyses showed that borderline traits fully accounted for the relationship between low PSS and NSSI, even when controlling for current psychological distress and gender. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design through self-report assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that adolescents with low PSS are especially vulnerable for developing NSSI due to elevated BPD traits. In clinical settings, interventions aimed to reduce borderline symptoms may be a promising treatment option for adolescents with NSSI and low PSS.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Adolescente , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Personalidade , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as the direct and deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue in the absence of lethal intent. Following decades of progressive increase in the incidence of NSSI among adolescents and young adults, as well as growing scientific interest, the disorder was listed as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition). In this review we provide updated information on this phenomenon, focusing on: prevalence, course and prognosis; associated factors; its relationship with psychopathology; and the role of the mass media, social networks, and the internet. Finally, we discuss some conclusions and future proposals, emphasizing the need for collaborative work to better understand NSSI in Spain, and to improve prevention and treatment strategies.
Assuntos
Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/diagnóstico , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/etiologiaRESUMO
The concept of being at risk for psychosis has been introduced both for adults and children and adolescents, but fewer studies have been conducted in the latter population. The aim of this study is to systematically review the articles associated with clinical description, interventions, outcome and other areas in children and adolescents at risk for psychosis. We searched in MEDLINE/PubMed and PsycINFO databases for articles published up to 30/06/16. Reviewed articles were prospective studies; written in English; original articles with Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis samples; and mean age of samples younger than 18 years. From 103 studies initially selected, 48 met inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Studies show that CHR children and adolescents present several clinical characteristics at baseline, with most attenuated positive-symptom inclusion criteria observed, reporting mostly perceptual abnormalities and suspiciousness, and presenting comorbid conditions such as depressive and anxiety disorders. CHR children and adolescents show lower general intelligence and no structural brain changes compared with controls. Original articles reviewed show rates of conversion to psychosis between 17 and 20% at 1 year follow-up and between 7 and 21% at 2 years. While 36% of patients recovered from their CHR status at 6-year follow-up, 40% still met CHR criteria. Studies in children and adolescents with CHR were conducted with different methodologies, assessments tools and small samples. It is important to conduct studies on psychopharmacological and psychological treatment, as well as replication of the few studies found.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Psiquiatria do Adolescente , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Criança , Psiquiatria Infantil , Depressão/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Gestão de RiscosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Asperger Syndrome (AS) is characterized by a qualitative disorder of social interaction, a pattern of restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped behavior, interests and activities, with normal intellectual capacity and normal language skills in the areas of grammar and vocabulary. Since its inclusion in international taxonomies, there has been much controversy regarding its nosological validity. CLINICAL CASE: A patient with a diagnosis of AS in adulthood is described. Results from the psychopathological, personality and cognitive functioning assessment are included. CONCLUSIONS: Asperger Syndrome can also be diagnosed in adulthood and should be suspected whenever retrospective information and clinical assessment point to this diagnosis.