RESUMO
Optimization of DNA collection for National gene bank and conservation programs requires information on spatial and genetic distribution of animals countrywide. The relationship between genetic and geographic distances were examined in 8 Brazilian horse breeds (Baixadeiro, Crioulo, Campeiro, Lavradeiro, Marajoara, Mangalarga Marchador, Pantaneiro and Puruca) using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers and collection point locations. Mantel correlations, Genetic Landscape Shape Interpolation, Allelic Aggregation Index Analyses and Spatial autocorrelation tests indicated a nonrandom distribution of horses throughout the country. Minimum collection distances for the national Gene Bank should be 530km, with clear divisions seen in genetic structure of horse populations in both North/South and East/West directions. Comparing Pantaneiro and North/Northeastern breeds, physical distance is not necessarily the defining factor for genetic differentiation. This should be considered when sampling these local breeds. These data can help optimise GenBank collection routines and conservation strategies for these breeds.