[Present trends in endoscopy in otorhinolaryngology]. / K soucasným trendum endoskopie v otorinolaryngologii.

The author emphasizes new endoscopic trends in otorhinolaryngology, in particular rhinoscopy with microsurgery of the lateral nasal wall, sinuscopy and the use of lasers in microlaryngoscopy. Attention is also drawn to the specific position of endoscopy in otorhinolaryngology, using not only flexible and rigid technique but also possibilities of concurrent examination of the respiratory and deglutition pathways--i. e. so-called double endoscopy. The possibility of a comprehensive endoscopic examination of the deglutition and respiratory pathways led also to the formulation of the principle of panendoscopy the importance of which for oncological diagnosis is already generally accepted.

[Antibiotic prophylaxis of early infection in otorhinolaryngology surgery]. / K antibiotické profylaxi ranné infekce pri operacích v otorinolaryngologii.

The authors draw attention to the urgency of antibiotic prophylaxis of early infection in surgical disciplines and emphasize the main principles of its expedient implementation. In otorhinolaryngology antibiotic prophylaxis proves useful in a number of surgical procedures; the authors submit, however, also examples when they do not consider antibiotic prophylaxis expedient. Among antibiotics used for prophylactic administration they consider at present for the majority of ENT operations cephalosporins of the first generation most useful. Their spectrum is roughly equal to the action of penicillin, oxacillin and ampicillin combined. When selecting an antibiotic, however, always ain individual approach must be used and its selection must be adjusted to the epidemiological situation in different areas and health institutions. The prophylactic use of different types of antibiotics cannot have permanent validity, we have to foresee rotation of antibiotics and the introduction of further new preparations.

[Personal experience with general anesthesia and high-frequency jet ventilation during fiber bronchoscopy]. / Nase zkusenosti s celkovou anestézií a vysokofrekvencní tryskovou ventilací pri fibrobronchoskopii.

The method is not currently used so far and was not yet described in the Czechoslovak ENT literature. The authors found it very useful in a group of 49 patients. It combines in an optimal way the advantages of fibrobronchoscopy and the advantages of safe anaesthesia which is important, in particular when children are examined.

[Magnetic resonance--personal experience with its use in otorhinolaryngology]. / Magnetická rezonance--nase zkusenosti s jejím uplatnením v otorinolaryngologii.

The authors present their initial experience with the visualization by magnetic resonance (MR) in otorhinolaryngology in the CSR. Due to multidimensional and high contrast visualization, MR facilitates greatly spatial orientation as regards localization and size of the pathological process. Its importance otorhinolaryngology is in particular in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. For some localizations of tumours MR is the method of choice.

Esophageal prosthesis and its most common complications.

Plastic prostheses of our own modification introduced under endoscopic control, have been successfully used in 46 patients with advanced malignant or scarred stenosis of the esophagus. Despite maximum care, their introduction is associated with a certain risk of complications and incidents. In our series, the introduction of a prosthesis was complicated by perforation of the canceromatous esophageal wall in 2 patients (0.5%), and by an esophagobronchial fistula observed 12 days post-operatively in 1 patient (0,25%). To preclude fatal mediastinal complications following perforation of the esophagus by the prosthesis, X-ray examination of its patency employing water-soluble contrast media in the early stages after surgery is recommended even before peroral nutrition is resumed.

[Indications and limitations of esophagoscopy with flexible fiberoptics (author's transl)]. / Flexible Fibroösophagoskopie--ihre Möglichkeiten und Beschränkungsfaktoren

The authors evaluate the results of 241 diagnostic esophagoscopies with fiberoptics performed in the years 1973/74. The fiberoptics were successfully used in 208 patients (86%) suffering of inflammatory processes of the esophagus, hiatus hernias, carcinomas and spontaneous or traumatic bleeding of the esophagus. In 33 cases (14%) the fiberoptics were not sufficient in establishing a diagnosis and had to be followed by a classical esophagoscopy. This was necessary in stenosis of the esophagus, pathological changes in the area of the esophageal entrance and marked suprastenotic dilatations of the esophagus with food retention. It is concluded that in esophageal diagnostics in addition to flexible fiberoptics there is still a need for the classical instruments like metallic esophagoscopy tubes of different length and lighting.